semiotika
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Pengantar SemiotikaPengantar Semiotika
Grace Swestin
Universitas Kristen Petra
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Hari ini (4-3-2008)Hari ini (4-3-2008)
Lanskap teori komunikasi Tempat semiotika dalam teori komunikasi Semiotika: definisi Semiotika: konsep-konsep pengantar– Jakobson’s model of communication– Codes– Anchorage (Roland Barthes)
Order of signification Semiotika: konsep-konsep kunci
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Komunikasi dan Teori KomunikasiKomunikasi dan Teori Komunikasi
Komunikasi: transmisi informasi dari satu pihak ke pihak yang lain
Ilmu komunikasi adalah bidang ilmu yang relatif baru
Maksim Laswell merupakan definisi : who says what to whom with what effect
Teori komunikasi: berfungsi untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan komunikasi
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Lanskap Teori KomunikasiLanskap Teori Komunikasi
Communication
Speech/ interpersonal communication Mass communication
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COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
Intercultural/ international communication
Small group communication
Communication technology
Policy/legal studies of communication
Telecommunication
etc
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Traditions of Communication Theory Traditions of Communication Theory (Robert Craig)(Robert Craig)
Rhetorical Semiotic Phenomenological Cybernetics Sociopsychological Sociocultural
These traditions tend to reinforce one another. Each is also divided against the others but all are cohesive approaches to describing communication behavior.
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SEMIOTICSSEMIOTICS
Definition
Semiotics studies media content and analyzes meaning in communication.
Semiotics is basically defined as a theory of signs.
It studies the processes of meaning making and seeks to break the code of non-verbal meaning that resides in the structure of communication.
The goal of semiotics is to explain visual signs, i.e. to explain visual signs and how they perpetuate (or not) the dominant cultural values.
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SEMIOTICSSEMIOTICS
Introductory concepts
Roman Jakobson’s model of communication
Codes
Anchorage (Roland Barthes)
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Jakobson’s Model of CommunicationJakobson’s Model of Communication
Addresser Addressee
Message
Context
Contact
Code
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Codes Codes
Codes: Objects, symbols or practices with generally agreed upon (consensual) meanings.
Codes and communication:– Every form of communication has its own systems of
codes--objects, symbols, practices with consensually agreed upon meanings
– Codes are learned.– Codes change as society changes– Different societies have different norms or conventions
of codes– It is not about truth. It is about consensus.
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Non-verbal codes (Michael Argyle)Non-verbal codes (Michael Argyle)
Facial Expression
Gaze
Bodily Posture
Bodily Contact
Spatial Behavior
Clothes and Appearance
Non-verbal aspects of speech
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AnchorageAnchorage (Roland Barthes) (Roland Barthes)
Anchorage: the process of affixing meanings. In the context of the mass media, anchorage can be referred to as the process by which preferred meanings are encoded in various media texts.
Concepts involved in anchorage:
– Denotation: What the image is.– Connotation: What the image means.– The Polysemic Nature of Images: They are endowed
with multiple, equally valid meanings
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SEMIOTICSSEMIOTICS
Key concepts
Meaning resides in the structure of communication
SIGN = Signifier + Signified
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Order of significationOrder of signification
1st Order of Signification: Denotation
2nd Order of Signification: Connotation / Context and Association
MYTH: Connotations passed off as denotations; as natural.