Open SOurce InSpIreS cOllabOratIOn In academIa Landmark technology breakthroughs in computing frequently arise from a wellspring of ideas in universities and research centers around the world, generating discoveries and advances to lead this generation toward solving the challenges of the future. Applying open-source principles to academic pursuits accelerates technology innovation and brings together top professionals and researchers in key areas of exploration, bypassing intellectual property considerations that may otherwise impede research progress. Intel’s investments in university research, built around a collaborative, open intellectual property (open IP) model, help plant the seeds for future technology breakthroughs—and inspire the next generation of software engineers.

The most publicly visible offshoot of this approach, the Intel Science and Technology Centers (ISTCs) and Intel Collaborative Research Institutes (ICRIs) are affiliated with major universities around the world, conducting research efforts in strategic areas of computing. Topics range from the pragmatic concerns of secure computing and big data analytics to the futuristic possibilities of pervasive computing and the Internet of Things.

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the philosophy of Open Ip Shared knowledge, particularly at the university level, provides the fastest, most direct route to discovery and technology breakthroughs. For this reason, the academic centers embrace a philosophy of open IP, ensuring that the research funded by Intel has the widest possible impact on the industry. Open IP also helps ensure that discoveries will be used to strengthen open standards, provide a foundation to launch commercial products and services, and encourage the collaborative spirit of open-source development around the world, igniting sparks of innovation.

The results of research projects will be publicly available through technical publications and online communication channels. Most applications and libraries developed during these projects will be available as open-source software releases. Collaboration—and its enabling relationship to innovation—lies at the heart of this worldwide university research network that spans the united States, europe, and Asia.

Much of the research accomplished in Intel Science and Technology Centers and Intel Collaborative research Institutes leads directly to technology advances in commercial industries. Work continues at universities

and through alliances to create a Linux*-based automotive embedded platform,

add context-awareness to vehicle operation, and improve the safety and drivability of automobiles. Context-aware vehicle charging is a feature of the prototype shown on the left, which appeared at the 10th annual Research at Intel event.

seeding future technology breakthroughs

Investing Intellectual capital in the next GenerationThrough these academic research centers, Intel is injecting more than USD 140 million over five years into joint academic research projects around the world. Although the bulk of this investment represents direct funding to the universities, Intel also contributes significant technology expertise: up to four dedicated Intel researchers per research community who work hand-in-hand with the university professors and students.

These researchers:

• Determine the research agenda collaboratively with their university partners

• Help bring Intel® technology and insight to bear in support of the projects

• Collaborate on specific projects

• Help translate research discoveries into practical products and services

encouraging multidisciplinary collaborationA “hub” university guides each center or institute that Intel Labs establishes, and project talent is augmented by several “spoke” schools, bringing together a coalition of the top researchers in their individual fields. Projects span multiple universities to encourage open, multidisciplinary collaboration.

balancing Focused research with Open exploration Intel Labs strives to create a balanced academic research portfolio composed of both focused and exploratory programs. The centers are designed specifically to conduct research and investigate promising technologies at the exploratory end of the spectrum. each research community is organized around a topic chosen for its long-range strategic relevance. each topical research agenda, co-designed with a university partner, is formulated to elicit fresh research perspectives, unexpected opportunities, and game-changing insights. Within this context, research breakthroughs can lead to commercial products or technology advances in a wide span of industries. In most cases, Intel Labs will internally re-interpret, validate, and explore the university research results in an innovation pipeline that eventually leads to practical products and services from its business units. In other cases, the research will find a place outside of the company where it has broader implications for the industry and for society. Both paths can be accelerated through use of an open-source model.

community

The energy, time, and people that Intel is puttin

g into the Intel

Science and Technology Centers help

energize the students. They see real pillars

of industry caring about what’s going on

and, in fact, bringing interesting problems

and then digging in and working with us

on them. It makes it a lot of fun.

— Professor Greg Ganger, Principal Investigator,

ISTC for Cloud Computing, Carnegie Mellon University

““

Spoke Universities

huB unIverSITy

InTeL LABS

Intel + Academic

Co-Principal Investigators

It’s not just about the ecosystem inside every center; it’s the ecosystem of the collective Intel university collaboration network—none of us has to go it alone. We can all build off of the expertise that each of us individually has as a center. It’s an open IP model of a different kind. And because there are different disciplines and expertise in different areas, it’s as interdisciplinary an ecosystem as you could ever build.

– Professor Priya Narasimhan, Principal Investigator, ISTC for Embedded Computing, Carnegie Mellon University

““

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community

collaborate

academic research Sites around the WorldAs shown in the map below, the academic centers that Intel sponsors span the globe.

• Intel Science and Technology Center for Big Data, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, united States

• Intel Science and Technology Center for Cloud Computing, Carnegie Mellon university, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, united States

• Intel Science and Technology Center for embedded Computing, Carnegie Mellon university, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, united States

• Intel Science and Technology Center for visual Computing, Stanford university, Stanford, California, united States

• Intel Science and Technology Center for Secure Computing, university of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, united States

• Intel Science and Technology Center for Pervasive Computing, university of Washington, Seattle, Washington, united States

• universal Parallel Computing research Center, uC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, united States

• Intel visual Computing Institute, Saarland university, Saarbruecken, germany

TU–DarmstadtSaarlandUniversity

Imperial College/University College,

London

NationalTaiwan

University

Technion and Hebrew University, Jerusalem

StanfordUniversity

University ofWashington

Carnegie MellonUniversity

MIT

UC Berkeley

• Intel Collaborative research Institute for Sustainable and Connected Cities, Imperial College London and university College London, england

• Intel Collaborative research Institute for Computational Intelligence, Technion and hebrew university, Jerusalem, Israel

• Intel Collaborative research Institute for Secure Computing, Tu-Darmstadt, Darmstadt, germany

• Intel-nTu Connected Context Computing Center, national Taiwan university, Taipei, Taiwan

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academic research projects changing the landscape of computing The academic research projects explored in this paper offer examples of the power of an Open IP model in facilitating collaboration that will lead to fundamental breakthroughs in some of the more challenging areas of computing technology, with the belief that shared knowledge encourages developers at any level to participate freely and collaboratively in contributing to the future of computing. Freed from legal and competitive obstacles—and the pressure of immediate productization—new ideas emerge organically and imaginatively.

Advances in big data storage and processing have made it possible to explore human and animal genomes in tremendous detail. These advances have also enabled accurate modeling of climate-change patterns, seamless image mapping of astronomical bodies rendered by stitching together thousands of separate image captures, and more precise weather prediction. The image on the left, courtesy of nASA goddard, shows hurricane Sandy as it moved along the u.S. east Coast.

big dataThe skyrocketing increase in the number of mobile Internet devices—including smartphones, tablets, and automotive information systems—and the emergence of the Internet of Things create a strong incentive to organize and extract intelligence from a flood of unstructured data. Over the next decade, businesses will need to absorb, analyze, and act upon orders of magnitude more data than they do today.

At the same time, processor capabilities are increasing substantially. Within the next decade, Intel plans to build a processor with more transistors on a single chip than neurons in the brain. Within the same period, as intelligent devices communicate with the cloud and more of the world’s population goes online, the feedback loops of interaction will drive a profound shift in the production and consumption of information. Hosted at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), the Big Data center sets its sights on this emerging challenge.

Much of the research at this center will be directed toward creating a new model for storing, accessing, and processing extremely high volumes of data—more than can be efficiently handled by conventional database management system algorithms. Improving analytics will be a central focus, involving machine learning, clustering, trend detection, and the processing of massive arrays that can potentially span hundreds of machines.

Our goal is to innovate and guide the work of this Big Data

center across multiple fields, from medical

to media, to extract meaning from large

amounts of data.— Justin Rattner, Chief Technology

Officer, Intel

““

Practical uses of this research include many scientific applications, such as genomics, satellite imagery, astronomy, and weather forecasting; auto insurance analytics that use sensor information from vehicles to reward safe driving practices; and business advertising placement strategies based on cluster customer sessions.

inspire

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innovate

cloud computingresearch into cloud computing aligns with Intel’s Cloud 2015 vision of federated, automated, and context-aware clouds and brings academic resources to bear on meeting the challenges of cloud computing—and big data in the cloud—in the coming generation.

One area of focused research within the Cloud Computing center is an assigning and scheduling framework, known as graphLab, used to build and execute applications for managing the ever-increasing volumes of data in the cloud. Other areas include the creation of programming frameworks that enable adaptive placement of computation points between an edge device, such as a smartphone, and the cloud to address latencies and improve the user experience, as well as the invention of schedulers and specialization engines aimed at solving the management issues that arise in heterogeneous server environments.

advancing cloud Services across multiple data centers

Collaborative research on the open cloud is moving the entire industry forward to improve the design, provisioning, and management of cloud services across multiple data centers. The centerpiece of this work, the Open Cirrus project, provides a global cloud computing research test bed, which gives researchers a means to experiment with tools and best practices, as well as share knowledge and perform benchmarking. Intel, hP, and yahoo! provide corporate backing for this open-source project. Intel’s Open Cirrus cluster alone incorporates 1508 cores across 210 servers, supporting more than 40 projects and over 100 users. using Open Cirrus testbeds, the ISTC for Cloud Computing collaborates with the ISTC for visual Computing and the ISTC for embedded Computing to advance cloud application research.

addressing the Framework for big data

One project at the Cloud Computing center focuses on graphLab as a programming framework that makes it easier and more efficient to build and execute big data applications. Professor greg ganger at Carnegie Mellon university explained, “graphLab is incredibly efficient when you have connections between items in your data—say friends in Facebook* or followers in Twitter*—and you want to understand characteristics of the social environment, in the context of a community.”

The Cloud Computing center is really exciting because the hype a

round cloud

computing is ahead of the reality. There are all these

promises about what you’re going to get from cloud computing that can’t actua

lly be

delivered yet. And what that means is everybody that does cloud computing is paying attentio

n to what we’re doing because they need the

answers we’re producing in order to build the systems that deliver the promises that have already b

een made.

—Professor Greg Ganger, ISTC for Cloud Computing, Carnegie Mellon University“ “inspire

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connected context computing Initiated by the government’s national Science Counsel, and jointly funded by this Counsel, Intel, and National Taiwan university, research efforts at the national Taiwan university (nTu) Intel Collaborative research Institute facility explore the applications of machine-to-machine (M2M) connected context computing, which underlies the emerging Internet of Things.

The center operates on the premise that M2M technology will spark an information and communications technology revolution, similar to the way the Internet has transformed our lives. A report by harbor research1 predicts that “M2M [technology] will drive the largest organic growth opportunity in the history of business.” And with it will come new challenges, on which this center has set its sights, aimed at exploring new M2M technologies for the future.

The team at Intel-nTu plans to release the WuKong middleware that was built based on their self-configurable M2M management research. The WuKong project is exploring ways to create an intelligent solution that automatically loads and configures sensor devices as effective service components based on user context and execution policies. The middleware includes a flow-based program editor, a sensor capability framework, and a mapper to select the sensors for each functionality in the program. By releasing the middleware source code to the public, the team believes that it will help others implement flexible, context-aware M2M applications.

By adopting the philosophy of the open IP model, the team has gained transparency and furthered the efforts of other teams doing related research. Work done at Intel-nTu Connected Context Computing Center can be used by any

company (including those in Taiwanese industries) without licensing costs. Companies that build products based on Open IP work are eligible to file patent applications on their later innovations. This method is often used in long-term research, while in the short-term product development phase, each individual can have intellectual property rights. In this case, the efforts of companies that have built their own products based on the research are still protected. The concept of Open IP enables quick development and innovation, encouraging companies to develop and bring more solutions to market. ultimately, this helps transform the industry by capitalizing on the latest research discoveries.

Professor Jane hsu of the center commented, “We want to encourage much more international collaboration in terms of research that will have more impact in everyday life. As academics, we tend to stick to problems that are somewhat isolated and we can maybe produce many good research papers, but often times the academic community may not be thinking about the actual impact of the research. By bringing in the influence from Intel, I think we have benefited greatly in justifying what we do. And hopefully that will inspire people to create solutions that are not only ambitious, but also more practical.”

There are many standards governing the Internet,

but there are not as many governing the Internet of Things. Our goal is

to try to

define the technology of the future.

– Professor Jane Hsu, Intel-NTU Connected Context Com

puting Center, National Taiwan University“ “

1965Large Machine

1980 PC

1995Internet

2010 M2M

Figure 1. machine-to-machine (m2m) technology will spark another IT revolution.

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The open IP model allows us to crowdsource intellectual

impact in the form of tangible artifacts—software modules and hardware modules—that we can

all collectively use together. That means if somebody’s already invented

the wheel, I don’t need to

reinvent it—I can use it and build even bigger things on top o

f what they’ve already built.

– Professor Priya Narasimhan, ISTC for Embedded Computing, Carnegie Mellon University“ “

embedded computing embedded computing represents one of the most dynamic areas in computer technology today, as we move toward a future where connected, intelligent devices will help guide decisions and enhance our lives. This vision encompasses a vast range of devices: automotive information systems, microwaves, toasters, energy monitors in our homes, digital signage in retail centers, digital health monitors, security systems, and more. Information from both sensors and online resources will be combined, offering guidance and direction based on surroundings, activities, past behaviors, and requests. For example, data could be supplied to an in-vehicle infotainment system to locate a library or bookstore, offer restaurant recommendations, steer the

driver around a traffic snarl, identify a nearby specialty store, and choose music to play based on the preferences of the individuals traveling together in the vehicle.

researchers at the embedded Computing Center are working on projects to simplify the ways these devices can capture relevant data, process and analyze it in real time, and perform useful operations for people—specifically in the home, automotive, and retail. Two such projects focus on improving the efficiency of inventory management in retail stores through robotics, currently in use at the Carnegie Mellon university Bookstore, and reimagining the future of the automobile.

Open-Source robotics Code helps Build Andyvision

The Carnegie Mellon University personal robotics ROS packages, downloadable as open source code through SourceForge, include a collection of algorithms, a robot operating system, and drivers that let robots perform fundamental tasks, such as manipulating objects and vision. Developed in collaboration with Intel Labs, components of this package have already made it into real-world applications.

For example, students at the Embedded Computing Center constructed a retail robot as part of the AndyVision project that patrols aisles and surveys the shelves of the store to assess inventory. The plan is to transform what is now a manual task into a far more effective, real-time process. In turn, this project also emphasizes a much more immersive shopping experience for consumers through large digital signs and touch screen displays. The AndyVision project brings together the brain trust of Carnegie Mellon and Intel, and is inspired by Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, and Andy Grove.

crowdsourcing cars with a cause

“We’re thinking automotive 2020. We want to crowdsource cars with a cause,” said Professor Priya narasimhan of the ISTC for embedded Computing at Carnegie Mellon university. “every individual car on the road has some picture of what it’s doing. What if you could crowdsource the information from all the cars in real time? Suddenly, I have a real-time picture of a city, its traffic, road conditions, snowplowing conditions, the ways to get around, all the efficiency mechanisms, everything I ever wanted to know in real time.”

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Bringing virtual Characters— and Worlds—to Life

Researchers within the Visual Computing center at Stanford University are dramatically advancing the fidelity and behavior of virtual characters and associated materials, such as clothing, by endowing them with lifelike appearance and realistic motion and behavior, so they look and perform believably in real-time simulated environments. All models will be derived from basic physics, and success will enable compelling virtual shopping, new forms of marketing and social media, and advances in training, gaming, and highly realistic virtual worlds.

adding Intelligence to cameras

One of the current projects at the ISTC for Visual Computing at Stanford University focuses on building a more efficient camera system for a cell phone or mobile platform. Even though people can currently take pictures with the cameras in their cell phones, these cameras consume too much power to be left on all the time. “Suppose you could build a really power-efficient, image-processing pipeline so your camera could always be on and looking around,” said Professor Pat hanrahan, the principal investigator for ISTC for visual Computing. “If it sees somebody it knows, it might capture

the image. Or, you could point it at a menu and translate the words into a different language. Or, you could enable an application for augmented reality. If you have a lot more computing power, you can imagine all sorts of new types of applications. Cameras could become so much smarter in the future if we could put more computing power behind them.”

advancing Interactive 3d Graphics

A team working at Saarland university in germany as a part of Intel visual Computing Institute (Intel vCI) has made great advances in extending core web technologies to better support interactive 3D content. By leveraging existing web technologies, XML3D provides interactive 3D graphics that are portable, cross-platform, and dynamically rendered. BALLview, a collaborative, fully distributed molecular modeling engine using XML3D principles represents one successful project at Intel VCI that brings together researchers from around the world.

Visual computing The visual Computing center at Stanford university established the cooperative model that lies at the heart of the worldwide network of academic centers. The center focuses on enhancing computational photography; improving scalable, real-time simulations of people for entertainment and commerce; offering new techniques to recognize people and places by means of computer images; and creating computer content as a cooperative, social exercise. Intel also co-funds the research at the Intel visual Computing Institute, part of the Intel Labs europe network. Located at Saarland University in Germany, the institute collaborates on visual computing projects involving the acquisition, modeling, processing, transmission, rendering, and display of visual and associated data.

We’re doing a lot of work on simulating humans, which may

even have an impact on virtual surgery,

as an example. The ability to simulate

a surgical operation might help a doctor

perform better.

– Professor Pat Hanrahan, Principal Investigator,

ISTC for Visual Computing, Stanford University

““

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Studying mobile Security

researchers at the ISTC for Secure Computing are looking at how to help protect personal privacy while people are using their smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices. In looking at the world of mobile security, they discovered an interesting gap in people’s perceptions of security on their mobile phones compared to their laptops. As Professor David Wagner, principal investigator, ISTC for Secure Computing at university of California at Berkeley said, “People tend to feel safer with their laptops than with their phones, but, arguably, today’s

smartphones may actually be safer than your laptop. So people’s perceptions don’t always correspond to reality.” This discovery points the way to research that helps people feel—and be—safer using their mobile devices.

creating Safe Zones

One of the center’s focus areas is devising new ways to make computing on laptops and desktops safer for critical activities, such as online banking and transactions, by creating safe zones that provide additional protection. users can surf the web, watch youTube*, do whatever they like in their normal, day-to-day operations, and then navigate to these safe zones—putting their computers in a lockdown mode— to perform more critical tasks.

Forming a multidisciplinary community of Intel, faculty, and graduate student researchers will lead to fundamental breakthroughs in one of the most difficult and vexing areas of computing technology. – Justin Rattner, Chief Technology Officer, Intel

““

Secure computing The potential danger of malware and viruses creates an ongoing concern as the dependence on Internet-based information services increases. It also presents an obstacle to the advance of ubiquitous computing devices. Most people have become accustomed to sharing their personal information on social sites and through different services. Once access to private information has been granted, it becomes difficult to control.

With the Secure Computing Research for Users’ Benefit (SCRUB) program, initiated by the ISTC for Secure Computing, students focus on minimizing risks to safe computing and working on technologies that can alleviate the most sophisticated hacker assaults. This center addresses different ways to protect personal data that is distributed across the Internet and investigates techniques for maintaining better control over personal information and securing personal data from theft or exposure.

We have a chance to do so much security research

that’s focused on helping end users of computing—everyday folks who aren’t necessarily

technical experts—helping keep them safe. – Professor David Wagner, ISTC for Secure Computing, UC Berkeley“ “

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embree

embree, a collection of photo-realistic ray tracing kernels, is an open-source project initially developed by Intel Labs and shared with the community, and it provides a good example of Intel’s open-source spirit. Supported instruction sets in Intel® processors, including Intel® Streaming SIMD Extensions and Intel® Advanced Vector Extensions, can be used to accelerate many common rendering operations to produce computer-generated imagery that is indistinguishable from photographs. Software developers who incorporate the open-source embree ray tracing kernels into their applications can deliver a much higher degree of performance to end users.

Applications of ray tracing have skyrocketed since multicore processing has made it feasible to carry out the intensive compute calculations necessary to accurately render billions of light rays reflecting off different types of surfaces. This technology is used by the movie industry to produce visual effects and animated scenes and characters. It is also used to create visualizations for architectural work, realistic training scenarios for medical professionals and emergency teams, and product renderings—such as those used in automobile design—for prototyping and engineering studies. embree is particularly well suited for rendering complex scenes where the majority of light rays are incoherent, implementing Monte Carlo ray tracing algorithms to handle the operations.

Experience

Forging collaborative technology advances through Open Source While the open, collaborative university projects conducted through Intel Science and Technology Centers and Intel Collaborative research Institutes are an important source of technology discoveries and industry breakthroughs, Intel Labs itself also engages in both open-source projects and research that is made available through an open IP model. The same rationale that applies to the academic work also characterizes Intel Labs’ open-source philosophy.

Shared knowledge provides the following benefits:

• Spurs advances that create new platforms

• Improves people’s lives through enhanced technology

• Leads to new avenues of productive research

• Strengthens the overall ecosystem within which optimized software takes advantage of next-generation Intel® hardware architectures

example of an image produced by the embree rendering engine, capturing the complex reflections of an automobile headlight.

The open IP model that the Intel Science and Tec

hnology Centers

are following is really crucial to our success

and has removed a number of barriers to

working with the industry. It makes it

possible for us to brainstorm ideas—crazy

off-the-wall ideas that might go nowhere

or might just be the next breakthrough—

without worrying about legal issues. We

don’t have to get lawyers involved before

we can start talking about early-stage

research ideas. That frees us up to focus

on innovative new ways to make

computing safe. – Professor David Wagner, Principal Investiga

tor,

ISTC for Secure Computing, UC Berkeley

“

“

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Experience

discoveries light the pathAt the 10th annual Research at Intel event, Justin Rattner, chief technology officer at Intel Labs, addressed the audience and media: “Complementing Intel’s acknowledged leadership in experience-driven innovation we have formed a multidisciplinary community of Intel, faculty, and graduate student researchers from diverse fields to bridge the gap between technical and social disciplines to better advance each other’s work. This experience-driven approach can also be seen in technologies from across Intel Labs demonstrated here today, as well as our wildly successful inventions of the past. Past Intel Labs research has resulted in tangible products that impact our daily lives, and our research today will enrich our future lives.”

The flow of inspired ideas and technology advances continues at a rapid pace from research projects worldwide under Intel sponsorship and—in the spirit of open source—these ideas are fed back into the system to fuel even more innovation. It’s a healthy approach for the universities, the open-source community, and Intel—bringing groundbreaking solutions to technology challenges into wider circulation and energizing product development in unexpected ways as discoveries light the path for the future.

using ambient energy

One project at the ISTC for Pervasive Computing at the University of Washington involves developing a radically new generation of sensing devices that can measure information about the environment (for example, air quality or the presence of people). These sensors could be powered by ambient energy sources, such as signals from TV towers or access points that generate electric waste energy. The sensors may even be able to be powered from changes in barometric pressure and to provide continuous operation without ever having to change batteries, allowing monitoring of overall energy usage and other aspects of each individual’s lifestyle.

Intel challenges us to tackle really big, important problems.

– Professor Pat Hanrahan, Principal Investigator,

ISTC for Visual Computing, Stanford University“ “

When a great idea emerges, the burden is on Intel to take that idea and run with it—bring it in house and really turn it into future products, future technology—while maintaining true academic freedom in the campus setting. – Justin Rattner, CTO, Intel

““

“ While we hope that our research will eventually influence Intel’s business units in fundamental ways, we also see broader industrial and societal impact. Open source is therefore an important way to accelerate the refinement and adoption of important research results from our academic centers.”

- Chris ramming, Director of Intel Lab’s University Collaboration Office

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spark

1 Harbor Research, Inc., “Machine-To-Machine (M2M) & Smart Systems Market Opportunity 2010-2014.” www.windriver.com/m2m/edk/Harbor_Research-M2M_and_Smart_Sys_Report.pdf Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel® products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel‘s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by Intel, the Intel products are not designed nor intended for any application in which the failure of the Intel product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.Copyright © 2013 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. 0413/NKR/MESH/PDF 328627-001US

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