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8 Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008. All Rights Reserved.

This publication may refer to products that are not currently available in your country. IBM makes no commitment to make available any products referred to herein.

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Agenda Key:Session Number:

Web Services and SOA for the RPG Developer on IBM i IBM Integrated Web services for i

Dan Hiebert IBM [email protected]

IBM Power Systems

© 2008 IBM Corporation

Agenda

• Introduction to SOA & Web Services

• Creating RPG Web Service Business Logic.

• Deploying/Testing RPG Web Services.

• Consumption of Web Services.

• Presentation Layer of Web Services.

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Introduction SOA & Web Serviceson IBM i

Introduction to SOA & Web Services

• IBM i Project for Web services

• Introduction Web Services and SOA technology's

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Web Services Made Easy An IBM i Project

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Web Services Made Easy – An IBM i Project

• IBM Integrated Web Services for i– “An Easy Step to starting with SOA on System i”

• Simplify the process of externalizing RPG/COBOL business logic as a service.• Externalize various RPG/COBOL business tasks as services. • Abstracts the hidden complexities of Web services for IBM i.• Provide RPG/COBOL Developer easy to use Web interface, not requiring

additional tools or skills

http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/software/iws/

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IBM Integrated Web services server for i

• Merged the Development Process and Deployment Server• 2 Steps to Create a Web services server on IBM i• 7 Steps to Deploy an RPG/COBOL Service• Built on IBM Integrated Web Application Server for I

– Note: 2 Methods returned for every procedure or program• XML - Automated Data (Including Data Structures)• Standard Serialized objects.

• Embedded Axis 2 Engine into IBM i (5722SS1)

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Introduction to Web services and SOA

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What is …..?

… a service?

A repeatable business task – e.g.,

check customer credit; open new

account

… service oriented architecture (SOA)?

An IT architectural style that supports

integrating your business as linked

services

"SOA impacts every aspect of IT and business.”

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(from the Wikipedia.com)

“A 'Web service' (also Web Service) is defined by the W3C as "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network"[1]. Web services are frequently just Web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services.”

Web Service Definition

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What Are They?

• Web services– Applications that are invoked over the Web

– An implementation of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

– Contain only business logic, do not have a user interface

– Self-contained

– Self-describing

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Requirements Addressed By Web Services

• Interoperability – need a common communication protocol– Between systems– Between languages

• Interface Description Language– Describe the service’s interface– Clear and unambiguous– Platform independent

• Retrieval of Service– Search and retrieve available services– Conventient integration at design time and runtime

• Security– Protection of services– Protection of data sent to/from services

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Types of Web Services

• Business Information: access to a database or rapidly changing contents– Stock quotes

– Currency conversion rates

– Address book

– Geographical data

• Business Integration: implementing a function or outsourcing a business process– Reservations system

– Credit check

– Payment system

– Loan service

– Product catalog

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Web Services Overview

Definition: Self-Contained with well-defined interfaces that provide functionality that is accessible over the Internet/Intranet

Key Technologies: XML, WSDL, SOAP, UDDI

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Broker

Provider

find

2

bind/invoke

3

publish

1

Requestor

Web Service Participants

• Provider: implements a Web service• Requestor: has a business need• Broker: lists all available services

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Web Services Technology Stack

Discovery UDDI, WSILDiscovery UDDI, WSIL

Description WSDLDescription WSDL

XML Messaging SOAPXML Messaging SOAP

Transport HTTP, JMS, FTP, SMTPTransport HTTP, JMS, FTP, SMTP

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What is …..?

… a service?

A repeatable business task – e.g.,

check customer credit; open new

account

… service oriented architecture (SOA)?

An IT architectural style that supports

integrating your business as linked

services

"SOA impacts every aspect of IT and business.”

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SOA Is Like Musical Notes…

Each musical notes represents a business

service

SOA allows for flexible composition

of music

Checking Credit Opening

Account

Tracking Shipment

Checking Inventory

Placing an Order

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Web services are a good start…

Business applications and their interfaces become reusable

Decouples the interfaces from the business applications

The number and complexity of the interfaces is reduced

Rich business abstractions describe the application interface

Turn this … …into this (web services).

= Interface

Service

= Application

Service Service Service

Service Service Service

= Interface = Service

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Resources

• Integrated Web Services for IBM i – http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/software/iws/

• IBM Technical Information and Example– http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/

• WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus – http://www-306.ibm.com/software/integration/wsesb/

• WebSphere Process Server– http://www-306.ibm.com/software/integration/wps/





Creating RPG Web Service Business Logic


Web Services and SOA for the RPG Developer on IBM i

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Agenda

• Introduction to SOA & Web Services• Creating RPG Web Service Business Logic.

– Lab Time

• Consumption of Web Services.– Lab Time

• Deploying/Testing RPG Web Services.– Lab Time

• Presentation Layer of Web Services.– Lab Time

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Creating RPG Web Service Business Logic

• ILE RPG Best Programming Practices

• RPG Style Web Service– Encapsulated– Reusable– Stateless– Event driven– Loosely coupled

• RPG Traditional vs Modular - Example

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RPG Developer – Misconceptions

• The RPG language is outdated and does not work with the Web Services paradigm.

• I need to modernize my “Monolithic” application.

• I have to re-write my entire application to code for RPG Web Services.

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RPG Best Practices – Quick Reference

• Use Free Form• Utilize ILE Techniques

– Procedures

– Binding Directories

– Service Programs

– Exports – Hints & Tips

• Centralize Declarations• Expand Naming Conventions• Write Indicatorless Code• Use Structured Programming Techniques• Use Comments• Avoid Obsolescence

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What is a Service?

• Function– Get information– Perform action

• Properties– Encapsulated– Reusable– Stateless– Event driven– Loosely coupled

• Modular

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Implementing Encapsulation

Procedure

• Typed parameters– Input only

• Value

• Const

– Both input and output– Return value

• Local variables– Only accessible in procedure– No side effects

Subroutine

• Global variables– All can be modified

• Global variables– Accessible outside procedure– Side effects

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Reusability

• Design from business perspective– What is the business function provided

– Not based on implementation

• Design for future enhancements– Based on what business function should do

– Not based on current limits

• Input checking– Do not trust interface user

– Provide meaningful error messages

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Stateless

• State is kept by service user– Data necessary for request is provided

– Response must contain appropriate data for follow-on requests

• Service may be called by many different users– Ensure no data carryover

• Pragmatism– If service will be heavily used with persistent connection:

• Caching of state my improve performance• Request data overrules use of cached data

• Caution: On RPG Record access to DB – Do not necessarily expect maintained, especially with “1 to M” users.

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Event Driven

• Service does not assume any particular order– Requests drive service

– Allows new uses for service

– Problems if data is locked between requests

• Service processes request– Validity checks

– Perform operations

– Sends response

– Frees resources

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Loosely Coupled

• Positive– Increased flexibility

– More responsive to business changes

– More responsive to technology changes

– Code maintenance

• Negative– More computationally expensive

– Higher latency

– More parts

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Properties Comparison Review – Service

Service• Encapsulated

– Access through interface

• Reusable– Write once – use everywhere

• Stateless– Information not retained

• Event driven– No required order

• Loosely coupled– Callable from anywhere

Traditional• Global data

– Access directly

• Reuse by copy– Maintain everywhere

• Stateful– Information retained in job

• Application driven– Fixed order

• Tightly coupled– Tied to application

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RPG – Traditional vs. Modular Example

A Simple Rewrite example for RPG Procedures

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Traditional RPG Program.

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RPG Modular

Business Logic

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Deploy RPG Web Service Business Logic

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Agenda


– Lab Time




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Deploy RPG Web ServiceBusiness Logic

• Introducing – IBM Web Services Server on i

• Recent Enhancements

• Embedding WS information in Program/Service Program

• Demo – WS-Server (that easy)

• Deep Dive & Scripts

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Introducing - IBM Integrated Web Services Server on i

Key Features of IBM I Web Services server

• Integrated into IBM i

• WS-Basic Profile – Compliant

• Developed for RPG/COBOL

• Open Source Technology

• Removes Complexities of Web Services for IBM i Developer

• Easy to Use - Web Admin Interface

• IBM i Web Services Test Client

• Externalizes IBM i Program Objects

• Tracing – WS-Message & Program Objects

• Scripting Support

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NEW Improvements for YOU! – October/08

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Embedding Web services information with RPG on IBM i

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RPG Find Customer

Example: RPG Find Customer

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V5R4 - Enablement

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Binding RPG Business Logic to Program/Service Program• Service Info embedded with RPG or COBOL program objects (PCML)

– For V6R1 need to recompile specifying:CRTRPGMOD PGMINFO(*PCML *MODULE) CRTCBLMOD PGMINFO(*PCML *MODULE)

– For V5R4 – recompile specifying following option in the source:• For RPG

H PGMINFO(*PCML:*MODULE)

• For COBOLPROCESS OPTIONS PGMINFO(PCML MODULE)

• Service Information can alternatively be generated in IFS

• Restrictions:– Program objects must be ‘Stateless’

– Further Information - http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/software/iws/

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Externalizing Web services with RPG on IBM i (Demo) - Simplification and Ease of Use

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Web Admin: Install Web Service

Access Web Admin http://hostname:2001/HTTPAdmin

Click on the Create New Web Services Server link

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IWS – Deep Dive

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Deep Dive - IBM i integrated Web services server

• IBM i integrated Web services server– Based on Apache AXIS2 version 1.3 - runtime– A set of native service programs and java tools that enable you to build Web

service applications from existing ILE RPG/COOBL Programs dynamically generating WSDL and Java Artifacts.

– Supported on V5R4, V6R1

• IBM i integrated Web services server has the following capabilities: – Support for Web Services Description Language (WSDL 1.1, supports WSDL

1.2 but right now we are not advertising the fact ) - document literal only – SOAP 1.1 (Enabled) SOAP 1.2 (Disabled) REST (Disabled) - – Supports Web Services Invocation (WSI) 1.0 basic profile compliance – Support for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) – Java API for XML-based remote procedure call (JAX-RPC) style

implementation – Support IBM i non-Java languages; RPG, COBOL, [C,C++]

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IBM i Web Services Script Support

IBM Integrated Web Services Server – Scripts

• GUI avoidance – • QSHELL environment• Automate create/deploy• Deployable applications (ISV’s)• Example:

– Create 20 servers – use scripts

– Automate RPG/COBOL deployments

• Create/Delete Servers

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Server Packaging• IBM i integrated Web services server - Server Image

– /QIBM/ProdData/OS/WebServices/V1/server• Scripts reside in the ../bin directory

– installWebService.sh– listWebServices.sh– startWebServices.sh– stopWebServices.sh– uninstallWebServices.sh– createWebServicesServer.sh – deleteWebServicesServer.sh – startWebServicesServer.sh – stopWebServicesServer.sh

– Axis2 1.3 – Engine Runtime• /QIBM/ProdData/OS/OSGi/LWI71/runtime/webservicesmax/eclipse/plugins/org.apache.axis2

• User Web services server– /www/wservice[*] unless user used script

• 4 Jobs Run in QHTTPSVR subsystem– 1 HTTP and 3 Web Service jobs

WS Server

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Web Services Instance Packaging• /www/WSERVICE/lwi/runtime/webservicesmax/eclipse/plugins/

WebServicesEngine/WEB-INF/conf/axis2.xml– <parameter name="disableREST" locked="true">true</parameter>– <parameter name="disableSOAP12" locked="true">true</parameter>

Examples – Above ws.apache.org for more values.

• Directory - /www/WSERVICE– /conf – httpd.conf, i5OSStartup.properties– /htdocs– /logs - **Important ** Error information– /lwi/logs - – /webservices

• Directory - /www/WSERVICE/webservices– /temp– /services ** Important ** all customer service artifacts here– /archive

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Web Service Deployment Location

• Sample - /www/WSERVICE/webservices/services/ConvertTemp– ** Tracing ** ConvertTemp.config – info parms for services

– ./META-INF/services.xml - customize

• Generated Java• ../iseries/wsbeans/converttemp• ../iseries/programcall/base

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IWS Server Restrictions• SOAP 1.1 • WSDL 1.1 • PCML (deployment of ILE-based Web services)

– The deploying of ILE programs as Web services is dependent on a Program Call Markup Language (PCML)

– The following data types are not supported by PCML: • Date • Time • Timestamp • Pointer • Procedure Pointer • 1-Byte Integer • 8-byte Unsigned Integer

– Return values and parameters passed by value can only be 4 byte integers. – Varying-length arrays, and data structures containing varying-length subfields are not supported. – More details regarding RPG and PCML can be found in the ILE RPG Reference. More details

regarding COBOL and PCML can be found in the ILE COBOL reference.

• Parameters– A procedure in an ILE service program (*SRVPGM) that is to be externalized as a Web service

operation can have a maximum of 7 parameters. An ILE program (*PGM) can have a maximum of 32 parameters.

– Note: The work around is to create a Data Structure as a parameter which is a single parameter.

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Security DiscussionSecurity ConcernsMessages are being sent over the intranet/internet – Are they Secure?

Web Services – Security• HTTP• WS-Security

Three Available Security Mechanism’s • HTTP - SSL encryption and authorization (Certificates) (Basic authorization)• WS-Security (No support on IBM Integrated Web services server for i)• IBM Datapower Appliances – (Pretty cool utility)

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What is Coming Next – Future Directions?

• Client Improvements– WSDL2RPG

• Presentation Layer? (WS-Explorer Client only Customizable)– JSF or PHP or AJAX?

• Enhance RESTful SOA on the Web services server?– Enable REST style services for Web Services server

• Performance Improvements?– Impressive improvements

• Serviceability– Utility to capture “SOAP/XML” communication for support?

• Migration tool IBM i WS server to WAS Web Service?– Or to IBM i ;)

• WS-Security specification?







Consuming RPG Web Service Business Logic

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– Lab Time




Agenda

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RPG Consuming Web ServiceBusiness Logic

IBM Integrated Web Services client

• IWS Client / Process

• WSDL

• Stub Generation and Header Files

• Building / Compiling RPG and C code

• Review Process

• Deep Dive

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Consuming Web services with RPG on IBM i The Unlimited Potential

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Web Services – a client view

Definition: Self-Contained with well-defined interfaces that provide functionality that is accessible over the Internet/Intranet

Key Technologies: XML, WSDL, SOAP, UDDI

RPG web service client RPG FindCustomers

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• Natural for ILE RPG/COBOL Developer • 4 Step Static Development Process

1. Use WSDL to generate Web service proxy code in C

2. Build RPG stub code from C proxy code

3. Compile/Bind RPG & Web service stub code

4. Invoke RPG/COBOL Web service client

http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/software/iws/

Integrated Web services client for IBM i

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Web Services Client for ILE

• Overview– Based on Apache AXIS C++ Version 1.5+– Consists

• Tools– Convert service’s WSDL to C/C++ APIs

• SOAP client– ILE Service Program

– Supported today• Packaged with 5733-XT1• V5R1, V5R2, V5R3, V5R4

– Availability• 4Q/07 – IBM i SS1 Option 3• V5R4 and later

• Supports – C, C++, RPG, COBOL– Web Services Description Language (WSDL) - document literal only – Web Services Invocation (WSI) 1.1 basic profile compliance – Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

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Web Service Deployment Review

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Where to find my WSDL

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FindCustomers.WSDL

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FindCustomers.wsdl

FindCustomers.WSDL

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Web Services Client for ILEStep 1: Stub Generation – Creating a Web Services Proxy

•Developer generates stubs using:–Java tools (wsdl2ws.jar)–Qshell script - wsdl2ws.sh -lc STOCKQ.wsdl

WSDL passed into tool that generates C/C++ stubs

C/C++ stubs

Web Service Provider WSDL

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FindCustomersPortType.h

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FINDCUSTOMERSInput.h

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1

2

3

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4

5

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6

7

8

9

10

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http://www.ibm.com/systems/i/software/iws

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RPG Call Find Customers Program

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Quick Review of Steps

Process to Run RPG Web Service:

1. Stub Generation – Creating a Web Services Proxy (“intermediary” for ILE RPG, COBOL )

2. Use Stubs to build RPG prototypes

3. Compile/Bind and Invocation

4. Run Program

• Prerequisites– C++ Compiler (Compiler - ILE C++, licensed program product ID 5722WDS, option 52)

– Java (IBM Developer Kit for Java, JDK 1.4, licensed program product ID 5722JV1, option 6)=

– C Compiler (Compiler - ILE C, licensed program product ID 5722WDS, option 51)

• Only needed if generating C stubs

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Web Services Client for ILEStep 2: Compile/Bind and Invocation

• Create the application that uses the stubs to invoke the Web service

Client Application

C/C++ stubs (service, method)

Axis Client

Server

Call/Return

Call/Return

SOAP Request

SOAP Response

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IBM Web Services Client – Deep Dive - Configuration

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IBM i integrated Web services client

• IBM i integrated Web services client– Based on Apache AXIS C++ Version 1.5

– A set of native service programs and java tools that enable you to build Web service client applications from existing Web Service Description Language (WSDL) files by generating C/C++ stubs

– Supported on V5R4, V6R1

• IBM i integrated Web services client has the following capabilities: – Support for Web Services Description Language (WSDL) - document literal only

– Supports Web Services Invocation (WSI) 1.0 basic profile compliance

– Support for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

– Java API for XML-based remote procedure call (JAX-RPC) style implementation

– Support IBM i non-Java languages; C, C++, RPG, COBOL

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IWS – client - packaging

• Product install directory is /QIBM/ProdData/OS/WebServices/V1/client– bin/ contains wsdl2ws.sh tool to generate stubs (calls wsdl2ws.jar)– docs/ contain PDF document and API docs– etc/ contains empty configuration file axiscpp.conf– include/ contains header files– lib/ contains service program symbolic links– prereqs/ contains jar files needed by wsdl2ws tool– samples/ contains sample code– WSDL2Ws/ contains wsdl2ws.jar that generates stubs

• Product install library is QSYSDIR– QAXIS10C.SRVPGM => SOAP Engine– QAXIS10HC.SRVPGM => HTTP Channel– QAXIS10HCS.SRVPGM => HTTP Channel SSL– QAXIS10HT.SRVPGM => HTTP Transport– QAXIS10X.SRVPGM => XML Parser

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Questions?

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Trademarks and Disclaimers

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