russian society and culture 1450-1750 lesson 6. main ideas: “the time warp”: mongol rule in...
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Russian Russian Society Society
and and CultureCulture
1450-1750 Lesson 61450-1750 Lesson 6
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Main Ideas:Main Ideas:• ““The Time Warp”: Mongol rule in The Time Warp”: Mongol rule in
Russia led to social & cultural Russia led to social & cultural retardation—Russia in 1500 is identical retardation—Russia in 1500 is identical to Russia in 1200to Russia in 1200
• Ivan IV & the Romanov dynasty Ivan IV & the Romanov dynasty established autocratic rule with the established autocratic rule with the boyars & the Orthodoxy in supportboyars & the Orthodoxy in support
• Russian society relied on coercive Russian society relied on coercive labor to provide for its needslabor to provide for its needs
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Geographic IssuesGeographic Issues• Vast territoryVast territory• Extreme environmental challengesExtreme environmental challenges• No natural barriers = No natural barriers = constantconstant
invasioninvasion
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The Nature of the The Nature of the Russian AutocracyRussian Autocracy
• Czar vs. Czar vs. boyarsboyars::– boyarsboyars in control until in control until
Ivan IVIvan IV– Ivan III: Orthodox Church Ivan III: Orthodox Church
is the key—they control the is the key—they control the people!people!
– Aristocracy concedes to Aristocracy concedes to Czar in theory, but often Czar in theory, but often have him “removed”have him “removed”
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Russian SerfdomRussian Serfdom• Carried over from pre-Carried over from pre-
Mongol ruleMongol rule• Russia & the West:Russia & the West:
– Europe, 1450-1750:Europe, 1450-1750: rapid rapid pop. growth & urbanizationpop. growth & urbanization
– Russia:Russia: economically economically behind, sticks to agriculturebehind, sticks to agriculture
– Russian food imports to W. Russian food imports to W. Europe>>solidifies ag. Europe>>solidifies ag. econ. and thus, serfdomecon. and thus, serfdom
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Russian SerfdomRussian Serfdom• 1400-1800: half of pop. 1400-1800: half of pop.
enserfed to enserfed to boyarsboyars, , another 40% owes some another 40% owes some allegiance to stateallegiance to state
• Similarities to Western Similarities to Western Serfdom:Serfdom:– worked manor-like estatesworked manor-like estates
– could form village govts.could form village govts.
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Russian SerfdomRussian Serfdom• Contrasts to Western Contrasts to Western
Serfdom:Serfdom:– could be bought and soldcould be bought and sold
– no legal protection against no legal protection against abuseabuse
– Law Code of 1649—Law Code of 1649—abolished freedom for abolished freedom for runawaysrunaways
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Russian Serfdom vs. Latin Russian Serfdom vs. Latin American LaborAmerican Labor
• Comparisons:Comparisons:– used for large-scale estate used for large-scale estate
agriculture or miningagriculture or mining– can be exchanged freelycan be exchanged freely– Obrok:Obrok: similar to Spanish similar to Spanish
mitamita system – labor system – labor obligation (owed labor to obligation (owed labor to landlords or govt)landlords or govt)
– subject to abuse at owners’ subject to abuse at owners’ whimwhim
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Russian Serfdom vs. Latin Russian Serfdom vs. Latin American LaborAmerican Labor
• Contrasts:Contrasts:– have some legal status have some legal status
(taxes)(taxes)– typically aren’t worked to typically aren’t worked to
deathdeath– can organize as a can organize as a
communitycommunity– enslaved by other Russians!enslaved by other Russians!
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Russia at 1750Russia at 1750• Legitimate world powerLegitimate world power
– large pop., strong ag. large pop., strong ag. producer, large militaryproducer, large military
• Developmentally behind Developmentally behind Europe (and not sure they Europe (and not sure they want to catch up)want to catch up)
• Are we Western or Eastern?Are we Western or Eastern?