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SELLING WORLDNET SELLING WORLDNET OSLO TO BROADCAST OSLO TO BROADCAST PARTNERSPARTNERSPARTNERS PARTNERS
....and having ten fingers left to tcount on
DIGGING DEEPERDIGGING DEEPER
Understanding and Implementation f SNMP i B d t F ilit C t lof SNMP in Broadcast Facility Control
SNMP IN BROADCAST FACILITY CONTROL ‐ OUTLINE
ToolsBooks, iReasoning MIB browser, Notepad ++,
ASN‐1
R di th MIBReading the MIB
A WALK through the MIB ‐ selecting the OIDs
Initial GET and response understanding the dataInitial GET and response, understanding the data
SNMP Agent factors
SNMP BOOKS AND REFERENCE MATERIAL
Essential SNMPMauro and Schmidt, O’Reilly press
Understanding SNMP MIBsPerkins and McGinnis Prentice HallPerkins and McGinnis, Prentice Hall
DPS telecomWhite papers, etc.
SNMP TOOLS – MIB BROWSER
MIB browser CAN Provide an essential window into the SNMP world
Examine MIB files, browse to and read about all OIDs
Examine MIB structure, tables, traps, imports
WALK the MIB test OIDs individually and en masseWALK the MIB – test OIDs individually and en masse
GET data from any specific OID – see raw values
MIB browser can (typically) NOTAutomatically poll Agent for data or issue SET commands (Manager can)
Notify technical personnel of parameters that exceed thresholds
Integrate data and readings from traditional I/O connectionsIntegrate data and readings from traditional I/O connections
MIB BROWSER – IREASONING.COM
Download and install MIB Browser softwareMIB Browser software
MIB BROWSER ORIENTATIONSelected OID
Agent IP addressFunction controls
MIB tree
Results table
D i i f l d OIDDescription of selected OID
SNMP TOOLS – NOTEPAD++
“Advanced” notepad for analysing programs, MIB files, etc.http://notepad‐plus‐plus.org/p // p p p g/
SNMP MIB FILE IN STANDARD NOTEPAD
Some MIB files are not formatted for text editorsEx Toshiba MIB is formatted properlyEx. Toshiba MIB is formatted properly…
Divicom Europa MIB…. Not so much
DIVICOM EUROPA MIB FILE IN NOTEPAD ++
SNMP – UNDERSTANDING ASN‐1
: : = “Is defined as”
Comment line‐ ‐ Comment line
/* */ Comment block
| Delimits alternatives| Delimits alternatives
: : = {<well known name> <integer>} New branch or OID
OBJECT‐GROUP Group 2+ objects
OBJECT‐TYPE Define 1 objectSyntax, Units, Access, Status, Description
OID (typically formatted as :: { <known branch> <integer> }OID (typically formatted as ::= { <known branch> <integer> }
ASN‐1 SYNTAX EXAMPLES
nvControllerResetAlarms OBJECT‐TYPESYNTAX INTEGER (0..1)MAX ACCESS read writeMAX‐ACCESS read‐writeSTATUS currentDESCRIPTION"Reset alarms (any value will cause reset ‐ use 1)"::= { nvController 7 }
SNMP – READING THE MIB
MIB structureHeader
Imports
DefinitionsDefinitions
Objects
– Scalar
– columnar with index definitions
– Traps
SNMP MIB HEADER
Some MIB writers include a lot of descriptive elements in a header or comment section
Comments can be included anywhere in the MIB, preceded by ‐ ‐
Example: MIB from Divicom Europa ElectraExample: MIB from Divicom Europa Electra
SNMP MIB HEADER
Some MIB writers include a lot of descriptive elements in a header or comment section
Comments can be included anywhere in the MIB, preceded by ‐ ‐
Example: MIB from Divicom Europa ElectraExample: MIB from Divicom Europa Electra
Other manufacturers include revision lists and authorsExample Toshiba UPS
SNMP MIB HEADER
Some MIB writers include a lot of descriptive elements in a header or comment section
Comments can be included anywhere in the MIB, preceded by ‐ ‐
Example: MIB from Divicom Europa ElectraExample: MIB from Divicom Europa Electra
Other manufacturers include revision lists and authorsExample Toshiba UPS
Others get right to the pointExample: Nautel
SNMP ‐ IMPORTS
SNMP DEFINITIONS
Definitions can help shorten the OID for each object‐‐{ iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprises(1) toshiba(186) ‐‐ equ(1) equups(19) ticups(2) sp1(1) }
toshiba OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { enterprises 186 }equ OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { toshiba 1 }equUPS OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { equ 19 }ticUPS OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { equUPS 2 }sp1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ticUPS 1 }
upsIdent OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sp1 1 }upsBattery OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sp1 2 }upsInput OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sp1 3 }
O OBJECT IDENTIFIER { 1 4 }upsOutput OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sp1 4 }
SNMP GROUP DEFINITIONS
Numbering may not always be sequential
‐‐‐‐ Group definitions‐‐nvControllerGroup OBJECT‐GROUP
{
nvControllerResetAlarms OBJECT‐TYPESYNTAX INTEGER (0..1)MAX‐ACCESS read‐write
OBJECTS {nvControllerResetAlarms,nvControllerLocalRemote,nvControllerRFOnOffState,
STATUS currentDESCRIPTION"Reset alarms (any value will cause reset ‐ use 1)"::= { nvController 7 },
nvControllerMainExciter,nvControllerActiveExciter,nvControllerAutoExciterChangeovers,
{ }
SNMP GROUP DEFINITIONS
Numbering may not always be sequential
‐‐‐‐ Group definitions‐‐nvControllerGroup OBJECT‐GROUP
{
nvControllerLocalRemote OBJECT‐TYPESYNTAX LocalRemoteMAX‐ACCESS read‐only
OBJECTS {nvControllerResetAlarms,nvControllerLocalRemote,nvControllerRFOnOffState,
STATUS currentDESCRIPTION"Local/remote control (0 = local, 1 = remote)"::= { nvController 8 },
nvControllerMainExciter,nvControllerActiveExciter,nvControllerAutoExciterChangeovers,
{ }
SNMP GROUP DEFINITIONS
Numbering may not always be sequential
‐‐‐‐ Group definitions‐‐nvControllerGroup OBJECT‐GROUP
{
nvControllerRFOnOffState OBJECT‐TYPESYNTAX OnOffMAX‐ACCESS read‐write
OBJECTS {nvControllerResetAlarms,nvControllerLocalRemote,nvControllerRFOnOffState,
STATUS currentDESCRIPTION"RF On/Off state (0 = OFF, 1 = ON)"::= { nvController 35 },
nvControllerMainExciter,nvControllerActiveExciter,nvControllerAutoExciterChangeovers,
{ }
SNMP COLUMNAR VS. SCALAR OBJECTS
Objects that have a single instance in a given piece of equipment are generally treated as “scalar” (singular)
Example: Object that reflects the software version of the equipment
Other objects may have multiple occurrences and areOther objects may have multiple occurrences, and are treated as “columnar”, and arranged in a virtual table
Example: connection status and other information from each of the 32 kports on a network router.
Index values typically define the columns and rows of the virtual table
SNMP COLUMNAR VS. SCALAR OBJECTS
Columnar
Index values
SNMP COLUMNAR VS. SCALAR OBJECTS
Scalar
Direct OIDs for each object
SNMP – VIRTUAL TABLES AND INDEX VALUES
SNMP – VIRTUAL TABLES AND INDEX VALUES
SNMP – TRAP OBJECTS
IMPORTSi l i i i l dDisplayString, TimeStamp, TimeInterval, TestAndIncr, AutonomousTypeFROM SNMPv2‐TCenterprisesFROM RFC1155‐SMIOBJECT‐TYPEFROM RFC‐1212TRAP‐TYPEFROM RFC 1215FROM RFC‐1215;
RFC 1215
TRAP‐TYPE MACRO ::=
BEGIN
TYPE NOTATION ::= "ENTERPRISE" value
(enterprise OBJECT IDENTIFIER)
VarPart
DescrPart
ReferPart
VALUE NOTATION ::= value (VALUE INTEGER)
VarPart ::= "VARIABLES" "{" VarTypes "}"
| empty
VarTypes ::= VarType | VarTypes "," VarType
SNMP – TRAP OBJECTS
SNMP – TRAP OBJECTS – KEY ITEMS
TRAP‐TYPE
Description
VariablesEach variable is the name of another OID in theEach variable is the name of another OID in the equipment
Names and values of each variable will be sent with the trapthe trap
SNMP – TRAP OBJECTS
upsTrapOnBattery TRAP‐TYPEENTERPRISE sp1DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION"The UPS has switched to battery backup power."
::= 1
SNMP EXAMPLE #1 – FIBEAIR IP MICROWAVE LINK
Simple device
Simple MIB?
NOTMIB file is 288 pages!
SNMP EXAMPLE #1 – FIBEAIR IP MICROWAVE LINK
CERAGON‐MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN‐‐Title: CERAGON MIB
‐‐ Copyright 1997 CERAGON.‐‐ All Rights Reserved.
‐‐ It is CERAGON's intent to encourage the widespread use of‐‐ this Specification in connection with the management ofCERAGON' d t CERAGON t d d‐‐ CERAGON's products. CERAGON grants vendors, end‐users,
‐‐ and other interested parties a non‐exclusive license to‐‐ use this Specification in connection with the management‐‐ of CERAGON's products.
‐‐ This Specification is supplied "as is " and CERAGON makesThis Specification is supplied as is, and CERAGON makes‐‐ no warranty, either express or implied, as to the use,‐‐ operation, condition, or performance of the Specification.
IMPORTSCounter, enterprises,IpAddress, Gauge FROM RFC1155‐SMIDisplayString, ifIndex FROM RFC1213‐MIBOBJECT‐TYPE FROM RFC‐1212TRAP‐TYPE FROM RFC‐1215;
‐‐ Gauge32 FROM SNMPv2‐SMI;sonetSectionCurrentStatus FROM SONET MIB
MIB BROWSER ORIENTATIONSelected OID
Agent IP addressFunction controls
MIB tree
Results table
D i i f l d OIDDescription of selected OID
SNMP EXAMPLE #1 – FIBEAIR MIB IN MIB BROWSER
Different branches
Some are simple
Others get complex
Could WALK the MIBData overload
Many tablesa y ab es
Pick and choose OIDs
FIBEAIR MIB TRYING A GET COMMAND
SNMP EXAMPLE #1 – FIBEAIR IP “MINI WALK”
COLUMNAR VALUES – INDEX IS THE KEY
COLUMNAR VALUES – INDEX IS THE KEY
COLUMNAR VALUES – INDEX IS THE KEY
SNMP EXAMPLE #2 – LEIBERT HVAC SYSTEM
Mutiple MIBSlgpEnvConfigInfaredFlushRate OBJECT‐TYPE
SYNTAX Unsigned32
UNITS "percent"
MAX‐ACCESS read‐write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The Infrared humidifier pan overfill rate. This parameter configuresp p g
the amount of water that flows into the humidifier pan when the
'humidifier is in operation."
::= { lgpEnvConfig 28 }{ gp g }
SNMP EXAMPLE #2 – LEIBERT HVAC SYSTEM
MIB browser to the rescue!
Find the OIDs you need
Test with a GET command
See results
LIEBERT HVAC SYSTEM – VIEW FROM NYC
SNMP EXAMPLE #3 – TOSHIBA UPS SYSTEM
Example unit is a Toshiba G8000 series UPS system
How do we know?
Ask the unit!Ask the unit!
SNMP EXAMPLE #3 – TOSHIBA UPS SYSTEM
Toshiba MIB Ichi Ban!R bl i dReasonably sized
42 pages
Well organized
Logical categories
Thorough descriptions
Minimal use of tables
SNMP EXAMPLE #4 – NAUTEL NV TRANSMITTER
SNMP ready
Software update
2 MIB filesNautel generalNautel general
NV specific
NAUTEL NV MIB FILE IN BROWSER
“Easy” MIBNo tables
No traps
Two object groupsTwo object groupsController
Active Exciter
MIB BROWSER ORIENTATIONSelected OID
Agent IP addressFunction controls
MIB tree
Results table
D i i f l d OIDDescription of selected OID
NAUTEL NV TRANSMITTER – GET SINGLE OID
NAUTEL NV – A WORTHWHILE WALK
MIB is mostly scalar and Agent software is fast
Over 100 parameters collected in a few secondsOver 100 parameters collected in a few seconds
NAUTEL NV – ACTIVE EXCITER GROUP
SNMP AGENTS THAT RIDE THE SHORT BUS
Not all SNMP Agents are created equal
Many SNMP Managers are capable of sending GET commands with many OIDs in a single PDU
Some Agent devices are not capable of responding quickly enoughSome Agent devices are not capable of responding quickly enough
Example: Nautel VS1 transmitter
VS1 – UNUSED OIDS IN THE MIB FILE
VS1 uses same MIB as VS2.5Not all of the OIDs are supported
NAUTEL VS1
Reduce number of objects being polled
Slow down polling so Agent has time to respondScripteasy flexible, can poll high priority objects at a higher rate than othersothers
Starting with just a few objects, and testing for performance
NAUTEL VS1 – LIVE DISPLAY WORK IN PROGRESS
Run AVI file
PAQ4411.1
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Tony PeterleManager
Worldcast Systems Group, Miami FL(305) [email protected]
Thanks also to Josh Hadden, Clear Channel, New York
Using SNMP in Broadcast Facility Control – El Paso Ennes conference 05/18/2012
Doug Irwin, Clear Channel, New YorkNautel corporation