Similarities and differences between developing countries and

AustraliaChapter 8.2

The Global Burden of Disease study• First study in 1990- looks at health effects of more

than 100 diseases and injuries for eight regions of the world.

• GBD study includes:• causes of death (mortality);• disease incidence, prevalence disability

(morbidity); • burden of disease (DALYs).• http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/global_burd

en/facts/en/index.html

Life expectancy

• Revision:• Life expectancy at birth is the average number

of years a newborn can expect to live if existing mortality patterns continue over an individual’s Lifetime

• health adjusted life expectancy (HALE) is a measure of the expected number of years to be lived in the equivalent of ‘full health’.

Mortality

• Mortality statistics give a very general picture of the number of deaths around the world.

• indicators used:• infant mortality rate (for infants under 12

months of age• under-five mortality rate (U5MR)• maternal mortality ratio (MMR).• Adult mortality

Mortality

• During 2008, an estimated 57 million people died.

• In high-income countries more than two thirds of all people live beyond the age of 70 and predominantly die of chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancers, diabetes or dementia. Lung infection remains the only leading infectious cause of death.

• In low-income countries less than one in five of all people reach the age of 70, and more than a third of all deaths are among children under 15. People predominantly die of infectious diseases: lung infections, diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth together continue to be leading causes of death, claiming the lives of both infants and mothers.

The 10 leading causes of death by broad income group (2008)

Middle income

High income

What are the main differences between richand poor countries with respect to causes of

death?

• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index1.html

• Read page 270- 274

Differences between rich and poor countries with respect to causes of death?

High income country Medium income Low income

More than two-thirds of all people live beyond the ageof 70.

nearly half of all peoplelive to the age of 70.

less than a quarter of allpeople reach the age of 70

Leading cause of death : CVD, COPD,diabetes and dementia.

tuberculosis and road traffic accidents are top 10 leading causes of death

more than a thirdof all deaths are among children under the ageof 14.

Nine out of the 10 leading causes of deathare non-communicable conditions

infectious diseases,including lung infections, diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

Complications ofpregnancy and childbirth together continue to beleading causes of death

Child mortality

Child mortality

• More than 8 million deaths in 2008 were among children under five years of age, and 99% of them were in low- and middle-income countries.

• Almost one in five deaths in the world was of a child under the age of five years.

Child mortality

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