role of government- technology and standards, exim policy

Dr. Pradeep Desai

S9 : Management of improvement in Technology and Standards S10 : Technology and Government: Import and Export of Technology. National Technology policies; Objective and role of Government

Technology and Innovation

Contents 1 Management of improvement in Technology and Standards

2 Technology and Government: Import and export of technology

3 References

© 2016. All Rights Reserved.

Technology Evolution



Name Name Expansion Year Transistor Logic gate

ULSI ultra-large-scale integration

1984 1,000,000 and more

100,000 and more

VLSI very large-scale integration

1980 20,000 to 1,000,000

10,000 to 99,999

LSI large-scale integration

1971 500 to 20,000 100 to 9,999

MSI medium-scale integration

1968 10 to 500 13 to 99

SSI small-scale integration

1964 1 to 10 1 to 12

Integrated Circuits


Technology and Standards


IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

• IEEE’s roots go back to 1884 when electricity began to become a major influence in society.

• IEEE, an association dedicated to advancing innovation and technological excellence for the benefit of humanity, is the world’s largest technical professional society. It is designed to serve professionals involved in all aspects of the electrical, electronic, and computing fields and related areas of science and technology that underlie modern civilization.



IEEE 802

• Deals with local area networks and metropolitan area networks. More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets. By contrast, in cell relay networks data is transmitted in short, uniformly sized units called cells.



ISO - International Organisation for Standardisation

• Is the world’s largest developer of voluntary International Standards. Founded in 1947, and since then have published more than 21000 International Standards covering almost all aspects of technology and business.

• Members from 163 countries and about 150 people work full time for our Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland.



ISO 9001 QMS

• Suitable for all sizes and types of organisations and is well established around the world as an invaluable Quality Management System standard. It is suitable for organisations in all industry sectors and will help organisation to improve management processes to compete locally and/or globally.

• The process encompasses the entire organisation and requires senior management buy-in, it is not just a function of the Quality Department.

• To achieve ISO 9001 certification organisation needs to demonstrate that it can meet the regulatory requirements and apply the system effectively to be of real benefit to your customers.



ISO 13485 – Medical devices

• Safety and quality are non-negotiables in the medical devices industry. Regulatory requirements are increasingly stringent throughout every step of a product’s life cycle, including service and delivery. More and more, organizations in the industry are expected to demonstrate their quality management processes and ensure best practice in everything they do.

• ISO 13485, Medical devices - Quality management systems - Requirements for regulatory purposes, is an internationally agreed standard that sets out the requirements for a quality management system specific to the medical devices industry. Recently been revised, with the new version published in Mar 2016.



ISO 27001

• Specifies an Information Security Management System (ISMS), a suite of activities concerning the management of information risks (called ‘information security risks’ in the standard). The ISMS is an overarching management framework through which the organization identifies, analyzes and addresses its information risks.

• The standard covers all types of organizations (e.g. commercial enterprises, government agencies, non-profits), all sizes (from micro-businesses to huge multinationals), and all industries or markets (e.g. retail, banking, defense, healthcare, education and government).



CMMI - Capability Maturity Model Integration

• CMMI (2002) is the successor of the capability maturity model (CMM) or Software CMM. The CMM was developed from 1987 until 1997.

• CMMI was developed by a group of experts from industry, government, and the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at CMU.

• CMMI models provide guidance for developing or improving processes that meet the business goals of an organization. A CMMI model may also be used as a framework for appraising the process maturity of the organization.



• CMMI currently addresses three areas of interest:

Product and service development - CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV)

Service establishment, management - CMMI for Services (CMMI-SVC)

Product and service acquisition - CMMI for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ)


Typical E-Governance

E-governance

and digitization

Water supply

and sewage

treatment

Transport

Solid waste

management

Safety and

security

Health

1

2

Education

3

▪ E-Scholarships from government

▪ App to allow citizens to know government school details

– Regular Notice Board of Events

– Nearest School

– Fee Structure

– Minimum Requirements

– Dates & Timings

– Location

▪ Emergency online services

▪ Availability of hospital beds

▪ Vaccination & Immunization tracking by ULB

▪ Applications for Bulk/ Semi Bulk Water Supply connections

▪ Spot Billing of metered water charges

Technology and Government



Citizen Services

Revenue Collection

ECM & WF

Citizen Portal

Reporting, Dashboard and Analytics

Accounts, Audit, Asset Management and Investments

HRMS, Payroll and ESS

Project Management

Procurement and Material Management

Vehicle Management

Land and Estate Management

DMS

File Tracking

Workflow

Legal Module

Fees

Rent

Property Tax

Water Bills

Helpdesk

Building Permission

Birth and Death Certificates

Marriage Registration

Licenses

Database

Inte

rfac

e

Water Connection

e-Nagarpalika Solution

India EXIM Policy


EXIM Policy of the Indian Government and is regulated by the Foreign Trade Development and Regulation Act, 1992. Export Import Policy also know as Foreign Trade Policy Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) is the main governing body in matters related to Exim Policy Indian EXIM Policy contains various policy related decisions taken by the government in the sphere of Foreign Trade, i.e., with respect to imports and exports from the country and more especially export promotion measures, policies and procedures related thereto. Trade Policy is prepared and announced by the Central Government (Ministry of Commerce). EXIM in general, aims at developing export potential, improving export performance, encouraging foreign trade, etc.


Year Export Import Trade Deficit

2010 201.1 327 -125.9

2011 299.4 461.4 -162

2012 298.4 500.4 -202

2013 313.2 467.5 -154.3

2014 318.2 462.9 -144.7

2015 310.3 447.9 -137.6

Import and Export

in billions of $$

Major Exports - Mineral Fuels, Mineral Oils and Products of their distillation; Bituminous Substances; Mineral Wax, Natural or Cultured Pearls, Precious Or Semiprecious Stones Major Imports - Mineral fuels including oil US$104.6 billion (26.8% of total imports); Gems, Precious metals $59.6 billion (15.3%); Electrical machinery, Equipment: $35.9 billion (9.2%); Machinery including computers: $32 billion (8.2%)

Government Technology Policy


• Liberal in fifties and sixties and scope was limited

• Mid sixties selective and discriminatory, partly due to scarcity of foreign exchange and to protect indigenous technologies

• Tending towards "Buy India" mandate requiring a large percentage of the high-tech goods sold in the country to be manufactured locally

Technology Inflow Routes


• Co-development and Co-production

• Sub- contracting / Contract Manufacturing

• Build to Specifications

• Joint Ventures

• Licensed Production



Spending in India's technology and electronics market is expected to reach about $400 billion by 2020, up from $45 billion in 2009. What could be the role of Indian Technology Companies and the Government to address this market ?

References


http://www.exim-policy.com/ http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323482504578227583950036410 http://www.worldstopexports.com/indias-top-10-imports/

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323482504578227583950036410










http://www.worldstopexports.com/indias-top-10-imports/








role of government- technology and standards, exim policy

Leadership & Management