RocksRocks

Topic: Igneous Rocks

Objectives: Day 1 of 4 I will know how to define a rock I will know the 3 basic types of rocks I will know how the rock change from one type to

another using the rock cycle I will know how to identify Igneous Rocks based on

their physical characteristics http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=

fvwp&v=FnoHDRPJjkw&NR=1

Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite

Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences:

How do you think magma (hot liquid rock becomes solid hard rock??????

Can rocks change into other types of rocks?? What do you think rocks are made of????

Here is

Granite

Granite is a

Mixture of

Different

minerals

It made up of

the minerals

Quartz,

Hornblende,

& Feldspar

What is a Rock?What is a Rock?

A rock is a _______of one or A rock is a _______of one or more mineralsmore minerals

Answer BankChange

SedimentaryMixturecooling

mixture

Rock ClassificationRock Classification

All rocks fit into 3 categories Igneous, Sedimentary, and MetamorphicIgneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

Rock CycleRock Cycle We just learned about the 3

types of rocks, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

As it turns out, Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock.

Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.

Rock CycleCooling and Cooling and

Hardening of MagmaHardening of Magma

Igneous Igneous

RockRockWeathering Weathering

And ErosionAnd Erosion

SedimentsSedimentsSedimentarySedimentary

RockRockCompaction Compaction

And CementationAnd Cementation

Heat and Heat and

PressurePressure

Melting MetamorphicMetamorphic

RockRock

MagmaMagmaMeltingMelting

Heat and

Pressure

Weathering

And Erosion

What is the Rock CycleRock Cycle??

The process by which over The process by which over many years rocks ______ many years rocks ______ back and forth between back and forth between igneous rocks, sedimentary igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks, and metamorphic rocksrocks

Answer BankChange

SedimentaryMixturecooling

change

Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks Igneous rocks, are rocks that

were once lava or magma and simply cooled into solid rock!

So, when volcanoes erupt, new igneous rocks are formed!

Or, when magma cools slowly underground, new rock is also formed!

Igneous Rock FormationIgneous Rock Formation

Most Igneous rocksForm below the

Surface

Some Igneous rocksMake it all the way

to the surface

What are Igneous What are Igneous Rocks?Rocks?

Rocks formed from the Rocks formed from the ______ and hardening of ______ and hardening of magma (hot molten liquid magma (hot molten liquid rock)rock)

Answer BankChange

SedimentaryMixturecooling

cooling

Igneous Rock Igneous Rock ClassificationClassification

Igneous rocks are classified by their color and crystal size

Igneous Rocks that form below ground are called intrusive (inside or interior) igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks that form above the ground are called extrusive igneous rocks

Finally, dark colored igneous rocks are called Mafic and lighter colored igneous rocks are called felsic

Extrusive Igneous Rock:

Outside the earth

Fast Cooling Small Crystals

Ex: Basalt

Intrusive Igneous Rock:Inside the earth

Slow Cooling Large Crystals

Ex: Granite

What’s the difference between What’s the difference between Intrusive & Extrusive Igneous Intrusive & Extrusive Igneous

Rocks?Rocks? Intrusive RocksIntrusive Rocks cooled cooled

slowly beneath or below slowly beneath or below the earth’s surface the earth’s surface resulting in _____ resulting in _____ crystalscrystals Ex: Granite & Ex: Granite & GabbroGabbro

Extrusive Igneous Extrusive Igneous Rocks cooled ______ Rocks cooled ______ above the earth’s surface above the earth’s surface resulting in small crystals resulting in small crystals

Ex: Rhyolite & BasaltEx: Rhyolite & Basalt

GraniteGranite GabbroGabbro

RhyoliteRhyolite BasaltBasalt

Answer Banklargeabove

MixtureSlowlyquickly

quickly

large

Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocksFelsic & Mafic Igneous rocks

Felsic Igneous rocks are light in color & high in silica

Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous

rocks are dark in color & low in silica

Ex: Gabbro and Basalt

GraniteGranite RhyoliteRhyolite

GabbroGabbroBasaltBasalt

What’s the difference What’s the difference between Felsic & Mafic between Felsic & Mafic

Igneous rocks?Igneous rocks? Felsic Igneous

rocks are light in color & high in silica

Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous

rocks are ____ in color & low in silica

Ex: Gabbro and Basalt

GraniteGranite

GabbroGabbroBasaltBasalt

Answer Bankdark

aboveMixtureSlowlylight

RhyoliteRhyolitedark

Draw Table: Felsic-Light in color, high in silica

Mafic-Dark in color, low in silica

Intrusive(slow cooling, large crystals)

Granite Gabbro

Extrusive(fast cooling, small crystals)

Rhyolite Basalt

SummarySummary Igneous rocks formed from the _____ and ______of

magma _____Igneous are dark and _____ igneous rocks are

lighter in color _____ igneous rocks cooled slowly and have large

crystals _____ igneous cooled quickly forming small crystals

Answer BankMafic

intrusivecooling

extrusivehardening

felsic

Topic: Clastic Sedimentary Rock

Objectives:Objectives: Day 2 of 4

I will learn about weathering, erosion and deposition and how it affects rocks

I will learn about clastic sedimentary rocks and the conditions under which they formed

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NygkD8uATng

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydZ4SWiqGik

Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite

Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences:

What are some types of sediment you’re familiar with???

How do you think sediment forms?? How do you think sediment moves?

Weathering Erosion Deposition & Stratification

In order for us to learn about sedimentary rocks, we need to first learn about weathering, erosion deposition and stratification

Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by the action of water and wind

Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water and wind

Deposition is the dropping and accumulation of rock into layers

Stratification is the layering of sediment

Weathering is the

breaking down of rock

into smaller pieces by

of water, wind and gravity

Erosion is the removal

and transport of rocks

by water, wind and gravity

Deposition is

the dropping and

accumulation of rock

Stratification is

the layering of sediment

Erosion:Erosion is the removal and transport

of rocks by water, wind and gravity

Deposition:The dropping and accumulation

Of sediment over time

Stratification:The layering of

sediment

What is Weathering, Erosion, What is Weathering, Erosion, Deposition & Stratification?Deposition & Stratification?

Weathering – breaking down of rock

Erosion – wearing down and _____ of rock by water, wind, gravity

Deposition - The dropping and accumulation of _____ in low places such as a lake, or ocean bottom

Stratification - The layering of sediment

Answer BankOrganic

depositedsediment

MovementcompressWeatheredcompaction

SedimentsSediments

Small weathered and eroded Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and broken down pieces of rock and organic materialorganic material

Classified by their size Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and

shellsshells

Pebble

Sand

Silt ClayInvisible

at this scale

Sediments are classified Sediments are classified by their sizesby their sizes

Sediment, It’s Everywhere! Even on the Moon? Sand or Silt? Neither, it’s called Regolith!!!!!

What are Sediments?What are Sediments?

Small weathered and Small weathered and eroded broken down eroded broken down pieces of rock and _____ pieces of rock and _____ materialmaterial

Classified by their size Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, Ex: sand, silt, pebbles,

plants, and shellsplants, and shells

Answer BankOrganic

depositedsediment

MovementcompressWeatheredcompaction

Sedimentary Sedimentary Rocks (clastic)Rocks (clastic)

Now that we have broken down rock into sediment, we can make sedimentary rock

Clastic Sedimentary Rock forms through deposition, stratification (layering) and lithification process

Lithification literally means “To make Rock”

The lithification involves compacting and cementing sediment

Sand

Sandstone

conglomerate sandstone siltstone shale

claysiltsandgravel

sediments

sedimentaryrocks

What are Clastic Sedimentary What are Clastic Sedimentary Rocks?Rocks?

Rock created through the Rock created through the deposition, stratification deposition, stratification (layering), and ______of (layering), and ______of sedimentsediment

Ex: Silt stone, sandstone, conglomerate

Answer BankOrganic

depositedsediment

MovementcompressWeatheredCompactionlithification

SandstoneSandstone SiltstoneSiltstone ShaleShaleConglomerateConglomerate

LithificationLithification How does sediment become

sedimentary rock???? The answer is Lithification!!!!Lithification!!!! Lithification is the process that

involves compaction and cementation of sediment

CompactionCompaction occurs when layers of sediment compress the rock below it

CementationCementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between them

CompactionCompaction

CementationCementation

CompactionCompaction

What is What is Lithification?Lithification?

Process by which Process by which sediment becomes sediment becomes sedimentary rock by sedimentary rock by compactioncompaction and and cementationcementation

CompactionCompaction occurs when layers of sediment ____the rock below it

CementationCementation is when is when sediments are glued sediments are glued together by minerals together by minerals ____ between them____ between them

Answer Bank

Organicdepositedsediment

MovementcompressWeatheredcompactionCementation

CompactionCompaction

CementationCementation

Summarize:Summarize:

Please draw the diagram below Please draw the diagram below and fill in the missing terms:and fill in the missing terms:– Deposition– Compaction & Cementation– Erosion – Weathering

1. ______

2.______

3.______

4.______&_______

Weathering

Erosion

Deposition

Compaction Cementation

Topic: Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks

Objectives: Day 3 of 4

I will be able to compare and contrast organic and chemical sedimentary rocks

I will know how metamorphic rocks form I will know how foliation forms in metamorphic

rocks as a result of pressure and temperature

Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite

Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: What would be left behind if you let a glass of salty

water evaporate in the hot sun??? If you add heat to a raw egg what happens to

it????? What would happen to your hand if you kept

stacking textbooks on top of it???? What are some rocks you may have seen in a

cave???

Organic Sedimentary RocksOrganic Sedimentary Rocks

Organic SedimentaryOrganic Sedimentary Rocks are Rocks that Rocks are Rocks that have formed from once have formed from once living creatures or living creatures or OrganismsOrganisms– Ex: Ex: CoalCoal, a carbon rich rock , a carbon rich rock

that formed from the buried that formed from the buried and compacted remains of and compacted remains of dead plantsdead plants

– Ex: Ex: LimestoneLimestone formed by formed by compacted and cemented compacted and cemented shells and coralshells and coral

CoalCoal

LimestoneLimestone

Coal FormationCoal Formation

Coal formed from the buried and compacted remains of plants over millions of years

CoalCoal

Chemical Sedimentary RocksChemical Sedimentary Rocks Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when

minerals minerals precipitateprecipitate or solidify out of or solidify out of waterwater – Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving

behind the salt

GypsumGypsum

Salty Lake

Gypsum FormationGypsum Formation

(chemical sedimentary rock)(chemical sedimentary rock) Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate

leaving behind the a precipitate solid rock

Calcium

MineralCalcium

Mineral

Calcium

Mineral

Calcium

Mineral

Calcium

Mineral

Calcium

Mineral

Stalactite FormationStalactite Formation Stalactites form in

caves as dissolved minerals in water precipitate and solidify into rock

Over time, Stalactites grow

What’s the difference between What’s the difference between Organic and Chemical Organic and Chemical Sedimentary rocks? Sedimentary rocks?

Answer BankAlign

Precipitate Living

PressureSolidifyshells

GypsumGypsum

Organic Sedimentary Rocks Organic Sedimentary Rocks form from once _____ creatures form from once _____ creatures or Organismsor Organisms– Ex: Ex: CoalCoal, , carbon rich rock formed carbon rich rock formed

from buried & compacted remains from buried & compacted remains of dead plantsof dead plants

– Ex: Ex: LimestoneLimestone formed by formed by compacted and cemented shells compacted and cemented shells and coraland coral

Chemical Sedimentary rocks Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals ________or form when minerals ________or solidify out of watersolidify out of water – Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes

evaporate leaving behind the salt

CoalCoal

LimestoneLimestone

living

precipitate

Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks

Igneous rocks are born of fire Sedimentary rocks are formed by

weathering and erosion But how do Metamorphic Rocks Form? The last type of rock we will study is

called metamorphic rock

Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks The word “Metamorphic” or “Morph” means to

change So, how do rocks change? By HeatHeat and PressurePressure In order to understand Metamorphic Rocks, we need

to understand how heat and pressure can change a pre-existing rock

MarbleMarbleLimestoneLimestone

Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

When rocks are subjected to extreme temperatures & pressures, their chemistry changes and they become a new rock M

etam

orphic

Rock Metamorphic Rock

What are Metamorphic What are Metamorphic Rocks ?Rocks ?

Rocks that have ______ due to a Rocks that have ______ due to a temperature or _____ increasetemperature or _____ increase

Ex: marble, slate, Quartzite, & Gneiss Ex: marble, slate, Quartzite, & Gneiss

Answer BankAlignLiving

PressureSolidify

changed

Met

amorp

hic R

ock Metamorphic Rock

changed

pressure

Pictured here is Pictured here is GraniteGranite

What happens if we What happens if we apply heat and apply heat and pressure to granite??pressure to granite??

Applying pressure Applying pressure will cause the will cause the minerals to flatten minerals to flatten and become alignedand become aligned

FoliationFoliation

Pressure and Heat

Pressure and Heat

GraniteGraniteGneissGneiss

FoliationFoliation Metamorphic rocks are classified as either Metamorphic rocks are classified as either

Foliated (having foliation) and Non-Foliated Foliated (having foliation) and Non-Foliated (no foliation)(no foliation)

FoliatedFoliated Metamorphic Rocks include Slate Metamorphic Rocks include Slate and Gneissand Gneiss

Non-foliated Rocks include Marble and Non-foliated Rocks include Marble and QuartziteQuartzite

MarbleMarble

GneissGneiss

QuartziteQuartzite

SlateSlate

What is Foliation?What is Foliation?Answer Bank

Align Living

PressureSolidify

Pressure and Heat

Pressure and Heat

When mineral grains flatten When mineral grains flatten and ____ themselves as a and ____ themselves as a result of pressureresult of pressure

Foliated Rock = Foliated Rock = Slate & GniessSlate & Gniess

Non-Foliated Rock = Non-Foliated Rock = Marble & QuartziteMarble & Quartzite

align

ProtolithProtolith Before they were Metamorphic Rocks, they were either Before they were Metamorphic Rocks, they were either

igneous or sedimentaryigneous or sedimentary For example, Limestone below is a Sedimentary RockFor example, Limestone below is a Sedimentary Rock If we add Heat and Pressure, it will change into marbleIf we add Heat and Pressure, it will change into marble AA protolithprotolith is is the original rock from which a the original rock from which a

metamorphic rock formedmetamorphic rock formed The table below summarize some common protoliths

MarbleMarbleLimestoneLimestone

What is a Protolith?What is a Protolith? The ______ rock from which a The ______ rock from which a

metamorphic rock formedmetamorphic rock formed Draw table below:Draw table below:

Answer BankAlign

original Living

PressureSolidify

original

1.__________

Please draw the diagram below Please draw the diagram below and fill in the missing terms:and fill in the missing terms:– Intrusive Igneous Rock– Extrusive igneous rock– Sedimentary rock– Metamorphic Rock

Heat

&

Pre

ssure

Heat

&

Pre

ssure 2.__________

3.________

4.________

Summarize:

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Intrusive

Igneous Rock

Extrusive

Igneous Rock

Topic: Rock IdentificationRock IdentificationObjectives: Day 4 of 4

I will be able to identify rocks based on their physical properties

I will be able to review the rock cycle and know how it works

Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite

Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences:

If you were blindfolded, how would you be able to tell the difference between a piece of sand paper and a piece of glass???

Rock Physical PropertiesRock Physical Properties

Rocks are classified Rocks are classified by how they formby how they form

But how do we tell But how do we tell them apart??them apart??

Just like minerals, Just like minerals, rocks have physical rocks have physical properties that we use properties that we use to tell them apartto tell them apart

Rock Physical Properties:Rock Physical Properties:

Igneous rocks have Igneous rocks have different textures for, a rock different textures for, a rock like granite with large like granite with large crystals has a crystals has a course course grained texturegrained texture

Some rocks like rhyolite Some rocks like rhyolite with small crystals have a with small crystals have a fine grained texturefine grained texture

Some rocks cooled so Some rocks cooled so quickly, they have a quickly, they have a glassy glassy texturetexture like obsidian like obsidian

Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks

RhyoliteRhyolite

GraniteGranite

ObsidianObsidian

Rock Physical Properties:Rock Physical Properties:

Some rocks like Basalt Some rocks like Basalt or Scoria have holes in or Scoria have holes in them that formed from them that formed from gases escaping from as gases escaping from as the lava cooledthe lava cooled

We call these holes We call these holes vesiclesvesicles

Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks

ScoriaScoria

BasaltBasalt

Rock Physical Properties: Rock Physical Properties: Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks are identified by are identified by sediment sizesediment size

Another clue to it’s Another clue to it’s identity is texture, identity is texture, sandstone feels sandstone feels gritty, siltstone is gritty, siltstone is smoothsmooth

Rock Physical Properties: Rock Physical Properties: Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Sedimentary Rocks are also Rocks are also identified by identified by having layers having layers or fossils or fossils

Rock Physical Properties: Rock Physical Properties: Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Metamorphic rocks are rocks are identified by identified by either having either having foliation or foliation or lacking in lacking in foliation foliation

How do we identify igneous, How do we identify igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic sedimentary and metamorphic

rocks?rocks? By their physical ______ By their physical ______

IgneousIgneous SedimentarySedimentary MetamorphicMetamorphic

small crystals create a fine-grained texture

large crystals create a coarse grained texture

obsidian has a glassy texture

gas holes or vesicles

By their texture, sandstone feels gritty siltstone feels smooth

look for layers or fossils

look for foliation

or

no-foliation

Answer BankProperties

Heat & Pressure(2)

Compaction &Cementation

Cooling &Hardening

Erosion & Weathering

Rock Cycle ReviewCooling and Cooling and

Hardening of MagmaHardening of Magma

Igneous Igneous

RockRockWeathering Weathering

And ErosionAnd Erosion

SedimentsSedimentsSedimentarySedimentary

RockRockCompaction Compaction

And CementationAnd Cementation

Heat and Heat and

PressurePressure

Melting MetamorphicMetamorphic

RockRock

MagmaMagmaMeltingMelting

Heat and

Pressure

Weathering

And Erosion

Rock CycleUse the rock cycle to help fill in the blanks

Magma or Magma or Sediment Sediment

Start Start HereHere

Physical Physical

Process:Process:

RockRockType:Type:

Physical Physical

Process:Process: Rock Rock Type:Type:

Silt compaction & cementation

Siltstone

heat and pressure Slate

Sand compaction & cementation Sandstone 1)

Quartzite

Basalt 2) sand Compaction & cementation

Sandstone

Magma 3) Granite

4)

Gneiss

Broken pieces

Shells & Coral

5) Limestone

Heat & Pressure MarbleAnswer Answer cooling &cooling & hardeninghardening Heat & Pressure (2)Heat & Pressure (2) BankBank erosion & weathering erosion & weathering Compaction & cementationCompaction & cementation

Time to play:

Clue: I have a gritty texture, and as you can see, I am also made up of layers!!!!

1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic????

2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or

obsidian????

Time to play:

Clue: I have been exposed to heat and pressure, as result I have squished mineral grains or foliation!!!!

1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic????

2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or

obsidian??

Time to play:

Clue: I formed from lava above the surface, and as result I have small crystal grains and a fine grained texture, I also have gas holes or vesicles…….

1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic????

2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or

obsidian??

Time to play:

Clue: I formed from lava above the surface, I cooled so quiockly that I became volcanic glass and as result I have a smooth glassy texture…….

1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic????

2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or

obsidian??

Time to play:

Clue: I have a fossil fern, I am made from the compaction and cementation of sediment, unlike sandstone, I have a smooth texture …….

1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic????

2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or

obsidian??

Time to play:

Clue: I cooled from magma slowly underground, therfore I made up of large crystals giving me a course grained texture…..

1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic????

2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or

obsidian??

Summarize:Summarize:Draw and Complete the Rock Cycle:

Answer BankSedimentaryMetamorphic

Weathering &Erosion (2)

Igneous Heat & Pressure

????

????

????

????

????

????