skin and body membranes chapter 4 2 types of body membranes a. epithelial and b. connective...
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Skin and Body MembranesChapter 4
2 Types of Body Membranes
A. Epithelial and B. Connective
A. Epithelial Membrane=Skin, Mucous Membrane, Serous Membrane
B. Connective Membranes=Synovial (areolar connective tissue) that has no Epithelial cells
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Epithelial Membranes
A . C u ta ne o us M e m bra ne"S k in "-O n ly D ry M e m b ra ne
E p id e rm isD e rm is
B . M uco u s M e m b ra n e"W e t"L in ing E xte rio r O pe n ing
R e sp ito ry, D ig e s tiveU rin a ry, R e p rod u c tive
C . S e ro u s M e m b ran e (se ro sa)L in ing In te rio r
O ccu r in p a irs liketh e "B a llo on " exa m p le
E p ithe lia l M e m bra n es
Skin (Integument)
Wet Exterior Openings
Interior Linings
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A. Cutaneous/Integument/Skin
• Waterproof-Stretchable-Washable
• Self-Repairs: Cuts, Rips, and Burns
• Electrical Insulation
• Includes: Sweat and Oil Glands, Hairs, and Nails
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Functions of the SkinMechanical Damage Physical Barrier
Chemical Damage Acids and Bases
Bacterial Damage Unbroken Surface, “Acid Mantle”
Ultraviolet Radiation Melanin protects from Sun
Thermal Damage Heat/Cold/Pain Receptors
Desiccation Waterproofing Surfaces
Heat Loss/Retention Skin Capillary AccessUrea and Uric Acid Excretion Perspiration
Vitamin D Sunlight
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Skin StructureEpidermis
A. Stratified Squamous
B. Keratinizing (hardening)
DermisA. Dense Connective
B. Contains Blood, Sweat, and Oil Glands
HypodermisA. A.K.A Subcuaneous tissue
B. Adipose Tissue
C. Anchor Skin (E&D) to underlying organs
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3 Layers-Actual Picture
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Epidermis-5 Strata (Layers)
• Corneum• Lucidum• Granulosum• Spinosum• Basale
*****OUTSIDE THE BODY*****
*****DERMIS*****
EPIDERMI S
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Why can we shave (face/legs) and not bleed?
• The epidermis is AVASCULAR, meaning it has no blood supply of its own.
• Most cells produce keratin (tough, fibrous protein)
• Basale (alive with spino- and granulo-) absorbs nutrients, the top 2 (lucid- and corne-) are non-living
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Then why do you bleed when you shave?
Because you cut too deeply and get into the DERMIS
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The 5 Strata Layers
• Corneum:20-30 cells thick• Lucidum: dead, clear cells found only on hands/feet
• Granulosum: still living cells
• Spinosum:living cells
• Basale: absorb nutrients from the dermis to keep them alive, and “float” up to form the above 4 layers
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New EPIdermis every 25-45 days
• Suntans/burns occur in the Basale
• Melanin (colored pigment)
• Basale cells phagocytize (eat) the melanin
• Melanin shields DNA from UV rays
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The Dermis• Divided into 2 Layers-
Papillary and Reticular
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Papillary Layer• Upper projections called papillae containing pain
and touch receptors (known as Meissner’s corpuscles)
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Reticular Layer
• Contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and deep pressure receptors (Pacinian corpusles)
• Many phagocytes to attack bacteria that has passed through Epi-
• Collagen fibers and blood vessels