ANAAGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE ÁGUAS

SESSION 5 - WATER GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL

Gisela Forattini

Voorburg, the Netherlands

22-24 May 2006

USER-PRODUCER CONFERENCE: WATER ACCOUNTING FOR INTEGRATED

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

BRAZIL

Federative Republic8.5 million Km2

186 million inhabitantssource: IBGE - 2006

26 States01 Federal District5,561 Municipalities

5 Geopolitical RegionsN, NE, SE, Midwest, S

• 13% of the freshwater of the planet

• Relation with South America – 74 transboundary basins

• The great amount of water created the habit of abusive utilization of rivers and lakes

• Unbalance between water availability and demand

Pantanal

Semi Arid Region

12 HYDROLOGICAL REGIONS

0,64 millions km2

2.000 m3/s

0,9 millions km2

11.200 m3/s

3,9 millions km2

133.000 m3/s

0,75 millions km2

11.300 m3/s

Average discharge182.900 m3/s

WATER USE

BRAZIL – Intense Urbanization Process

POPULATION IN 2000: 169 Million

URBAN AREAS: 137 MillionRURAL AREAS: 32 Million

SOURCE: IBGE - Census 2000

POPULATION IN 1950: 52 Million

URBAN AREAS: 19 MillionRURAL AREAS : 33 Million

Service Coverage

DOMESTICDOMESTICWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY

• 90 % Urban Areas • 18 % Rural Areas• 78 % Brazil

Service Coverage

SEWAGE COLLECTION

•56% Urban Areas •3% Rural Areas •47% Brazil

Service Coverage

SEWAGE TREATMENT

Approximately 20% of collected sewage

is treated

HYDROPOWER 87% of total energy

generation Installed capacity of

70,000 MW 50% of installed

capacity in Southeast region

Annual demand Increase of 15% until year 2010

FEDERAL CONSTITUTION - 1988

“Art 21. The Union shall: ...

XIX – implement a National Water Resources Management System

and define criteria for authorization of water use”

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS

• Law 9.433/1997 “WATER LAW”Establishes the National Water

Resource Policy and the National Water Resources Management System

• Law 9.984/2000 “ANA’S LAW”Regulates the establishment of the

National Water Agency (ANA), a federal entity to implement the National Water Resources Policy and to coordinate the National Water Resources Management System

Water is public good Water is a limited natural resource, which has economic

value Priority in the use of water resources is given to human

consumption and the watering of animals; Water resources management must always allow the

multiple use of water The river basin is the territorial unit for the implementation

of the National Water Resources Policy Water resources management shall be decentralized and

shall involve participation of Government, users, and communities.

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICYBasic Principles

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICYInstruments

• Water resources plan• Classification of water bodies

according to predominant uses• Granting of water use rights• Charging for water use • Compensation to municipalities• Water resources information system

NationalCouncil

StateCouncil

Ministry ofEnvironment

Water Resources Secretariat

StateGovernment

ANA

StateAgency

River Basin Committee

River Basin Agency

Basin

State

National

Council Government AuthorityWater Board

TechnicalOffice

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

FEDERAL BASIN COMMITTEES

MISSION

WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS

WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS

ARBITRATE CONFLICT AMONG USERS

AUTHORIZE

CONTROLREG

ULA

TOR

YEX

ECU

TIVE Nat. Water Res.

Management System (SINGRH)

RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT

PRACTICAL RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED IN THE FIRST YEARS OF ANA

• Full implementation of the new water management instruments in the Paraiba River basin;

• Reduction of river pollution levels in the industrial southeast and

• Improvement of water supply coverage in the poor semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil

Water Governance refers to the various levels of political, social and

administrative mechanisms that must be in place to develop and manage

water resources.

(GWP 2000)

• THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER AGENCY - ANA • STRENGTHENING THE CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION• FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY• ACCESS TO INFORMATION ON WATER QUALITY

STRENGTHENING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL WATERPOLICY AND THE NWRMS

• TRANSPARENCY IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS• PARTICIPATORY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AS IWRM KEY

PRINCIPLE • WATER BASIN COMMITTEES, STATE WATER RESOURCES

COUNCILS AND MUNICIPALITIES• ECONOMIC VALUATION OF WATER AND APLICATION OF THE

USER/PAYER PRINCIPLE• IWRM CAPACITY BUILDING: PROGRAMME AND NETWORKS• GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN THE IWRM

• NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES PLAN

ACHIEVEMENTS FOR THE IWRM PROCESS IN BRAZIL

Approved by the National Water Resources Council, on Jan, 2006.

Governance - the participative and decentralized nature of this process made it possible to establish, for the 2020 time horizon, guidelines, programs, and goals, with ample social and political consensus, by means of a comprehensive process of public discussion.

The general aim of the National Water Resources Plan is:

“ establish a national pact for the definition of guidelines and public policies targeted at improving the supply of water, in quality and quantity, and managing demands, considering water as an essential element for implementation of sector specific policies, from a sustainable-development and social-inclusion standpoint “

http://pnrh.cnrh-srh.gov.br/

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES PLAN

• WATER AND SANITATION ISSUES• MDGs IMPLEMENTATION TARGETS• BALANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GOALS AND FISCAL CONSTRAINTS• REGIONAL INTEGRATION THROUGH WATERS• BUILDING CAPACITY AND FOSTER

EMPOWERMENT• SETTING UP THE CULTURE OF WATER

SECURITY

SOME CHALLENGES

REFORM OF THE WATER RESOURCES SECTOR IN BRAZIL INVOLVED: DECENTRALIZATION OF DECISIONS; PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AT THE RIVER BASIN LEVEL; INDEPENDENT REGULATION OF WATER USE AND UTILIZATION OF THE USER-PAYS AND POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE

APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION IS A NECESSARY CONDITION, BUT IS NOT ENOUGH. POLITICAL WILL AND ADEQUATE INSTITUTIONS ARE FUNDAMENTAL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER REFORM

IWRM CONCEPT IS FULLY INCORPORATED IN THE BRAZILIAN WATER RESOURCES LEGISLATION

INTENSE PARTICIPATION OF ORGANIZED CIVIL SOCIETY PROVIDED INNOVATIVE THINKING AND A SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION

gisela@ana.gov.br

www.ana.gov.br