Safety for Frontline Supervisors

August 9, 2011

Table of Contents

● OSHA

● Required Written and Training Programs

● Personal Protective Equipment

● Walking/Working Surfaces

● Machine Guarding

● Lockout/Tagout

● Electrical

● Hazard Communication

● Emergency Egress

● Powered Industrial Trucks

● Industrial Hygiene

● Ergonomics

3

OSHA● Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

● “To assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions…”

● Everyone must comply with OSHA Standards.

● OSHA can be enforced by either the Federal or State Government depending on the state – Arkansas is a Federal State for OSHA.

● The Federal OSHA website is www.osha.gov.

● OSHA Inspection Priorities are as follows:o Imminent dangero Catastrophes and fatal accidentso Employee complaintso High hazard industries

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Reason for OSHA

● Annual Statistics:o About 6,000 deaths from workplace injurieso An estimated 50,000 deaths from illnesses cause by workplace

exposureso 6 million non-fatal workplace injurieso Injuries alone cost U.S. businesses more than $125 billion

5

Impact of OSHA Since 1970

● Cut the work-related fatality rate in half

● Reduced overall injury and illness rates in industries where OSHA concentrated its attention

● Virtually eliminated brown lung disease in the textile industry, and

● Reduced trenching and excavation fatalities by 35 percent

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Functions of OSHA

● Encourages employers and employees to reduce workplace hazards and implement new or improve existing safety and health programs

● Develops and enforces mandatory job safety and health standards

● Maintains a reporting and recordkeeping system to monitor job-related injuries and illnesses

● Provides assistance, training and other support programs to help employers and workers

7

OSHA Standards

● OSHA is responsible for writing and enforcing standards that employers must follow

● Where OSHA has not issued specific standards, employers are responsible for following the OSH Act's “General Duty Clause”

● States with OSHA-approved programs must set standards at least as effective as federal standards

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OSHA Workers’ Page

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OSHA Inspection Process

● CSHO displays official credentials

● Opening conference

● Walk around inspection

● Closing conference

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OSHA Emergency Hot-Line1-800-321-OSHA

● Hot-line for reporting workplace safety or health emergencies

● Provides a 24-hour point of contact to report imminent dangers on the job

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Sources of Assistance for Small Businesses

● OSHA Office of Small Business Assistanceo http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/osba/index.html

● OSHA Compliance Assistance Quick Starto http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/compliance_assistance/quickstarts/

general_industry/index_gi.html

● OSHA Small Business Handbooko http://www.osha.gov/Publications/smallbusiness/small-business.html

● Safety & Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP)o Arkansas Department of Labor OSHA Consultation Division

• http://www.arkansas.gov/labor/divisions/osha_p1.html

● Workers’ Compensation Carrier

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Required Written and Training Programs

● All Workplaces● General Safety● Hazard Abatement● Hazard Communication● Emergency Action Plans● Fire Protection● Recordkeeping

● Hospital/Clinical● Bloodborne Pathogens● Industrial Environments● Powered Industrial Trucks● Cranes● Hot Works● Lockout/Tagout● Electrical● Confined Space● Bloodborne Pathogens● Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

● PPE is the last line of defense

● Engineering controls are preferable:o Initial design specificationso Substitute less harmful materialo Change processo Enclose processo Isolate processo Ventilation

● Work practice controls are also preferable:o Use of wet methods to suppress dusto Personal hygieneo Housekeeping and maintenanceo Job rotation of workers

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

● Establish a PPE Program by:o Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part

of an employer’s routine operationo Assess the workplace to determine if hazards are presento Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide

training

● Training must include:o When PPE is necessaryo What type of PPE is necessaryo How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wearo Limitations of the PPEo Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal

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Walking/Working Surfaces

● Housekeepingo Workroom floors must be maintained as clean and dry as

possibleo Workplaces must be kept clean, orderly, and sanitary

● Aisleso Keep clear and move obstructions that could create a hazardo Mark permanent aisles and passagewayso Aisles must be sufficiently wide where mechanical handling

equipment is used

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Walking/Working Surfaces

● Open-sided floors or platforms 4 feet or more above adjacent floor or ground level must be guarded by a standard railing on all open sides

● A toeboard is required when, beneath the open sides:o persons can pass,o there is moving machinery, oro there is equipment with which falling materials

could create a hazard

● Standard railing. Consists of top rail, mid rail, and posts. Height from the upper surface of top rail to floor level is 42 inches. Mid rail height is 21 inches.

● Standard toeboard. 4 inches high, with not more than ¼-inch clearance above the floor.

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Machine Guarding

● Any machine part, function, or process which may cause injury must be safeguarded

● Point of operation

● All parts of the machine which move, such as:o flywheels, pulleys, belts, couplings, chains, cranks, gears, etc.o feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine

● In-running nip points

● Point-of-Operation is defined as where the work is performed on the material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming of stock

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Machine Guarding

● Requirements for Machine Guards:o Prevent contact - prevent worker’s body or

clothing from contacting hazardous moving partso Secure - firmly secured to machine and not easily

removedo Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects can fall

into moving partso Create no new hazards - must not have shear points,

jagged edges or unfinished surfaceso Create no interference - must not prevent worker from

performing the job quickly and comfortablyo Allow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricate the

machine without removing the safeguards

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Types of Machine Guards

● Guardso fixed

o interlocked

o adjustable

o self-adjusting

● Deviceso presence sensing

o pullback

o restraint

o safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand control, etc.)

o gates

● Location/distance● Feeding and ejection methods

o automatic and/or semi-automatic feed and ejection

o robots

● Miscellaneous aidso awareness barriers

● protective shieldso hand-feeding tools

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Machine Guarding

● Holding Tools

● Used to place and remove stock in the danger area

● Not to be used instead of other machine safeguards, but as a supplement

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Lockout/Tagout

● Lockout/Tagout is a technique used to prevent the release of hazardous energy, or to prevent the hazardous energy from escaping while machinery or equipment is being maintained

● Five main causes of injuries with Lockout/Tagouto Failure to stop equipmento Failure to disconnect from power sourceo Failure to dissipate (bleed, neutralize) residual energyo Accidental restarting of equipmento Failure to clear work areas before restarting

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Lockout/Tagout

● Sources of Energy to Controlo Electrical

• Generated• Static

o Mechanical• Transitional• Rotational

o Thermal• Machines or Equipment• Chemical Reactions

o Potential• Pressure

– Hydraulic– Pneumatic– Vacuum

• Springs• Gravity

● Energy Control Deviceso Plug Locks

o Ball Valve Lockout

o Gate Valve Lockout

o Group Lockout Hasp

o Electrical

o Hydraulic, pneumatic, and other pressurized systems

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Electrical

● There are four main types of electrical injuries:o Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)o Electrical shocko Burnso Falls

● Severity of the shock depends on:o Path of current through the bodyo Amount of current flowing through the bodyo Length of time the body is in the circuit

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Electrical Hazards

● Hazardso Inadequate wiringo Exposed electrical partso Wires with bad insulationo Ungrounded electrical systems and toolso Overloaded circuitso Damaged power tools and equipmento Using the wrong PPE and toolso Overhead powerlines

● All hazards are made worse in wet conditions

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Countermeasures to Electrical Hazards

● Proper grounding

● Using GFCIs

● Using fuses and circuit breakers

● Guarding live parts

● Proper use of flexible cords

● Training

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Hazard Communication

● Written Program Requirementso Describes container labeling, MSDSs, and employee training for

each workplace o List of the hazardous chemicalso Make information regarding hazards and protective measures

available to other employers onsite

● Chemical Labels Must Includeo Identity of the chemicalo Appropriate hazard warningso Name and address of the responsible party

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Emergency Egress

● A continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way (a street, yard, court or other open space leading to the street)

● Three parts to an escape route:o the way of exit access;o the exit; ando the way of exit discharge.

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Powered Industrial Trucks

● Written certification program

● Classroom training

● Hands-on training

● Written evaluation

● Operations evaluation

● Inspection of equipment

● Refueling/recharging

● Proper storage

● Ventilation

● PPE

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Industrial Hygiene

● Ventilationo Directo General

● Air samplingo Dustso Fumeso Vaporso Gases

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Ergonomics

● Workstation Designo Neutral position

● Lighting● Adjustable heights● Seats versus standing● Anti-fatigue mats● Tools/Equipment

● In-line tools● Padding● Pallet lift tables● Job rotation● Stretching exercises

Questions

The information contained herein is confidential information to and is the exclusive property of Staffmark, its parent company, CBS Personnel Holdings, Inc., (and its subsidiaries: Staffmark Investment LLC, CBS Personnel Services, LLC, CBS Personnel Services, LLC dba “Venturi

Staffing,” and Kilgore Group, Inc.) and is only to be used by Recipient in evaluating the services of such entities. Neither the documents nor the contents of the documents are to be used,

reproduced or disclosed, in whole or in part, by Recipient without the expressed written permission of Staffmark or CBS Personnel Holdings, Inc. The information should be destroyed or returned to

Discloser when no longer needed.