rtsa sa chapter newsletter · rtsa sa chapter newsletter august 2017 edition as we enter the latter...

RTSA SA CHAPTER NEWSLETTER

August 2017 EDITION

As we enter the latter part of the year, I note that we have some very interesting events to

look forward to. Our combined event with the PWI and IRSE on 7th September at the Mile

End Hilton has two excellent speakers, who will provide an opportunity to discuss safety

outcomes. Our lecture on 5th October by Des Smith will commemorate the 100th

Anniversary of the joining up of the Trans Australia Railway on the Nullabor in October 1917,

which is a significant milestone in Australian transport history. I am also looking forward to

our annual dinner and AGM on 30th November at the Hyde Park Tavern, where we have Dr

Anjum Naweed to speak to us on lessons learnt in human factors for light rail. Given the

recently announced light rail extension for Adelaide, this presentation at our Annual Dinner

and AGM should be of particular interest.

Elsewhere in our newsletter we have a request for members to consider serving on the SA

Branch Committee of the RTSA. I would strongly encourage participation as a great

volunteer activity, also providing great industry networking opportunities. You never know

when you will need to pick up the phone and utilize that network.

On the front of rail progress in SA, we continue to have rapid progression on the Torrens

Junction rail grade separation and the Adelaide to Tarcoola re-railing project. The latter

project is well into the rail welding phase, with regular deliveries from Arrium at Whyalla of

60 kg/m rail lengths. The Flash Butt Welding Depot at Port Augusta is in full swing and rail

is being delivered to site along the rail corridor in preparation for installation.

IRSE / RTSA / PWI JOINT MEETING September 2017 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION 1) Axle Counter

Communications – Spencer Junction to Tarcoola

2) Signalling System Safety is NOT an Absolute

VENUE: Fedora’s Restaurant

Hilton Hotel, Corner South Road & Sir Donald Bradman Drive, Hilton SA 5033

DATE:

7th September 2017

TIME:

5.45pm for 6pm start to 8.45pm

COST:

RTSA Member, Society Member

Non-Member & Student Member

- Free

RSVP:

https://www.eventbrite.com.a

u/e/irse-pwi-rtsa-adelaide-

joint-local-meeting-tickets-

36466589551

Phone: 08 8370 7004

Mobile/SMS: 0418 827 126

www.rtsa.com.au

WORDS FROM THE CHAIR – PHILLIP CAMPBELL

https://www.eventbrite.com.au/e/irse-pwi-rtsa-adelaide-joint-local-meeting-tickets-36466589551




http://www.rtsa.com.au/

RTSA SA CHAPTER NEWSLETTER – August 2017 EDITION

State of the Art in Light Rail

Technology Scott Elaurant

Senior Transport Planner, Infrastructure &

Enviroment SA, Jacobs

Scott Elaurant is a civil engineer/economist with 30 years’

experience in transport infrastructure – particularly demand

modelling and concept planning. He has a thorough

knowledge of economic and engineering principles relevant to

planning infrastructure. Scott has worked for Federal and State

government agencies on major road and public transport

projects in Australia, New Zealand and South East Asia.

In recent years Scott has worked increasingly in the planning

of public transport, notably passenger heavy rail and light rail.

Recent projects have included the Adelaide Rail revitalisation

program, Seaford Line extension, Gawler Line extension,

Flinders Rail extension, Klang Valley Bypass, Glenelg Tram

Extension (Stages I and II), South Road (LRT) Overpass, Perth

Light Rail and Auckland Light Rail. He has written papers on

light rail, declining car usage, parking policy, forecasting

accuracy, climate change and transport, and peak oil and

transport.

Overview

1. Background – definitions & history

2. LRT vehicle technology advances

– Standardisation

– Modular; High capacity vehicles

– High speed/low floor LRVs

– Wire Free Systems

3. LRT systems technology

4. LRT Implementation

– Street running traffic aspects

– Urban design

5. Cost Effectiveness

6. Summary

1. About the Author

Scott Elaurant*

With Jacobs:

Glenelg Tram South Rd Overpass

Glenelg Tram Extension 1 traffic

Glenelg Tram Extension 2 concept

Glenelg Tram Extension benefits study

Port Rd, Outer Harbour Line studies

Perth Light Rail planning

Auckland Light Rail business case

Auckland Light Rail reference design

*Currently Traffic Lead, Auckland Light

Rail Reference Design

Prior to Jacobs:

Brisbane Light Rail & Briztram studies

Gold Coast Light Rail (alignment)

Brisbane Light Rail Proposal

1. Jacobs – light rail experience

Jacobs

(from Australia)

Melbourne tram extensions (numerous

planning and design)

Dublin Light Rail design

Glenelg Tram Extension 1 design

Gold Coast Light Rail (signal priority)

Perth Light Rail (planning)

Sydney SE Light Rail design

Auckland Light Rail planning Dublin Luas Light Rail

(from USA)

Pittsburgh Light Rail planning & design

Los Angeles Gold Line design

San Francisco Light Rail design

Seattle Link LRT design

(London) Docklands Light Rail design

Manchester Metro extension design Seattle Link Transit Tunnel

1. Definitions – how do we define Light Rail?

**Light Rail Transit is:

• Passenger rail vehicle

• Light axle load

• Exclusive lanes or

Separate corridor

**Tram is defined as:

• Small light rail vehicle

• In shared traffic lanes

**Definitions vary

LRT

(exclusive

lanes)

LRT

(separate

corridor)

Tram

(shared)


1. No consistent terminology

Priority A = No priority over traffic

Priority B = Segregated lanes in street

Priority C = Separate corridor or fully grade separated

Passenger Rail

Right of WayAUS/UK France Germany

Canada/

USA

Priority A Tram TramStrasse-

BahnStreet Car

Priority B Light RailNouveaux

Tramway

Stadte-

BahnLight Rail

Priority C Metro Metro U Bahn Light Rail

1. Background – Adelaide Trams History

Extensive network

• 1855 first horse drawn tram

• 1945 peak usage – 95

million annual trips

• Majority of network closed in

1950’s

• MTT commissioned over 300

electric trams

• 56km network in 1909; peak

track length > 100km

Historic Network

2. LRT Vehicle Technology Advances

• System performance

• Standardisation

• Modular

• Capacity

• Body Articulation

• High Speed/Low floor

• Wireless power supply

• Energy Efficiency

• Examples

2. Advances: System Performance Comparison

System Opened Length Stations Peak Hw City Pop. Pass/

day

Grenoble 1987 36 km 74 2 minute 400,000 210,000

Nantes 1985 44 km 83 6 minute 600,000 274,000

Strasbourg 1994 57 km 72 3 minute 700,000 300,000*

Lyon 2000 52 km 84 4 minute 1,300,000 380,000*

Edmonton 1978 24 km 18 8 minute 900,000 98,000

Calgary 1981 60 km 45 4 minute 1,100,000 330,000

Portland,

(Oregon)

1986 96 km 97 6 minute 2,300,000 130,000

Nottingham 2004 32 km 50 7 minute 700,000 25,000+

Dublin 2004 36 km 54 5 minute 1,200,000 89,000*

2. Advances: System Performance Comparison

Croydon

Docklands

Paris

BordeauxNantes

Strasbourg

Berlin

Frankfurt

Stuttgart

Adelaide

Gold Coast

Melbourne

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

LRT & Tram Patronage vs System Length

LRT (segregated) systems out-perform Tram (shared) systems

2. Advances: Standardisation

• Alstom > 2000 Citadis

• Bombardier > 1500 Flexity

• CAF > 500 Urbos

Typical modern LRV:

• 30-33m length

• 2.65m width

• Standard gauge

• 3-4 double doors per side

• 70%+ Low floor (300mm)


2. Advances: High Capacity Vehicles

• Longer

• Higher

capacity

• 12m = 80

• 23m = 150

• 30m = 200

• 45m = 300

Gold Coast LRT (45m Bombardier Flexity)

2. Advances: Modular Design

• LRVs may be

coupled

• 2 x 33m = 66m

= 450 pass/train

= 6600 pass/hr

• Salt Lake City 4

units (120m) =

900 pass./train

= 14500 pass/hr

2. Advances: Modular Design

• Economy of scale: larger LRVs are more efficient to buy and run

• No extra drivers, cabins, controls, comms

LRV Length Capacity Capacity

Increase

CAPEX OPEX

30 metre 210 pass. $5M AUS

42 metre 310 pass. +50% +20% +10%

60 metre 420 pass. +100% +40% +30%

2. Advances: Capacity Summary

Tram/ LRV Vehicle

Capacity

Frequency & Capacity (passengers per hr)

20 per hr 15 per hr 10 per hr 6 per hr

30m 200 pass 4000 3000 2000 1200

45m 320 pass 6400 4800 3200 1900

2 x 30m 450 pass 9000 6700 4500 2700

2 x 45m 600 pass 12800 9600 4800 2900

Busway 50 pass (120

buses)

6000

Freeway 6 lane (6000

cars)

8000

2. Advances: Body Articulation

• Low Floor LRV with pivoting bogie – best dynamic

performance (Bombardier Flexity)

2. Advances: Body Articulation

• Multi-articulated, no axle – cheaper, lighter (Staedtler)


2. Advances: Bogie design = High speed + Low Floor

• Previously high

speed OR

100% low floor

• 100% low floor

designs require

special bogies

• Rated speeds

creeping up: 70

kph to 80 kph

• New Citadis

Spirit = 100 kph

Low Floor (standard) High Speed (Istanbul)

Low Floor High Speed (Ottawa)

All bogies by Alstom

2. Advances: Wireless Power supply

• Several options:

• Traditional 3rd Rail

• New APS (Alstom)

• NMH Batteries

• Super Capacitor (CAF)

• Technology advancing

fast

• Limits gradient and stop

spacing

Bordeaux LRT (APS power)

Nice LRT (battery for

wireless sections)

2. Advances: Energy efficiency

• LRT Emissions << Cars

• LRT Emissions < BRT

• LRT Emissions < Heavy Rail

• Tram C+O phase =85.4ktCO2e

• Electric Bus C+O phase =111.2ktCO2e

(Alstom)


ModeEuropean Energy

Agency 2013

International Energy Agency

2009

National Atmospheric Emissions

Inventory (UK) 2008

US Department of

Transportation 2010Rail 40 20 to 50 60 62

LRT 40 20 to 50 65 100

Bus/BRT 115 30 to 90 89 179

Passenger Cars 115 80 to 290 125 to 250 268

Air 120 220 to 260 175 Not assessed


• One of the most energy efficient forms of public transport

• BRT generates less CO2 during construction of route and

vehicles than LRT

• Tramway emits far less CO2 during operational phase

• Overall tramways emit far less CO2 over lifecycle than the most

efficient BRT systems

• Light rail emits less CO2 than any motorised urban travel mode

– LRT = 40 gCO2/km Car = 160 gCO2/km

– BRT = 60 gCO2/km

– Heavy Rail = 80 gCO2/km

2. Advances: Recent Development Examples

• Bordeaux: 100% Low

Floor LRVs

• Ottawa Confederation

Line: High Speed + Low

Floors, up to 100km/hr

in outer suburbs

• Paris T5: Rubber Tyred

LRVs

• Kaohsiung, Taiwan: First

100% wireless system

Kaohsiung (Taiwan)

Ottawa Confederations Line


3. LRT Systems Technology

• Signal control

• Pre-emption

• Passenger Information (on board)

• Passenger Information (stop)

• Ticketing

3. LRT Systems Technology: Signal Control

• “CapSys”: Signal priority for LRT

– Transponder on LRT; signal

software can be modified

• Ban right turns across tracks

• Remove parking

• Shared track = inefficient

3. LRT Systems Technology: Signal Control

• Signal priority for LRT

• Standard practice in Europe

• Can be done in STREAMS

• Implemented in Gold Coast LRT

Integration of LRV into TCS (GoldLinq)

3. LRT Systems Technology: Pre-emption

• Minimising LRT traffic delay

• Aim for <4% stopped time at signals in France, Germany

• Requires careful analysis of phasing logic

• LRT priority may vary from 0 to 100%

• 100% in new French/German systems

• 2 key methods via pre-emption:

– Phase lengthening

– Phase skipping

LRT Priority Strategy

3. LRT Systems Technology: Passenger Information

• Successful systems require

real-time, clear and concise

information.

• Suitable for deaf and sight

impaired passengers

• Visual and Audio

• Calling points/Safety/Security

information

3. LRT Systems Technology: Ticketing

• Electronic ticketing

• Platform-based ticketing not on-board

• Zonal/time/journey based

• Aim to remove the need for inspectors on

every service

• Inspectors on random services n

• Using smart cards – multi modal and can

offer discounts

• Mobile ticketing (NFC)


4. LRT Systems Implementation

• Stop Spacing

• Segregated track

• Pedestrianisation

• Integrated platforms

• Amenity improvements

4. LRT Systems Implementation: Stop Spacing

• Longer stop spacing in LRT

• Do not just replicate bus stops 400m apart

• 600m to 800m now common for LRT

• Higher average speed

• Passengers will walk further than for bus

• More efficient for operator

• More people attracted

LR Stop Spacing vs Speed (Arup)

4. LRT Systems Implementation: Segregated Track

No sharing with traffic:

• Safer system

• LRT more reliable

• LRT higher frequency

• Allows long vehicles

• Higher capacity

4. LRT Systems Implementation: Pedestrianisation

Pedestrian / LRT conflicts are critical

• Problem:

– Freedom of movement desirable

– Uncontrolled pedes create

hazard

• Pedestrian / LRT collisions are

largest safety risk

• Segregated track LRT safest

• Paving colour & texture contrast

used to guide pedestrians

• Cobblestones deter pedestrians


Iconic architecture – Strasbourg Homme de Ferr


Pedestrian + LRT mall – Auckland proposal


4. LRT Systems Implementation: Integrated Platforms

• Good accessibility & high boarding capacity with low floor LRV

• Minimal impact on amenity

4. LRT Systems Implementation: Amenity Uplift

• Make LRT corridors attractive

walking environments

• High quality paving

• Grass track

• Street trees

4. LRT Systems Implementation: Urban Redevelopment

• LRT facilitates medium density development (4 to 6 story)

• Modify land use zoning to permit linear development along route

Redevelopment along Bordeaux LRT Ligne C (Google Image)

5. Cost effectiveness

• LRT supply industry is highly competitive – Alstom, Bombardier,

CAF and Siemens are all active in Australian market

• Vehicle supply cost much lower than heavy rail rolling stock

– LRV (30m, 200 person) typically $3m to $4m each

– Heavy rail (3 car emu, 450 person) typically $8m to $10m each

• Busways of similar standard are similar in capital cost to LRT

• LRT has lower operating costs than bus and heavy rail (in

Australian context)

5. Cost effectiveness: Recent BRT & LRT unit costs

System Year Cost Length Unit Cost

2015 $/km

South East Transit 2000 $520M 16.5 km $28M

Liverpool Parramatta T-Way 2003 $346M 30 km $9M

Northern Busway Auckland 2008 $294M NZ 7.4 km $25M

Inner Northern Busway 2008 $493M 4.5 km $70M

Eastern Busway 2011 $692M 4.2 km $91M

Glenelg Tram, Adelaide 2009 $154M 4.4 km $19M

Sydney Dulwich Hill LRT 2014 $179M 5.6 km $16M

Gold Coast Light Rail 2014 $953M 13 km $37M

Sydney SE LRT 2017 $1600M 12.1 km $66M

5. Cost effectiveness: Wider Economic Benefits (Adelaide example)

• Benefits calculated for productivity increase (∆density)

• Move to More Productive Jobs (M2MPJ) shown but not

recommended (no constraint)

• Assume 30 year analysis, 15 year development effect

• Employment benefit >> capital cost of project

• Property uplift benefit not statistically proven

Area of BenefitHigh

Case

Middle

Case

Low

Case

All Zones <400m of Tram $332

Million

$224

Million

$111

Million

Zones < 400m of Tram

excluding zones adjacent

to North Terrace.

$372

Million

$172

Million

$85

Million


PRESENTATION PHOTOS


DATE AND TIME ACTIVITY LOCATION

Thursday 16th FEBRUARY 2017

3:30 PM O’Bahn City Access

Project Site Visit

McConnell Dowell Site Office Tram Barn, Hackney

Road

Tuesday 4th APRIL 2017

5.30 PM

ARTC – Automatic Train Management

System (ATMS)

Hilton Hotel, 264 South Road, Hilton SA

(Corner of Sir Donald Bradman Drive)

Thursday 4th MAY 2017

5.45PM

Real time optimization of arrival times within

timing windows

Engineers Australia, Level 11, 108, King William

Street, Adelaide 5000

Thursday 1st JUNE 2017 (deferred and TBA)

Possible site tour of flashbutt welding and

One steel

Port Augusta and Whyalla (TBA)

Thursday 6th JULY 2017 5.30PM

State of the art in light rail transportation

technology

Engineers Australia, Level 11, 108, King William

Street, Adelaide 5000

Thursday 3rd AUGUST 2017 5.45PM PWI Awards Dinner



Thursday 7th SEPTEMBER 2017 5:45PM IRSE/RTSA/PWI

Joint Meeting



Thursday 5th OCTOBER 2017 5:45PM

100th year Anniversary of Trans Australia

Railway



21-23 November 2017 AUSRAIL PLUS Brisbane

Thursday 30th NOVEMBER 2017

6:00PM RTSA SA Division

AGM Hyde Park Tavern, Unley

Thursday 7th DECEMBER 2017 6:00PM

PWI SA Division AGM TBA

2017 RTSA Meetings will be nominally on the FIRST THURSDAY of each month from February to December. Any

changes will be advised in the Newsletter, or if a last minute affair then by special notice. Presentations in black are

confirmed those in red are provisional at this time of publication. Any reader with suggestions for a presentation that

is topical and relates to the overall objectives of RTSA should contact Barry Aw (see last page for contact details).

2017 RTSA MEETINGS AND EVENTS


The SA Chapter Committee for 2017 comprises:

OFFICE HOLDERS POSITION EMAIL

Phillip Campbell Chair [email protected]

Gary Sharpe Secretary [email protected]

Barry Aw Treasurer [email protected]

Kuldeep Zala Committee member [email protected]

David Ogucha Committee member [email protected]

Mark Jordan Committee member [email protected]

Few positions available Committee member TBA

For matters directly related to the running of RTSA please contact the appropriate office holder as listed

above. For general matters or membership enquiries you should contact:

RTSA SA Chapter, Engineers Australia, Level 11, 108, King William Street, Adelaide, SA, 5000

The easiest way to submit contributions for the Newsletter is by e-mail to the Editor

[email protected] or alternatively to [email protected].

Engineers Australia members are reminded that attendance at RTSA technical meetings and events contributes towards CPD requirements. Each RTSA technical meeting generally has a value of 1 CPD point.

ED FRIENDS ARE MOST WELCOME TO

RTSA CONTACT AND SOCIETY DETAILS

This Newsletter is published by the SA Chapter of RTSA. Opinions do not necessarily reflect those of the Institution, Society, Chapter or Editor.

Items from this Newsletter may be reproduced provided they are appropriately acknowledged to

the RTSA SA Chapter Newsletter.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

rtsa sa chapter newsletter · rtsa sa chapter newsletter august 2017 edition as we enter the latter...

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