six sigma continuous improvement training six sigma continuous improvement training decision making...
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Six Sigma Continuous Improvement TrainingSix Sigma Continuous Improvement Training
Decision Making ProcessDecision Making Process
Six Sigma Simplicity
Key Learning PointsKey Learning Pointss Good Decisions are Made by using the
Right Tools
Agenda
We’ll explore:s Decision making Methodss The Consensus processs Team Decision making techniquess Decision making Exercise
s Good Decisions are Made by using the Right Tools
Agenda
We’ll explore:s Decision making Methodss The Consensus processs Team Decision making techniquess Decision making Exercise
Methods of Decision makingMethods of Decision making
Decide &
Announce
Gather
input from
individuals
& decide
Gather
input from
Team
& decide
Consensus
Delegate
with
Constraints
Level of InvolvementLevel of Involvement
Level of Buy - inLevel of Buy - in
Reproduced from GE Reproduced from GE
Rework CycleRework Cycle
Rationale for use of each methodRationale for use of each method
s Decide and announces Little time to make the decision without
adverse impacts Group is likely to support and implement the
decisions Gather input from individuals and decide
s Need expert opinion of a few people to make informed decisions
s Stakeholder interests are represented by selected individuals
s Decide and announces Little time to make the decision without
adverse impacts Group is likely to support and implement the
decisions Gather input from individuals and decide
s Need expert opinion of a few people to make informed decisions
s Stakeholder interests are represented by selected individuals
Rationale for use of each methodRationale for use of each method
s Gather input from group and decides An important decision to many people
s Consensus (Reaching team agreement)s Change requires complete understanding and
buy-ins Need expertise of entire group to begin
effective changes Delegate with Constraints
s Group has experience and capability to make decisions in a timely manner
s Leaders’ time can be spent in another way
s Gather input from group and decides An important decision to many people
s Consensus (Reaching team agreement)s Change requires complete understanding and
buy-ins Need expertise of entire group to begin
effective changes Delegate with Constraints
s Group has experience and capability to make decisions in a timely manner
s Leaders’ time can be spent in another way
Team Decision or Consensus ProcessTeam Decision or Consensus Process
REDUCE
DISCUSS
SELECT
Consensus Process GuidelinesConsensus Process Guidelines
s Reduces What is the goal?s Avoid judging ideass Maintain self esteem by presenting factss Involve everyones Look for similarities and combine if
possibles Consider effort against impact
s Reduces What is the goal?s Avoid judging ideass Maintain self esteem by presenting factss Involve everyones Look for similarities and combine if
possibles Consider effort against impact
Consensus Process GuidelinesConsensus Process Guidelines
s Discusss Organize and prioritizes Consider other reactions before
respondings Fully explore differencess Use positive feedback, not criticism
s Discusss Organize and prioritizes Consider other reactions before
respondings Fully explore differencess Use positive feedback, not criticism
Consensus Process GuidelinesConsensus Process Guidelines
s Selects The idea or solution must meet the goals Focus on the idea, not the persons Do not change your mind to avoid
conflicts Do not assume that someone must win
s Selects The idea or solution must meet the goals Focus on the idea, not the persons Do not change your mind to avoid
conflicts Do not assume that someone must win
Team Decision making techniquesTeam Decision making techniques
TECHNIQUE REDUCE DISCUSS SELECTCheck the Goal X X XList Reduction XShow your cards XImpact/ Effort grid X XCriteria Screen X XBalance sheet XWeighted voting X
Team decision making techniquesTeam decision making techniques
s Check the Goals How does this affect the teams goal?s What impact does it have on the
organization’s business strategy?s How does this affect our customers?
s List reductions Clarify options which are unclears Eliminate or combine options
s Check the Goals How does this affect the teams goal?s What impact does it have on the
organization’s business strategy?s How does this affect our customers?
s List reductions Clarify options which are unclears Eliminate or combine options
Team decision making techniquesTeam decision making techniques
s Show your cardss All team members to share viewss Limit times No Judgment or argument
s Impact / effort grids Impact – Low, Medium, Highs Effort – (1)Little, (2) Moderate, (3) Great
s Show your cardss All team members to share viewss Limit times No Judgment or argument
s Impact / effort grids Impact – Low, Medium, Highs Effort – (1)Little, (2) Moderate, (3) Great
IMP
AC
T
EFFORT
Team Decision making techniquesTeam Decision making techniques
s Impact / Effort Grids Impact / Effort Grid
OPTION IMPACT EFFORT1 L 32 H 23 M 24 L 35 H 16 M 27 L 2
55 22
33 66
77 11 44
LITTLELITTLE MODERATEMODERATE GREATGREAT
HIGHHIGH
MEDIUMMEDIUM
LOWLOW
Team Decision making techniquesTeam Decision making techniques
s Criteria Screens Criteria ScreenGOAL Decide on ---------
M/O Criteria Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4Must have A N Y Y YMust have B Y Y Y YMust have C Y N Y YOptional D 4 3 3 3Optional E 3 4 4 3Optional F 5 5 2 1
Total N N 9 7
Team Decision making techniqueTeam Decision making technique
s Balance SheetThis is a convenient technique when youhave only two options
s Simply a list of: s Pros / Conss Go / No Gos Plus / Delta
s Balance SheetThis is a convenient technique when youhave only two options
s Simply a list of: s Pros / Conss Go / No Gos Plus / Delta
Team Decision making techniquesTeam Decision making techniques
s Weighted Votings Determines the strength of everyone’s
positions The process
s You have only a certain amount to spend, so spend it on the things you think will be the most worthwhile
s Weighted Votings Determines the strength of everyone’s
positions The process
s You have only a certain amount to spend, so spend it on the things you think will be the most worthwhile
Team Decision making techniquesTeam Decision making techniquesGuidelines for weighted votings Number of votes = Number of options x 2s Must use all votess 50/50 rule:
s Must vote for at least 50% of the optionss No more than 50% of your votes on any one option
Guidelines for weighted votings Number of votes = Number of options x 2s Must use all votess 50/50 rule:
s Must vote for at least 50% of the optionss No more than 50% of your votes on any one option
Voters OptionsA B C D
Hans 1 4 1 2Peter 4 4 0 0Mary 1 2 4 1Dave 1 4 1 2Diane 0 3 3 2Total 7 17 9 7
Class ExerciseClass Exercise
The Survivor ExerciseThe Survivor Exercises You are a passenger in a plane that is clearly in troubles You heard the pilot radioing for help as the plane
crashed in the tundra in Canada along the Quebec/Newfoundland border
s The pilot has died and the plane has sunk in a marsh with the radio on board
s The crash occurred 30 miles from the intended destination
s Each team represents the remaining survivors of the plane crash
s There is agreement that all participants will stay togethers The survivors were able to salvage 15 items before the
plane sunks Those 15 items are listed in the next slide :
s You are a passenger in a plane that is clearly in troubles You heard the pilot radioing for help as the plane
crashed in the tundra in Canada along the Quebec/Newfoundland border
s The pilot has died and the plane has sunk in a marsh with the radio on board
s The crash occurred 30 miles from the intended destination
s Each team represents the remaining survivors of the plane crash
s There is agreement that all participants will stay togethers The survivors were able to salvage 15 items before the
plane sunks Those 15 items are listed in the next slide :
The survivor kitThe survivor kit1. A magnetic compass2. A gallon can of corn syrup3. One sleeping bag per survivor (dry & in good shape)4. Water purification tablets5. A tent6. 15 matches7. 200 feet of rope8. A flashlight9. A set of snowshoes for each survivor10. A fifth of vodka11. A make-up kit with compact mirror12. An old-fashion wind-up alarm clock13. A Swiss Army knife14. A 10-speed bike15. A book on astronomy
1. A magnetic compass2. A gallon can of corn syrup3. One sleeping bag per survivor (dry & in good shape)4. Water purification tablets5. A tent6. 15 matches7. 200 feet of rope8. A flashlight9. A set of snowshoes for each survivor10. A fifth of vodka11. A make-up kit with compact mirror12. An old-fashion wind-up alarm clock13. A Swiss Army knife14. A 10-speed bike15. A book on astronomy
As an INDIVIDUAL fill out the list of items in order of importancefrom 1(most important to survival) to 15 (least important to survival)As an INDIVIDUAL fill out the list of items in order of importancefrom 1(most important to survival) to 15 (least important to survival)
The Survivor Exercise : Step 1The Survivor Exercise : Step 11 2 3 Difference
between StepsItems Individua
lTeam Expert
Now, fill in the same table as a TEAM. You MUST reach consensus in ranking these items in order of importance
Now, fill in the same table as a TEAM. You MUST reach consensus in ranking these items in order of importance
The Survivor Exercise : Step 2The Survivor Exercise : Step 21 2 3 Difference
between StepsItems Individual Team Expert
Now, if you have in your team, a member that has been camping and possibly survivor experience (the expert), how did he/she rank these items?
Now, if you have in your team, a member that has been camping and possibly survivor experience (the expert), how did he/she rank these items?
The Survivor Exercise : Step 3The Survivor Exercise : Step 31 2 3 Difference
between StepsItems Individual Team Expert
Six Sigma Continuous Improvement TrainingSix Sigma Continuous Improvement Training
Decision Making ProcessDecision Making Process