roman republic&empire 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Rome “The Eternal City”
Caput Mudi Capital of the World
Ch 6
Famous Roman SightsBuildings / Architecture
The Romans were the Great Builders of the Ancient World
Look these Sights up OnlineExplain & find at least one fact about the famous structure
• The Cloaca Maxima• The Pantheon• Flavian Amphitheatre – Colosseum• Circus Maximus • Aqueducts• The Appian Way – Via Appia• Roman Baths• The Forum
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Cloaca Maxima
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Pantheon “Temple to the Gods”
The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumFlavian Amphitheatre
The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior
The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior
Wild Animals could appear from the trap doors
Circus Maximus - thenCircus Maximus - then
“Ben Hur”
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Circus Maximus - Circus Maximus - nownow
Circus Maximus - Circus Maximus - nownow
Roman Roman AqueductsAqueducts
Roman Roman AqueductsAqueducts
Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem
Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem
Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:
The The Appian WayAppian Way
Roman Baths
The Roman The Roman ForumForum
The Roman The Roman ForumForum
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Roman Society & The End of the Republic
PART 1 --- # 32- Government of the Republic- Roman Society- Civil Wars- Julius Caesar
Roman Republic : 509 – 27 BCE
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Gaius Julius Caesar• Gaius – Name• Julius – Clan Name
groups of families with a:Common Mythological Ancestor
• Caesar – Family Name The Individual wasn’t important
- Family / Clan / State : That was Important
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Patricians vs. Plebeians
-Plebeians have no say in the government- Eventually get to elect their own officials called tribunes in 494 B.C.- For 84 years, (421-337 B.C.) plebeians fought to have a role in each part of the government
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The Twelve Tables, The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE450 BCE
The Twelve Tables, The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE450 BCE Providing political and social
rights for the plebeians. – hung in the Forum
Social Structures-A man was the head of the household and his wife and children did not question his authority
- Paterfamilias: Family Father-Over centuries, women received more rights. These included:
-Owning property-Running businesses
-All children were taught to learn to read and write
-Wealthy had private tutors for their children
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Economics-Conquests brought much wealth to Rome-Wealthy families bought huge estates called latifundia.
-Romans forced the people they conquered to work as slaves on the latifundia-Slave labor hurt the small farmers because it cost them more to produce food, and the price was driven down by the immense quantities coming into Rome
-Farmers fell into debt, sold their land, and moved to the city looking for work
-gap between rich and poor widens=riots and chaos27
The Gracchus Brothers•They also worked to get the state to buy grain to feed the poor
•The brothers worked to get the state to distribute the land to the poor farmers
•Senate felt they were a threat to its power, and hired thugs to kill them
-Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus elected tribunes
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Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless
• professional standing army
• He is eventually defeated-exciled
– Caesar learns
Republic to Empire-Civil wars break out to decide who should hold power. The senate wanted to keep the status quo; political leaders wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms
-Slave uprisings throughout the republic “Spartacus”
-Armies became loyal to their commanders because they gave them benefits such as captured land / Paid them Personally - Caesar
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The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
Julius Caesar
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BCThe Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!
44 BCE - Brutus44 BCE - Brutus
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!
44 BCE - Brutus44 BCE - Brutus
The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate Octavian
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus
Battle of Actium
Battle of Philippi
Antony & Cleopatra
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The Pax Romana“Roman Peace”
27 BCE – 180 ADPART 2
- Period of Unprecedented Stability & Prosperity- Initiated by Octavian (Caesar Augustus)- The Principate - Princips “First among Equals”- “I found Rome Brick & I turned it Marble”
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Octavian -Octavian -Augustus:Augustus:
Rome’s First Rome’s First EmperorEmperor
Octavian -Octavian -Augustus:Augustus:
Rome’s First Rome’s First EmperorEmperor
The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty
The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty
Pax RomanaPax Romana: 27 BCE – : 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: 27 BCE – : 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
The Greatest Extent of The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 the Roman Empire – 14
CECE
The Greatest Extent of The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 the Roman Empire – 14
CECE
To commemorate the birth of Augustus (63 BCE) two thousand years earlier(1937), Mussolini commissioned a model of Rome as
it appeared at the time of Constantine (AD 306-337)
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The Rise of Christianity
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PART 3•Jesus / St. Paul
Birth of Jesus
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Nero Fiddled while Rome Burned- then he blamed the Christians
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The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
“In This Sign, Conquer”
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Constantine: Constantine: 312 - 312 - 337337
Constantine: Constantine: 312 - 312 - 337337Edict of Milan
313 AD
Legalized Christianity in the Empire
Constantinople:Constantinople:
““New Rome” ( 330 New Rome” ( 330 AD)AD)
Constantinople:Constantinople:
““New Rome” ( 330 New Rome” ( 330 AD)AD)
DiocletianDiocletian Splits the Splits the Empire in Two: 294 Empire in Two: 294
ADAD
DiocletianDiocletian Splits the Splits the Empire in Two: 294 Empire in Two: 294
ADAD
Constantinople:Constantinople:
““New Rome” ( 330 New Rome” ( 330 AD)AD)
Constantinople:Constantinople:
““New Rome” ( 330 New Rome” ( 330 AD)AD)
The Later Roman Empire
PART 4 The Fall of Rome & The Legacy of Rome
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Reasons for the Fall of Rome1. War with the Germanic Tribes & Huns
- Germans were pushed by the Huns- the still glowing splendor of RomeMaximus “Rome is the Light, the rest of the
World is Darkness”2. Internal Strife in Rome
- civil war / unstable & poor leadership(corruption)
3. Loss of Moral Standards & Virtues- Commodus
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The Empire in The Empire in Crisis: 3cCrisis: 3c
The Empire in The Empire in Crisis: 3cCrisis: 3c
Barbarian Barbarian InvasionsInvasions
Battle of Adrianople – Visigoths – Battle of Adrianople – Visigoths – 378 AD378 AD
Barbarian Barbarian InvasionsInvasions
Battle of Adrianople – Visigoths – Battle of Adrianople – Visigoths – 378 AD378 AD
Alaric the Visigoth Sacks and Burns Rome in 410 AD
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Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”“The Scourge of God”
Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”“The Scourge of God”
Battle of Chalons – 451 AD
• Combined Roman and Visogoth armies defeatAttila the Hun
• Attila Presses on toward Rome itself
• Only knowledge of the Plague in Rome prevented him from destroying the city
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Western Rome Falls to the “Barbarians” in 476 AD
• Odoacer (Ostrogoth)overthrew the EmperorRomulus Augustulas
• The Western Empire was over
• The Eastern Empire will live on for another 1,000 years
(Byzantine) Constantinople
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The Legacy of RomeThe Legacy of Rome Republic GovernmentRepublic Government Roman Law – Rule of LawRoman Law – Rule of Law Latin Language – Romance Latin Language – Romance
LanguagesLanguages Roman Catholic Church – Roman Catholic Church –
Preserving & Spreading Preserving & Spreading ChristianityChristianity
City Planning & Road BuildingCity Planning & Road Building Romanesque Architectural StyleRomanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering & BuildingRoman Engineering & Building
• Aqueducts / Sewage Aqueducts / Sewage systemssystems
• Dams / Cement / Bridges / Dams / Cement / Bridges / ArchArch
Life of Brian – 1:30
Gladiator plays off Old & New Rome
Republican Virtues (Maximus) Rome in the Empire (Commodus)
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Typical Roman virtues shown by Maximus
1.Farmer / Soldier --- like Cincinnatus2.Simplistic Living – “Spartan Lifestyle”3.Religious Devotion4.Obedience These are prized virtues during the Republic
Period
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GladiatorSetting – 180 AD – Final Year of the Pax Romana
Main Characters______________Maximus Marcus Aurelius Commodus_General_________Emperor_________Emperor___“Cincinnatus” Died of the Fought in
the Virtues Plague arena(sand)Gladiatorial Competitions go back to the Etruscans
- 264 BCE was the first recorded - CommodusFought in the Colosseum over 700 times(never lost)
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