SOCIAL SCIENCE

INDICATORS

DEFINATION OF SELF IDENTITY

1. the identity of a thing with itself.2. the consciousness of one's own identity or individuality.[1865–70]Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

1. (Psychology) the conscious recognition of the self as having a unique identityCollins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

DEFINATION OF SOCIAL OR GROUP IDENTITY

A social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group.[1]

 As originally formulated by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s,[2] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.[3][4][5]

•Turner, J. C. (1978). "Social categorization and social discrimination in the minimal group paradigm". In H, Tajfel. Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations (London: Academic Press): 235–250.

•  Tajfel, H. (1974). "Social identity and intergroup behavior". Social Science Information13 (2): 65–93. doi:10.1177/053901847401300204.

TYPES OF SOCIAL OR GROUP IDENTITY

1. INTER-PERSONAL2. INTER-GROUP CONTINUUM

DEFINTION OF EMPOWERMENT

A management practice of sharing information, rewards, and power with employees so that they can take initiativeand make decisions to solve problems and improve serviceand performance.Empowerment is based on the idea that giving employees skills, resources, authority, opportunity, motivation, as wellholding them responsible and accountable for outcomes of their actions, will contribute to their competence andsatisfaction

According to author Stewart, in her book Empowering People she describes that in order to guarantee a successful work environment, managers need to exercise the “right kind of authority” (p. 6). To summarize, “empowerment is simply the effective use of a manager’s authority”, and subsequently, it is a productive way to maximize all-around work efficiency.

ECONOMICS EMPOWERMENT

In economic development, the empowerment approach focuses on mobilizing the self-help efforts of the poor, rather than providing them with social welfare. Economic empowerment is also the empowering of previously disadvantaged sections of the population, for example, in many previously colonized African countries.[21]

According to Thomas A Porterfield,many organizational theorists and practitioners regard employee empowerment as one of the most important and popular management concepts of our time.Calla discusses an inverse case: that of bogus empowerment.

Empowerment in international developmentThe UK's Department for International Development are working to address constraints to the empowerment of adolescent girls in developing countries. Researchers mapped organizations that competitively seek innovative ideas from both the private and non-profit sectors potentially to reach girls, youth and/or women in developing country contexts and provides support in the forms of finance and technical assistance to bring their ideas to market.

YOUTH EMPOWERMENT  is an attitudinal, structural, and cultural process whereby young people gain the ability, authority, and agency to make decisions and implement change in their own lives and the lives of other people, including youth and adults.

Youth empowerment is often addressed as a gateway to intergenerational equity, civic engagement and democracy building. Many local, state, provincial, regional, national, and international government agencies and nonprofit community-based organizations provide programs centered on youth empowerment.Activities involved therein may focus on youth-led media, youth rights, youth councils, youth activism, youth involvement in community decision-making

DEFINATION OF RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION

 Is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity.

Examples of religious denominations within Islam include Sunni, Shia, Ahmadiyya, Nation of Islam, Ibadi, Sufism, Quranism, non-denominational Muslims and Wahhabism is the dominant Muslim schools of thought in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sub-groups among Shias include Zaydis and Ismailis, while the Sunni schools are more connected by seeing one another as equally valid.

Bratcher, Dennis. "The Edict of Worms (1521) Translated into English". Christian Resource Institute. Retrieved 25 June 2013.