rome move from republic to empire (& other stuff you should know)

ROMEMove from Republic to Empire

(& other stuff you should know)

Founding of Rome

• Myth the legend Romulus & Remus – 753 BC• Reality Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines

1500 BC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jToagTve4hs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jToagTve4hs

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Livy, in The Early History of Rome, "Not without reason did gods and men choose this spot for the site of our city - the hills, the river to bring us produce from the inland regions and sea-borne commerce from abroad, the sea itself, near enough for convenience yet not so near as to bring danger from foreign fleets, our situation in the very heart of Italy - all these advantages make it of all places in the world the best for a city destined to grow great."

Location

• Tiber River & Mediterranean Sea• Central Italy• seven hills

1. Why would Rome's geographic location be considered a city destined to become great?

See a voice from the past page 141

Heather Nice

The Etruscans lived in Etruria on the northwestern coast of the Italian peninsula before the rise of the Roman civilization. They probably came from Asia Minor around 800 bc. Etruscan kings, influenced by Greek culture, ruled Rome in the 6th century bc when it began to grow from a village into a city. Around 200 bc, Roman power and influence eclipsed Etruria, and the Etruscans were driven out of the region.

Religion• borrowed ideas from Greeks & Etruscans

Zeus = JupiterHera = JunoAres = Mars

Christianity willcome about in 33 AD & be seenas the primaryReligion after Constantine

Government Republic

• power rests in citizens who have the right to vote to select leaders

• created in 509 BC• free-born male citizens

Spectacular wonders like the Coliseum created with elaborate arches; domes and concrete walls are also key features of Roman architecture.

Architecture

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started in 509 BC by aristocrats who overthrew Tarquin the Proud (the last King of Rome). What is a patrician?What is a plebian?only free born male citizens were allowed to participate in the republic

Republic Cont.

• 2 Consuls• Senate • Assembly • Twelve Tables- written laws• dictator• Jury trials- trial by jury of your peers

Twelve Tables2. Compare

America’s government to Romans Republic

Go to page 143 in your textbook

and copy the chart

Culture Influences

Latin – remains the language of learning after fall of Rome and becomes the official language of the Roman Catholic Church

Many ideas were borrowed from Classical Greeks- aka Greco-Roman culture

Literature follows Greek forms and models, but address Roman themes

Life and family in Rome• Patricians - aristocratic landowners • Plebeians -common farmers, artisans,

merchants • By law and custom, the eldest man, known as

the paterfamilias, or “father of the family,” had power to rule the household. He controlled all property and had authority over all family members.

• Roman women – nearly social equals of men, ran the household and were given authority and respect. Had personal freedom, could own property and businesses, and could testify in court

#3 Vocabulary

#4

PUNIC WARS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goAlQm7_108

Rome & Carthage both desired control of Mediterranean

1ST 264-241 BC, Carthage loses, Rome takes Sicily and western Mediterranean2ND 218 – 202 BC, Hannibal crosses Alps into Rome. Scipio attacks Carthage

PUNIC WARS5. Explain how would Hannibal's invasion of Rome bring challenges to the common people?

6. How was the decision to leave the capital and attack Carthage seen as a great military move?

- Hannibal’s invasion destroyed the Roman farms.- Newly conquered lands began to import food into Rome which led to…

* Farmers income declines.* Latifundia (large estates) created.

202 BC- Hannibal defeated

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pnunn

Heather Nice

Founded in the 800s bc, Carthage had two excellent natural harbors and quickly became one of the leading powers in the Mediterranean. Its armies, often clashing with those of Greece and Rome, produced such ingenious generals as Hamilcar Barca and Hannibal.

Heather Nice

The rivalry between Rome and Carthage led to the Second Punic War beginning in 218 bc. The Romans expected to fight the Carthaginians in Spain, but Hannibal, commander of the Carthaginian army, marched across the Alps and made a surprise invasion of Italy. In a bold military maneuver, Hannibal led a large army with its African war elephants across the Rhône River and over the Alps in icy weather to attack the Romans. Later at the Battle of Cannae in 216 bc Hannibal's forces inflicted one of the worst defeats on the Romans in their history.

Third Punic War• Carthage no longer a threat• 149 BC Rome lays siege to Carthage• 146 BC Carthage set on fire; 50,000

inhabitants sold into slavery

This allows Rome to take complete control of the Mediterranean Sea & extend its territory

Heather Nice

Although Carthage was no longer a threat, Senator Cato ended all speeches with - Delenda est Carthago “Carthage must be destroyed” why - it was such an embarassment to Rome to be defeated they felt the need to avenge the war.Rome now owns all of W. Med, they continue on to conquer E Med - own all land from Spain to Anatolia

Conquer of Mediterranean • citizen-soldiers- men who owned land

• Legion- 5000 foot soldier

• Rome wisely treated conquered people by allowing them citizenship in the Roman Empire.

• Representative democracy- citizens could participate in the government by voting

Heather Nice

citizen soldiers - all citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army, to secure certain public offices, 10 years of military service were required. legion - 5000 heavily armed foot soldiers, self-sufficient unit under generalIf you were a neighboor to rome, and they conquered you, they made you full citizens. If you were farther you gained all the rights of citizenship except the vote. All other territories were considered allies, rome did not interfere with them as long as they sent troops for wars and did not make a pact with any other group.Land governed by Rome was large enough to require a Representative democracy, no longer would direct democracy work.

The Height of the Roman Empire

• Empire stretched from Asia Minor to the Danube & Rhine Rivers and all the way to Great Britain

Roman governors•Enforced Roman law and settled

providential disputes.

7. Why would it be a better decision to have a republic form of government in Rome compared to the direct democracy in Greece?

Because the empire is too large to allow every citizen to come to the capital to vote therefore with a Roman Republic representatives were put in place to vote on the people’s behalf.

The Height of the Roman Empire#8 Vocabulary Pax Romana- 207 years of Roman Peace at the

beginning of Augustus ruleRoman Prosperity- paved roads, aqueducts,

drained swamps, irrigation systems for the deserts Roman Sculptures arch, dome, concrete mosaics

Roman Citizenship• By 212 AD, virtually all free people in the Empire

became Roman citizens.

9. How would the development of paved roads & aqueducts be considered helpful and important cultural influences?

aqueducts were used to transport water to urban areas and roads allowed for quick trade

Major trade items: grain, wine, silk (from China) metals, silk, and olive oil

10. What type of Roman engineering did America take from Rome?

arches

Slavery • Slavery was a significant part of Roman

life. It was wide spread and important to the economy.

• Slavery was mostly conquered people (men, women and children), and children born to slaves were slaves.

• Gladiators- were strong, healthy males forced to fight to the death in public contest

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0DxK1ZEMcg

The Roman Empire will fall.

11. List some possible causes for the decline of Rome.

12. Which of the following would you consider to be the most significant factor that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire? WHY?

POLITICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC MILITARY

13. If you were the Emperor and you could see the invasion crisis, what would you do to protect your Empire?

Empire SplitsEmperor Diocletian splits Empire

• Eastern & Western Empire• Greek & Latin speaking nations

Constantine restores the Empire• moved the capital city to

Constantinople aka New Rome#14 Vocabulary-• Edict of Milan- declares Christianity as a

religion, ends persecution of Christians

Empire splits again into Roman & Byzantine Empire

Religious Split

a. The city of Constantinople will flourish and Rome will decline economically

b. The distance & lack of contact will cause divisions in doctrines and rituals

c. Icons- religious images were banned in the east which caused religious dispute b/t the E. &W.

d. Schism- religious and permanent split b/t the Roman Catholic Church (West) & Eastern Orthodox Church (East)

Byzantine EmpireGovernment- absolute monarch

Emperor Justinian 534 AD• New Code of Laws which would be the

foundations of western law (life, marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, crime, etc.)

• Building program to rebuild fortifications of Constantinople (school, hospitals, baths, churches, etc.)

• Hagia Sophia- most splendid church in the Christian world filled with rich mosaics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRPp3jzv1Tw

Hagia Sophia

15. How would Constantinople’s geographical factors contribute to its success?

16. How could Constantinople’s location help to

spread Christianity?

Do the Primary Source-“Edict of Milan”

rome move from republic to empire (& other stuff you should know)

Documents

roman power

roman women

roman themeslife

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king of rome

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early history of rome

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