rumblin’ – bumblin’ – stumblin’ showdown of water policy at the ‘hooch donn rodekohr...
TRANSCRIPT
Rumblin’ – Bumblin’ – Stumblin’
Showdown of Water Policy at the ‘Hooch
Donn Rodekohr
James Hairston
Auburn University
Water is a constraining resource
• Federal Water Policy is summed up in 6 words:– It is up to the States– Differing water policies
originate from differing assumptions
– Differing assumptions originate from differing objectives
Eastern Water Doctrine
• Basic Assumption – Water is a nearly
inexhaustible
– Based upon English Law of Riparian Rights
• 13 Colonies codified “Riparian Rights”– Water right is tied
to land ownership
– “Reasonable Use”
– Conflicts settled through mutual consent
RESOURCE
Eastern Water Doctrine
• Objective of the Doctrine -- Protection
– Surface water was protected as a power source for mills.
– Transportation is well supported• Stream volumes allowed heavy loading
– Consumptive uses were restricted to human consumption
Western Water Doctrine
• Colorado codified western water law– All use of water
requires an allocation that is granted by the State
• Temporal order of allocation
• Type of use • Conflicts settled
by rule
• Assumption– There is NOT
enough water to go around.
– Based upon Spanish Law of prior appropriation
– Water is treated as a
COMMODITY
Western Water Doctrine
• Objective of the Doctrine – Fair Distribution– Water was viewed as a commodity– Development involved moving
water– Large scale western water
developments caused a massive migration of agriculture
Mutual Problems
• Riparian Doctrine views water as a publicly held RESOURCE
• Western Doctrine views water as a publicly managed COMMODITY
• Water evades the categorical definitions and in fact is part of each.– COMMODI-source– RESOUR-dity– CROEMSMOOUDRICTEY
So what’s this got to do with the ‘Hooch?
(The 100th meridian approaches. Aridity takes on many forms…)
My assumption has been violated!
• Western Doctrine Assumption– There is not enough water
• What happens when there IS enough water?– All allocated users get to use the water as
needed. – Water flows meet instream needs– “Excess” water is commonly captured and
stored for later allocation• Western interpretation of “conservation”
– Hydrologic data are updated– Lawyers lease the house in the Bahamas
My assumption has been violated!
• Eastern Doctrine Assumption– Water abundance is inexhaustible
• What happens when water supplies are stressed and rivers can’t deliver?– Wait (and pray) for rain– All water withdrawals are supposed to
reduce their uses equitably– Injured parties have to document their
damage and prove the case• States scramble to develop hydro databases• Preference is given to mass
– Lawyers pay for the house in the Bahamas
My assumption has been violated!
100th Meridia
n
– Virtually every population model shows continued growth in the SE
– Climate prediction models show decreasing rainfall in the SE
– Several “wet” states (VA, OH, MO) are “westernizing” water code
• The Riparian Doctrine does not react well to these scenarios
What happens if the abundance does not or cannot return?
(Major climate shifts are coincident with new releases of Microsoft Windows…)
Results of Increasing Stress on Water Supplies
• The Federal Water Policy is “hands off” until– Endangered species impacts
– Interstate conflicts arise
• Interstate Compacts– ACF: Apalachicola – Chattahoochee – Flint
– ACT: Alabama – Coosa – Tallapoosa
– Both are agreements to come to an agreement
Verbiage in the Compact legislation• for the purposes of promoting interstate
comity, removing causes of present and future controversies, equitably apportioning the surface waters of the ACF, engaging in water planning, and developing and sharing common data bases.
• (b) `Allocation formula' – al·lo·cate 1 : to apportion for a specific
purpose or to particular persons or things : DISTRIBUTE
– 2 : to set apart or earmark : DESIGNATE– ap·por·tion : to divide and share out
according to a plan; especially : to make a proportionate division or distribution of
Western Water Doctrin
e!!
Alabama Water Code
• “allocate” is used 56 times, all referring to distribution of funds.
• “apportion” is used once, referring to taxes.
• The Alabama Water Code has no mechanism to address allocating or
apportioning water.
Water Doctrine Shootout at the ‘Hooch
• The Tri-State Water War is a natural outgrowth of the Riparian Doctrine when the assumptions have been violated.
• Interstate compacts assume that the States have controlling authority over water.
• Comity among the states does not exist
Where is this Water War going?
• No where– Wait for rain– Nothing will change but the litigation
continues– Lawyers pay for the yacht in the
Bahamas
Where is this Water War going?
• No where
• Feds are forced to take control– Nobody wants this but it is an option for
the courts– Implement Water Basin Controls
– Lawyers pay for the 2nd yacht in the Bahamas
Where is this Water War going?
• No where• Feds are forced to take control• One TriState westernizes water policy
– Accumulate data on hydrology and flows
– Develop a water use plan
– Implements allocation and appropriation
– Comity among the states is no laughing matter
– Lawyers buy the Bahamas
Rumblin’Bumblin’
Stumblin’
Water Conservation is more than Hydrology
• Importance of Water Policy increases proportionately with the stress applied to water supplies.– Need Consistency and certainty– Need to address market forces and
incentives– Need to be able to reallocate water
• Need a “12-Step” program to initiate new water policy.
Water Policy 12 Step Program1) Admit that I am addicted to water.2) Believe that a Power greater than ourselves requires us to be good stewards.3) Decide to manage the waters of the State of Alabama.4) Make a searching and fearless inventory of water resources within the state.5) Admit to ourselves that we can do a better job of stewarding these resources
by producing a comprehensive Water Plan for Alabama.6) Develop the political will to remove shortcomings identified in the Water
Plan.7) Convene teams of experts to develop mechanisms to overcome shortcomings.8) Make a list of all the water users (stakeholders) in the state and educate them.9) Preserve the rights of instream uses, except when doing so would injure them
or others.10) Continue to diligently monitor and manage the allocated resources.11) Continuously seek improved ways to conserve, preserve, and restore water
quality and quantity.12) Having awakened the Sleeping Giant of Alabama’s water resources, assume
the leadership role of water management within the Tri-States.