secrets, magic, and quantum computing...• not magic quantum mechanics limits what is knowable •...
TRANSCRIPT
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Secrets, Magic, and Quantum Computing
Dr. Aaron VanDevenderChief ScientistFounders Fund
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Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
-Arthur C. Clarke
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The Force
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Magic is powered by belief
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Cryptography is Literally Magic
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RSA Public Key Cryptography• Rivest, Shamir, Adelman invented in
1977• Uses a one-way function• Based on un-proven mathematical
conjecture that large numbers are hard to factor into their primes.
• Used for secrecy, signing, authentication, irrefutability
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Belief Security
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Secrets
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Trust
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Alice, Bob, & Eve
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Digital Signatures
• Software updates• Website spoofing• Email authentication
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Shor’s Algorithm
• First useful quantum algorithm (1994)• Turns factoring into a periodicity problem• Polynomial time• Will be the last to be implemented
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Quantum mechanics is the cause of—and solution to—all life’s problems.
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Quantum Key Distribution
• Charles Bennett, Gilles Brassard, Artur Ekert, et al.• Great for secrecy• Bad for trust• Not magic
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Quantum mechanics limits what is knowable
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle• Cannot measure position and momentum at the same time• The universe keeps secrets
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No cloning theorem• Quantum states cannot be copied• Attempting to measure alters the state• WPA2 KRACK
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Public Key Infrastructure
• Web of Trust• State distribution contrary to no-cloning• State estimation
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Reversible Computation
• Irreversible computation embeddable in reversible
• Quantum computation superset of classical
• Energy loss during erasure• Time reversal symmetry
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Rubik’s Cube
• Reversible• Linear transformations • Operations are rotations• Don’t create or destroy information
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• Require irreversibility• One-way functions• Hash functions• Fully avalanched
Cryptography Primitives
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BitCoin• SHA-256 vulnerable to Grover’s algorithm• Only quadratic• Signed transactions are vulnerable• New network design
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Quantum Money
• Stephen Weisner, Scott Aaronson, Paul Christiano, Andrew Lutomirski, et al.
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Post-quantum cryptography• Lattice codes• Error correcting codes• Multivariate codes• Magic! (but maybe stronger magic)
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Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem
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The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.
-Arthur C. Clarke
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Thank you!