sid 2017:57-1 ink jet printed oled displays - merck group€¦ · hil hil hil substrate vapor...

Edgar Böhm, Peter Levermore, Hsin-Rong

Tseng, Gaelle Bealle, Hsing-Ju Wang,

Pauline Hibon, Holger Heil, Anja Jatsch,

Herwig Buchholz

May 25th, 2017

SID 2017:57-1 Ink jet printed OLED displays

Agenda

Ink Jet Printed Displays RED GREEN

BLUE Summary & Outlook

Company Introduction

Company Introduction

Vibrant Science & Technology

SID 2017:57-1 Ink Jet Printed OLED Displays – Merck KGaA 4

publicly listed & majority family-

owned

~50,000 employees

66 countries

1668 founded

Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany


Merck KGaA

What we do

Life Science Performance

Materials Healthcare

• A wide range of high-tech chemicals, such as:

Liquid crystals and OLED materials for displays & lighting

Effect pigments for coatings and cosmetic products

Specialty chemicals for the semiconductor industry

Functional materials for solar panels

• Innovative tools and laboratory supplies for the life science industry that make research and biotech production better, faster and safer

• Broad and in-depth portfolio of 300,000 products

• Industry leading e-commerce platform, SigmaAldrich.com

• Award-winning innovation

• Prescription drugs and solutions to treat cancer, multiple sclerosis, infertility, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

• Over-the-counter products for a healthy lifestyle

• Allergy products and biosimilars

Ink Jet Printed OLED Displays

6


Blue Common Layer (BCL) structure for R/G/B

Advantages:

Mask free process

Utilize excellent vapour based Blue

SID

20

16

Details Λmax (nm)

CIE 1931 (x, y)

At 1000 cd/m2 LT95 (hrs) at 1,000 cd/m2

LE (cd/A) EQE (%) Voltage

(V)

IJP Red (BCL, air) 621 0.65 0.34 18.3 16.4 6.5 2,000

IJP Green (BCL, air) 520 0.31 0.62 68.2 18.7 5.5 8,000

IJP Blue (BCL, air) 448 0.14 0.08 6.0 7.5 4.8 500

HTL-1 x-link HTL-2 HTL-1 x-link

RED GREEN (BCL)

Blue Common Layer ETM

ETM Cathode

Cathode

ITO ITO ITO

HIL HIL HIL

Substrate

Vapor

printing Issues:

Reduced red and green performance


Full Soluble OLED

HTL HTL HTL

RED GREEN BLUE

ETM ETM

Cathode

ITO ITO ITO

HIL HIL HIL

Substrate

ETM

Cathode Cathode

Focus from BCL structure… …to full soluble structure (Hybrid)…

HTL-1 x-link HTL-2 HTL-1 x-link

RED GREEN (BCL)

Blue Common Layer ETM

ETM Cathode

Cathode

ITO ITO ITO

HIL HIL HIL

Substrate

Vapor

printing

All Printed RGB Full potential of IJP process

No trade-off for Red and Green

Printed Blue necessary

RED

9

950

960

970

980

990

1000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

lum

inance [cd/m

²]

time [h]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 5000 10000 15000

eff

icie

ncy [cd/A

]

luminance [cd/m²]

Aluminium

ETL

R-EML Gen One

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate


Blue Common Layer vs. Hybrid

Aluminium

ETL

Vapor Blue

R-EML Gen One

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

Same set of materials Gen 2016

IJP (BCL) IJP (Hybrid)



x2.25

Details CIE 1931 (x, y) At 1000 cd/m2

LT95 (hrs) At 1,000 cd/m2 LE (cd/A) EQE (%)

Voltage (V)

IJP (BCL) 0.648 0.336 18.3 16.4 6.5 2,000

IJP (Hybrid) 0.661 0.338 18.1 17.1 5.6 4,500

Improvements DCIEx =0.013 EQE x1.05 -1V LT x2.25

Significant overall improvement from BCL to Hybrid structure

RED

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

500 600 700

EL n

orm

. [a

rb. units]

wavelength [nm]


RED

1st ink jet printing “New Red“

Aluminium

ETL

New Red EML

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

evaporated

IJP

Details CIE 1931 (x, y) At 1000 cd/m2 LT95 (hrs)

At 1,000 cd/m2 LE (cd/A) EQE (%) Voltage (V)

IJP New Red 0.66 0.34 26.6 23.0 5.3 7,800

Excellent ink jet printed performance, excellent film quality, no gap to spin coating, further improvements ongoing

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

eff

icie

ncy [cd/A

]

luminance [cd/m²]

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

EQ

E [%

]

luminance [cd/m²]

950

960

970

980

990

1000

1010

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

lum

inance [cd/m

²]

time [h]

4750

4800

4850

4900

4950

5000

0 200 400 600

lum

inance [cd/m

²]

time [h]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 2000 4000

EQ

E [%

]

luminance [cd/m²]

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

500 600 700

EL n

orm

. [a

rb.

units]

wavelength [nm]


RED

Latest generation „New Deep Red“ (based on spin coating)

EML CIE 1931 (x, y) At 1000 cd/m2 LT95 (hrs)


Gen 2016 0.66 0.34 18.3 17.2 5.8 470

New Red 0.66 0.34 23.2 20.7 4.8 530

New Deep Red 0.68 0.32 17.6 24.6 5.2 360

New Deep Red: exceptional deep red color, remarkable high efficiency IJP in progress

* Cavity optimized

Aluminium

ETL

New Red EML

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

evaporated

S/C

*

GREEN

14

950

960

970

980

990

1000

1010

0 5000 10000

lum

inance [cd/m

²]

time [h]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

eff

icie

ncy [cd/A

]

luminance [cd/m²]


Blue Common Layer vs. Hybrid

Same set of materials Gen 2016

IJP BCL All Printed

IJP BCL All Printed

x1.4

IJP (BCL) IJP (Hybrid) Aluminium

ETL

Vapor Blue

Green EML

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

Aluminium

ETL

Green EML

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

Details CIE 1931 (x, y) At 1000 cd/m2


Voltage (V)

IJP (BCL) 0.31 0.62 68.2 18.7 5.5 8,400

IJP (Hybrid) 0.32 0.64 76.2 20.4 4.9 11,700

Improvements DCIEy =0.02 EQE x1.1 -0.6V LT x1.4

Significant overall improvement from BCL to Hybrid structure

GREEN

9500

9600

9700

9800

9900

10000

0 100 200

lum

inance [cd/m

²]

time [h]


GREEN

EML “New Green“ (based on spin coating)

EML CIE 1931 (x, y) At 1000 cd/m2


Voltage (V)

Gen 2016 0.31 0.64 75 20.4 5.1 150

New Green 0.33 0.64 87.1 22.8 4.4 220

Improvements CIEy = same EQE x1.1 -0.7V LT x1.5

New Green: improved efficiency, significantly higher lifetime

Aluminium

ETL

New Green EML

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

evaporated

S/C

x1.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

eff

icie

ncy [cd/A

]

luminance [cd/m²]

Aluminium

ETL

New Green EML

RG-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate




IJP New Green 0.33 0.64 87.1 22.6 4.6 tbd

New Green: 1st promising ink jet results, EQE no gap to spin coating, excellent film quality by optimized formulation

1st ink jet printing “New Green“

GREEN

evaporated

IJP 0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

450 500 550 600 650 700

EL n

orm

. [a

rb. units]

wavelength [nm]

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 E

QE

[%

]

luminance [cd/m²]

BLUE

18

19

BLUE

Latest achievements in fluorescent blue

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 2500 5000

EQ

E [%

]

luminance [cd/m²]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 10 20 30

TT

A c

ontr

ibutio

n [%

]

j [mA/cm²]

Oriented emissive material

HBL

EML

HTL

Maximise Triplet- Triplet-Annihilation (TTA)

1

2

Adjust molecular design Gain increased outcoupling

+15% EQE

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

Ou

tco

up

lin

g

eff

icie

ncy

Isotr

opic

Oriente

d

SID 2017:57-1 Ink Jet Printed OLED Displays – Merck KGaA

Optimized charge balance Improved EQE

21


BLUE

Evolution of Hybrid Blue from 2016 until today (spin coating)

*results based on spin coating

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

Q2/16 Q3/16 Q4/16 Q1/17 Q2/17

LT

95

[h

] @

10

00

cd

/m

²

EQ

E [

%] @

10

00

cd

/m

²

Significant and constant improvement of Hybrid Blue from 2016 until today

Aluminium

ETL

Blue EML

B-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

evap.

S/C

950

960

970

980

990

1000

1010

1020

1030

1040

1050

0 100 200 300 400

lum

inance [cd/m

²]

time [h]

Aluminium

ETL

LATEST Blue EML

B-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate


BLUE

Current best of (based on spin coating)

evaporated

S/C

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

400 450 500 550 600

EL n

orm

. [a

rb. units]

wavelength [nm]

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

EQ

E [%

]

luminance [cd/m²]



S/C latest Blue EML 0.14 0.14 9.4 7.9 4.0 360

Promising device performance closing the gap on vapor blue

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

400 450 500 550 600

EL n

orm

. [a

rb. units]

wavelength [nm]

BLUE

22 SID 2017:57-1 Ink Jet Printed OLED Displays – Merck KGaA

1st ink jet printing latest Blue EML

Aluminium

ETL

LATEST Blue EML

B-HTL

HIL

ITO

Substrate

evaporated

IJP



IJP latest Blue EML 0.14 0.12 10.7 10.2 6.5 tbd

Latest Blue EML: very promising 1st ink jet results, no gap to spin coating

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 200 400 600 800 1000

eff

icie

ncy [cd/A

]

luminance [cd/m²]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 200 400 600 800 1000 E

QE

[%

]

luminance [cd/m²]

Summary & Outlook

23


Summary of IJP OLED Performance

• Full printed R/G/B ink set developed and tested in Darmstadt, Germany

• Constant progress in device performance for all colors

• Significant step towards vapor performance

Architecture Sub-Pixel CIE 1931 (x, y)

At 1000 cd/m2 LT95 (hrs)

At 1,000 cd/m2 LE (cd/A)

EQE (%) Voltage

(V)

Ink Jet Printed Hybrid

RED 0.66 0.34 26.6 23.0 5.3 7,800

GREEN 0.33 0.64 87.1 22.6 4.6 tbd

BLUE 0.14 0.12 10.7 10.2 6.5 tbd

25

Previously rough film

Top Emission

Requirements:

Flat Film

Adress specific bank structure

New flat HIL

Outlook

Formulation + Material

SID 2017:57-1 Ink Jet Printed OLED Displays – Merck KGaA

Thank you!

sid 2017:57-1 ink jet printed oled displays - merck group€¦ · hil hil hil substrate vapor...

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