Escola de Arquitetura da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo

Neighborhood Impact Studies of a Neighborhood Impact Studies of a Neighborhood Impact Studies of a Neighborhood Impact Studies of a

hospital installation at Jardim hospital installation at Jardim hospital installation at Jardim hospital installation at Jardim

Teresópolis Betim Teresópolis Betim Teresópolis Betim Teresópolis Betim ---- MGMGMGMG

Gerson J. M. Freire, MsCGerson J. M. Freire, MsC

Sheyla Santana, MsC.Sheyla Santana, MsC.

Lucas L. Saliba Lucas L. Saliba

Fernanda C. FerreiraFernanda C. Ferreira

Teresópolis Betim Teresópolis Betim Teresópolis Betim Teresópolis Betim ---- MGMGMGMG

Introduction

• There are two world historic marks that

stand out in relation with the evolution of

the environmental issues:

–National Environmental Policy Act

(NEPA) - United States, 1969.

–United Nations Conference about

Development and Environment -

Stockholm, 1972.

Introduction

• The Environmental Impact Assessment -

EIA in Brazil was regulated in 1986 and

ratified by the National Constitution of

1988.1988.

• EIA is defined as an instrument and

process with the objective to identify,

preview and interpret the consequences

about environment determined by a

human being action.

Introduction

• In 2001, the government established the

instrument Neighborhood Impact Study,

through the national law known as City

Statute.Statute.

• Main Purpose of NIS:

–To identify and analyze specific local

impacts and on components of the built

environment covering the neighborhood,

due to the deployment and operation of

urban business.

Introduction• Issues must be included by EIV

1. Population shift;

2. Surcharge over urban and community equipments;

3. Possible changes of land use and occupation;occupation;

4. Real estate valuation/devaluation;

5. New traffic generation and demands for public transport;

6. Ventilation, insolation and lighting;

7. Changes on urban landscape and natural and cultural patrimony.

Introduction

• The study shows the development of a

Neighborhood Impact Study obtained from

the use of geotechnology to create of the

diagnostic and prognostic area slum, diagnostic and prognostic area slum,

where it will be installed a hospital.

Methodology

• Combination between methodologies Ad

Hoc and dedicated application through the

use of GIS operators.

• Methodology Ad Hoc• Methodology Ad Hoc

–Effects identified through brainstorming.

• Dedicated application

–Development of mapping and modeling

of landscape elements and possible

changes introduced from the installation

of the project.

Methodology

• Primary data collected;

–Survey in the area;

–documents provided by the city

government; government;

– images from orbital sensors.

Methodology

• Analysis of the potencially degrading

sources of the neighborhood quality was

made from the study data.

• Evaluation of positive and negative effects • Evaluation of positive and negative effects

brought to the neighborhood by the project

installation made through NIS

Case Study

• Location: Jardim Teresópolis

neighborhood, Betim city, in the

metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas

Gerais. Gerais.

• City´s economy: expansion of the

petrochemical and automotive factory.

Case Study

Fig. 1 – Map showing the location of Jardim Teresópolis - Betim - Minas

Gerais, Brazil

Case Study

• Original Jardim Teresópolis´ setllement

was made formally. However, the

industrial expansion in the city caused a

informal housing boom across the region, informal housing boom across the region,

including Jardim Teresópolis

neighborhood.

Land Use

Fig. 2. Land use, for the project’s influence area

Land use

• Characteristics of the predominant

occupation in the District

–area of irregular occupation and semi-

disordered;disordered;

–pressures on natural resources and

infrastructure.

Building´s tipology

• 90% of the area is formed of two floors

buildings;

• formation of subsystems within the courts • formation of subsystems within the courts

and;

• single-family homes.

Structural configuration

Fig. 3. Land use and structural configuration.

Weather Protection

• Weather protection

–Ranking

State of

preservation

Weather protection

materials used

Percentage of

occupied plot

Bad Masonry with apparent Construction of Bad Masonry with apparent

brickwork

Construction of

entire plot

Average Plaster over brickwork Construction on 80

to 90 % of plot

Good Painting over plastered

brickwork;

Ceramic and other finer

weather protection materials.

Construction on up

until 80 % of plot’s

total size

Tab. 1- Criteria for building pattern classification on the influence area

Weather protection

Fig. 4. Building’s weather protection patterns

Effects over population

shift

–The implementation of development can

cause direct increase in population

density area. density area.

–One can anticipate the possible

scenarios of urban transformations that

lead to the increase or attenuation of

high density prior processes.

Results Found

• Effects on the use and occupation

–Although the project is not considered a

large generator of land use conflicts,

planners should be aware of changes, planners should be aware of changes,

since the area is already very dense,

and there may be pressure for creation

of new uses.

Results Found

• Effects on the population density

– Importance of titling in urban planning

for the region;

– improvement of living conditions.– improvement of living conditions.

Conclusions

• The licensing of the enterprises should

also consider the multiplicity of activities

already implemented and the elements

present in the urban area to allow present in the urban area to allow

impacted meet the new demands arising.

Conclusions

• Through the NIS, it is possible to conclude

that the installation of Teresópolis Hospital

generates impacts easily recognized in

relation to the use of soil and questions relation to the use of soil and questions

relating to population density.

• The situations of the greatest conflicts are

generated by non-securitized residential

uses that impede improvements in the

process of urbanization.

Conclusions

• The real state increase of value, which is

originated in the implementation of the

hospital, will be a positive impact to renew

a poor urban area, fulfilling the social

function of property and the city.function of property and the city.

• The resulting value should return to public

coffers through the mechanisms provided

in the City Statute, acting to prevent the

shape and flows in the cities will be

exclusive result of the action of market

forces.

Thank you!

Gerson J M Freire

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Belo Horizonte – Brasil

gersonj@ufmg.br