CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

FROM THE BOOKS OF

GEORGE MORGAN WELCH '03COLONEL

Judge Advocate General's Department Army of the United States

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HISTORY..;

Of'

DELAWARE.160f}-18HR.

J. THOMAS

.

BY

SCHARF, A. :\1., LL. D.,1/

Author of "lIiIltor:1I of ,;lIm'!llulld," "Hwor!l '?f ti,e Oit!1 of P/,ilacklphin, Pa.," elr.,

m.

ASSISTED EY A

STAFF OF AELE ASSISTANTS.

IN TWO VOLUMES, ILLUHTRATED.

VOL. II.

,PHILADELPHIA:

L. ,J. RIC HARDS & CO.HS~~.

/

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L. J. RICHARDS &: CO .All RiyhtB Ruerved.

1 2~):.\.

~,~7R

I'Ht:!'!' lit"

JAM. II. HuUOEUS .'IUS1'ISIJ l'VM:l".\Sr.

I'HII,"D.:I.I)IIIA.

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CONTENTS O}4-' VOLUME II.

,..P"O&

CHAPTER XXVI. NEW CASTLE CoUNTY . . . . . CHAPTER XXVII. WILMINGTON CHAPTER XXVIII.

PAOX

CHAPTER XXXIX. WILMINGTON, BENEFICIAL SocIETIES, ETC . CHAPTER XL

611

826

. . . . 629

WILMINGTON, LITERARY AND. MUSICAL SocIETIES. 884 CHAPTER XLI. WILMINGTON, CEMETERIES. . . . . . . . . . 841 CHAPTER XLII.

WILMINGTON, PuBLIC IMPROVEMENTS, ETC. . . . 663 CHAPTER XXIX. WILMINGTON, MARKET-HouSES. . CHAPTER XXX. WILMINGTON, FIRE DEPARTMENT.. CHAPTER XXXI. WILMINGTON, ScHOOLS . . . . CHAPTER XXXII. WJLIIINGTON, RELIGIOUS CHAPTER XXXIII. WILJlINGTON, BANKING . . . 732 CHAPTER XXXIV. WILMINGTON, CoMMERCE . . . 749 . . . . 699 . . . 683 . . . . 674 . . . . . 672

I

NEW CASTLE HUNDRED.. . CHAPTER XLIII.

. . 848b

CITY OF NBW CASTLE. . . . 854 CHAPTER XLIV. CHRISTIANA HUNDRED . . . . . . . 880 CHAPTER XLV BRANDYWINE HUNDRED . CHAPTER XLVI. MILL CREEK HUNDRED CHAPTER XLVII. WHITE CLAY CREEK HUNDRED . . 932 CHAPTER XLVIII. 914 898

CHAPTER XXXV. WILMINGTON, MANUFACTURING CHAPTER XXXVI. WlLlIINGTON, INNS AND HOTELS.. . . . 810 CHAPTER XXXVII. WILMINGTON, MILITARY .... . . . 815 759

PENCADER HUNDRED . CHAPTER XLIX. RED LION HUNDRED ., . . . . CHAPTER L.

. 948

. 958

ST. GEORGE'S HUNDRED CHAPTER LT.

. 981

CHAPTER XXXVIII. WILMINGTON, SECRET SocIETIES . . . . . . . . 817

ApPOQUlNIMINK HUNDRED . . . . . 1015

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viCHAPTER LII.

CONTENTS.

PAGI:

II

CHAPTER LXVI.PAG&

BLACKBIRD HUNDRED . . . . . . CHAPTER LUI. KENT CoUNTY. CHAPTER LIV. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND CIVIL LIBT . CHAPTER LV. DOVER .. CH APTER LVI.

.10231 LEWES AND REHOBOTH HUNDRED.. CHAPTER LXVII.

. 1215

10281 GEORGETOWN HUNDRED . . . . . . . . . . 1237

i 1031I

ICHAPTER LXVIII. CEDA}( CREEK HUNDRED. . . . CHAPTER LXIX. . . . . 1247

I I

1042 BROADKILN HUNDRED . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255 CHAPTER LXX. INDIAN RIVER HUNDRED.. . . . . CHAPTER LXXI. .1087 i NORTHWEST FORK HUNDRED . . . CHAPTER LXXII. BROAD CREEK HUNDRED . . . . . . . . . . . 1285 CHAPTER LXXIII. 1115 NANTICOKE HUNDRED. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292 CHAPTER LXXIV. . . . 1301 . . . 1276 . . . 1267

EABT DoVER HUNDRED.. . . . . . . . . . . . 1077 CHAPTER LVII.WEST DoVER HUNDRED.. . . . . .

CHAPTER LVIII. DeCK CREEK HUNDRED. . . . . . . . . . . 1091 CHAPTER LIX. LITTLE CREEK HUNDRED . . . . . . CHAPTER LX.

KENTON HUNDRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123 SEAFORD HUNDRED . . . . . CHAPTER LXI. NORTH MURDERKILL HUNDRED . CHAPTER LXII. SoUTH MURDERKILL HUNDRED . .1147 CHAPTER LXXV. .1130 LITTLE CREEK HUNDRED . CHAPTER LXXVI. DAGSBOROUGH HUNDRED . CHAPTER LXXVII. 1171 BALTIMORE HUNDRED.. CHAPTER LXXVIII.

. 1315

.1334

...

CHAPTER LXIII.

MJ8PILLION HUNDRED . CHAPTER LXIV.

.1339

MILFORD HUNDRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182 GUMBOROUGH HUNDRED.. . CHAPTER LXV. SUSSEX CoUNTY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H.OO

.1344

i INDEX . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . 1347

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.VOL. H.

P&GII

PAO&

Adama. Jobn B.............................. ............................. Aabory. Bisbop Francia. ...... . .... . ......... BalIk or DelaWU'8......................................................... Bel18On. N. R............... ............... ............................... Brlgbt, WID. ........................... ...... .......................... ...... Buah. G. W .t So08.. .... ... .................. ......... .............. Bub. Cb........ .................. ..... .................. .................. (JuIer. J. B...... ........................................................... Casler. J. B. naldence .................................................. Cburcbman. George W ............... .................. ............ ..... Clark, Wm. D .............................................................. Clayton Bouae...... ...... .................. ...... ......... ......... ........ C1ayton. Joebua............................................................ Cochran. B. A ............................................................. Crawrord. J. V............................................................ CWllmln.. John.................. ....... ........ ....... ........ ......... Commins, Geo. W........................................................ Dean. Wm...... ............... ..... ...... ...... ......................... Delaware Annne Baptlat Cburch........................... ...... Delaw.... State Capitol .................................................. Diamond Stale Iron Co.. ....... ......... ................... ......... Dilworth. Th.,.. F ............ ............................................. Dorman. J. B ............................................................... Du Pont de Nemoun, E. Du Pont, Alrrer:t V.................. ...... ............... .................. Du Pon!. Alexu I...... ............ ...... ....... ...... ......... ...... ...... Do Punt. La Hulle...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ..................... . ElIlU1On. Andrew... ........ . .......... ........ ......... .......... ........ Fenimore, J. W ............................................................ Fergueon. Baaoett ....... ............ ........................ ............. Ferrie, Benjamin..................... ......... .............. ........ ....... J'rame. Paynter............... ............ ..... ...... ............ ......... Friends' Meetlng.Beuae. Old............... ...... .....................

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978 813994

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Gil... Iaa.ae .................................................................. 1316 Gilpin, Hon. E. W ........................................................ 7(''\

Grace MethodlR Eplecopal Cbnrch...... ............. ...... ......... Hutlngs, W..hlngton............................................. ...... Herbert, Wm............ ..... ..................... ............... ........ HlggiDa, Antbony H.................. .................. ............... Hill ... Ell .................................................................... Hili.., 8aQJuel ............................................................. Hlllea .t Jonea...... ...... ..... .................. ............ .............. Holr""ker. Jobn B ....................................................... HollIngaworth, Elijab......... .................. ........................ Jaclalon. John G............... ........................................... Jacoba, Mn. H. C......................................................... Jak.., Jno. T .............................................................. Jenkins, Jonathan ...... ................................................. JODlll, W..blngton........................................................ Kelley. Alex......... ........ ............................................... Kent County CourtHouse ............................................ Knowleo, Jamea G................................ ........................ Latimer. Henry .. .. . ............ ............... ...... ......... ......... Lea, Wm .t SOO8COmpany ............................................. Lea, Wm .................................................................... Lindeay. D............................................................ ........ Lobdell CarWbeel Co.......... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......... Lnke. Wm....................... ............... ......... ........ ...... ..... HcComb. B. S...... ............................... ................... ...... MarketHouae. Old........ .. ..... ....................................... 1IIartIn. E. L.................................................... ............ )!aeonl. Temple...... ...... ...... ............... .......................... Hemorlal Fonntain...... ..................................... ............

720782 878

960 687 688 784 1108 768 9211 1276 1136 1070 738 769 1036 866 735 780 768 797 7711 798 7114 674 1312 840 830

H_Iek. IIlllee............. , ................................................ 1m Mltcheli. John ............................... _... .................... ...... 9'.!O Hoore. Cbarl.......... ....... ............ ............ ........... ...... ...... 66~ Hoore, BlooDlfteld H.... ..... ........ ........... ....... ......... ....... 792 New Caetle COurtbo...... Old..... .......... ............................ 616 New Cutle CoortH01lt!e, New........................................ UiS Norny. E. B ................................................................ 1012 Old Shipping Haniteet...... ..... ...... ...... ............ ...... ......... 767 Old Swedee' Cbnrch................................. ..................... 705 Pattin. Wellington .................................................... lUll Pilling. John...... ........ ......... ...... .................................. 9~6 Pony Exp.-.......... ...... ......... ..................................... 668 Poole. J. Morton.. ............... ........................ ................ 781 Poetlee, Sleph.n~........................................................... 7110 Preeb)'terilln Cburch. Old ........ ... ........... ...... .................. 712 Puaey And Jonea Company. The........................ ........... 7711 Qnlgley. Philip............................................................. 807 Reed. Jehu M .............................................................. 113U Reed, JehU H . Rea.................................................... 1161 Rlebardson Bouae.................. ...................................... 880 RIdgely. H ................................................................... 1071 Reybold. Pblllp........ .......... .............. ........................... 9M Roblnaon. John N...... ......... ............ .................. ............ 749 Boblnaon. Bobert R..... ..... ...... ......... ......... .............. ....... 748 Saund.n, John........... ... ......... ............ ..... ............ ....... 71K Second Beptlat Cburcb....... .......... ............... ..... ..... ...... 723 Security Truet and Safe Depoelt Bullellng......................... 74.7 Seeds, J_ph C...... ......... ............................................. 806 Seidel and Haatlnge Co....... ......... ........................... ...... 763 Sbakeepear, Wm. H ..................................................... 1084 ShallC1'Ol8. Sereck F... .............. ........... ....... .......... ..... 995 Sharpe. J....................... ....... ........... ....... .................. ... 848 Sbaw. Jamea G............ ...... ......... .............. ............... ...... 864 Shipley Hanolon... ............... ..................... .............. ....... 632 Shlp!.y. J_ph ............................................................ 63~ Simpeon. CI.menl 0 .................................................... 1174 Smltb. Albert W.................. ......................................... 741 Smith .t Painter........ .................. ................................. 799 Smltb. Samu.I..... .. ......... .... ..... .......... ...... .................. 6IlO 8t. Jobn's Pro_nt Eplecopal Cburch..................... ...... 7t9 Suaeex County COUrt-HOUM ............................................ [tOIl s_x Manufacturing Company...... ......... ................. ...... 1242 Tatman. Cb ................................................................. 101/1 Talnali. J_ph ........................................................... 734 Tharp. Benl..b.............................................................. 1172 Treat, C. H Manufacturing Company ............................ 1242 Vandegrift, J. H...... ........ ....... ................. ............. ....... 968 Vandegrift, L. G........................................................... 989 Vincent, Franc..... ............. .......... ...... ..................... ...... 698 Wataon. C. 8................................................................. 1192 Warner, Oh.... Go...... ...... ......... ... ...... ...... ......... ............ 758 Webb. Capt. Tbom........ ..... ........ ........................ ........ 911 W~.l. Tbom........ .................... ...................... ......... ...... 1~16 Weat, Thon ..... Building.............................................. 636 Weet Preeblterlan Church......... ...... .............................. 716 Willey. S. J ................................................................. 698 Willi.. J. S ................................................................. 1198 Wilmington Boarding8cbool... ......... ............... ...... ...... ... 68U Wilmington Hlgb SCbool................................ ....... ..... 096 Wilmington Savllll!" Fund........ .... ........ ...... ....... .. ....... HO WlUon. Wm ................................................................. h.lH Wiltbank. Jno. H ........................................................ 12.'i6 WOilaatOD. Samue!..... ......... .......................................... 1146

iii

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HISTORY OF DELAWARE.

CHAPTER XXVI.NEW

.. wu.-. ),our HOllOr bath beeD pleuecl:1o admltt ot a Ley)' b), the Pole, wee Iud that the .... CUI IlO& be paid will out a II"DenJ meetlDg or Hlgb Oourt ot all tb. J...ucee ODce .. ),ear."

The court, at this meeting, appointed John Moll as treasurer, and on the 18th of September, 1677, passed NEW CASTLE COUNTY is the most northern county of the following order, directed to Samuel Land, constaDelaware, and contains an area of about five hundred ble of New Castle: square miles. It is bounded on the north by Penn"YOD are bereb)', ID bl. required 10 take a true aDd .xsylvanill, on the east by Delaware River and Bay, on act llet ot all tb.. TJdabl. [Taxable] potl'llO'" from 16 to 60 ),ean of adll", ..... lu),,," OOUDdI, ..... Is all), ... uth Iide at Crllteeua Creeke, ,,04 the south by Kent County, on the west by Maryland. .. dowuw"rdo 10 the IOUth I)'de of St. Georp'l l.'reek, ll1Cludlug all tbe It is drained by the Brandywine and Christiana IDbab11all1l betweeD the two Croak., aDd th. _ . to brlog &It)'8 Dezt 10 be beld 10 New Cull., OB )'. lint Tueeda)' of )'1 moDth of Rivers, and by the Red Clay, Red Lion, Duck and Oourt Oct. Dext, for tbe dolDg ot ... this lbail bee )'''" warrant. Appoquinimink Creeks. It is the most populoua coun"GIYeD UDder m)' baDd ID New Cutle the 18th Sept.,1677. "JOHN MoLL." (Signed) ty in Delaware, and in manufactures and many proA similar order W88 issued to Charles Ramsey, oonducts exceeds the other counties. It is intersected by the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore, Wil- stable in Christiana, "w" is all ye north syde of Crismington and Northern, Baltimore and Ohio, and Del- teena Creeke up as far as ye Bogt Creeke, above Oole aware Railroads. It contains the city of Wilmington, fransen's house." This is the first record in which the early limits of and Brandywine, Christiana, Mill Creek, White Clay Creek, New Castle, Pen eader, Red Lion, St. George's, the county are defined. The rate 1988 to each persnn Appoquinimink and Blackbird Hundreds. Wilming- twelve gilders and ten styvers, payable either in wheat at five gilders, rye four gilders, barley four ton is the county-seat. The early history of the territory embraced in gilders, schepple Indian corn three gilders, schepple what is now New Castle County has been given else- tobacco eight styvers per hundredweight, pork at where in the general history of the State. The eight styvers and bacon at sixteen styvers. The list of taxables, which is given on pages 158county first assumed its boundaries in 1678. In that year the New Castle Court defined the boundaries of 1M, of the first volume of New Castle County Court the county as being" north of the Steen Kill," or Records, contains three hundred and seven names, of Stony Creek, now at Quarryville (it being the south which sixty-four are given as residents on the line of a tract of land called .. The Boght"), and .. Eastearne Shoare." The phrase "Eastearne Shoare" refers to the now extended southward to Bombay Hook and Duck Creek; and it also embraced land on the eastern New Jersey shore, which W88 then supposed to be Ii part of Delaware. The division into assessment disshore of the Delaware, now in New Jersey. In the early days of the county the settlements tricts then made are the embryos of what later bewere infested with wolves. To remove the pests, in come hundreds} 1676, the court passed an order Gffering forty gilders The returns of the constables were as follows : for each wolf-head brought into court. This order "December 8, 1683, New CallIe, 109 taublel; North ChrletlDa did nol have the desired effect, and on January 6, 1 William Penn, 10 a letter to the J...u... of tbe potaC8 10 Su_x 1677-78, it was ordered that the inhabitants erect elated Chelter, tbe 26tb of TeDth Mooth, 1682, 10 wrltlog of fifty" woolf-pitts" along the streams before May 1st, OouDt)'. laud, "'Y": .. That ),OU eodeayor 10 _ tbe land that Iball b.....fter be taken up In tbe wa)' or townlblpa. AI tb ...... tbouHnd ... _ amoDpt under a forfeiture of seventy-five gilders. fam1l1l; If IIIDgie potno... one tboueaod ac...... AmODpt Teno of The co11ectio08 of customs and quit-rents, being in- TeDn tbem laid out In tbe Dature of .. 10Da: oquare lYe or TeDD of alllde, aod sufficient to defray the current expenses of the a w,,)' of two bUDdred foot broad left betweeD tbem for aD Hlgbwa)' In the TOWDlblp, ,,04 I would bays ),ou careful for tbe tuture good and county, in 1676 Governor Andros ordered the court a;rate beoellt of 10"r COUDt.,." The 11m meotioD of the term "Hundred" we bave Cound ID tbe to raise a 'Sufficient sum of money by a levy upon the public recurdl, otber tban tbe ooe oC Duck Creek Hundred, ID 1687, Is inhabitants. On the 8th of June, 1677, the justices to be Couod 10 a deed dated J . nuary 15, .1"108, from William Gnwt, of ppoqulolmlo Hundred, 10 Jobo Dowareer, ur St. Georp'. Huodred. reaponded to this order as follows: 611COUNTY.

CASTLE

M....- _,

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612....ebl'll&r:J 17, 1684-86. .. New Cut\e, 107 taxahl .... "Yo nortb of Duck Creel, 400 acres; John Smith, 200 acres; Joseph Cookson, 200 acres; Joseph l\loore, 100 acres; John Smyth, Whyte Claye Creek, 200 acres; Anthony Wallis, 150 acres; Conrad Constantine, 150 acres; Hendrick Garrettson, 150 acres; Gyles Barrett, 100 acres; Edmund Linsey, 200 acres; James Taylor, 400 acres; Peter Claetlllon, 200 acres; Henry Watkinson, 200 acres; John 8talcop, Samuel Peters and Andrew Stalcop, 200 acres.

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NEW OASTLE COUNTY.Dlrck DlOgbertlleD. Pleter Abrlock. Oale ClemeDlOD. EmeDlu ~ B1ogh. .TaD Bo,er. .Tao Aodrl_o Slalcop HarmoD .TaIUl8D. :r.a.e Aodrlea GUbbaD. llaiheu IAenon T_o. CrIstIao Aodrl_o. Peter Ba,..rd. Peter Volkertlleo."

613

FORTS, BLOCK AND COURT-HouSES AND PRISONS IN NEW CASTLE CoUNTY.-The early COUrts or New d. Castle County were held in the forts that were erected 1776. ChrI8tI...... Hundred Powder tax................. 680 18 0 1780. CouulJ tax, New Castle Huodred ............. 2&,368 16 0 by the Swedes and Dutch. The first of these was Cbrlltlane Hundred ............... 38,:136 1\ 0 Fort Casimir, which was erected Gn a point at New BraodJWloe Huodred ............ 15,382 10 0 Slnklug Fund ... 28,012 10 0 Oastle, extending out into the Delaware River, which Mill Creek Hundred ............... 17,797 10 0 has slowly gained upon the shore and washed the site SInkIng Fuod ... 32,2&1 10 0 Peocader Huodred ................ 16,630 00 0 away. Red Lloo Huodred ............... 14,373 16 0 Jean Paul Jacquet was appointed Vice-Director of Sloklog Food ... 25,872 16 0 SL Georp Huodred ............... 36,048 16 0 the territory on the Delaware, and assumed command Appoqulnlmlok Hundred....... 27,210 00 0 of the fort early in December, 1655. He appointed a SInkIng J'und ..... 48,978 00 0 The following is taken from the Levy Court rec- Council for the colo ny and laid out the town of ords of 1815, and contains a summary of taxes in that New Cutle. On the 26th of December, at his request Elmerhuysen Cleyn, Dirck Smith, Guysbert Bracy, yeN': "..4""""" 01 ""'lIIIIion 01 fYal """ ,.,--..I ~ fa 1M _III lor 1M Hans Hopman and Andraes Hudde, members of the ,ear 1815: Council, examined the fort and reported that they .. Brand,wlne Hundred ...............................................1218,801 found it " to be decayed in its walls and batteries and t.'hriatlaoa .. .. ............................................. 819,878 that if the same fort, if a good work is to be made of Peocader ................................................ 189,096 N~w Cutle ............................ .. ................ 3OIl,768 it, must be run up from the ground, wheres. the outlied L,0n .............................................. 128,753 work has already fer the greater part fallen under Mill Creek ............................................... 228,~6 White Clay C'k " ............................................. 143,992 foot, and what is still standing must neceaearily fall, Appoqueolmlok .. ........................... .................... 361.501 because it is burst and distended (by water)." SL George'. .. ............ ............ ........................ 898,686" It does not appear wheth er any repairs upon the fort The assessed valuation of New Castle County for were made under Vice-Director Jacquet, as he waR the year 1887 is as follows: removed in March, 1657, and was succeeded in May Brandlwlne Huodred ............................................ 12.630,166 Wilmington !'1ortbern Dllltrlct ............................... 12,798,82ll following, by Vice-Director Jacob Alrichs. Wllmlngteo Southern Dlatrlct ................................. 11 029.173 In reply to a letter of the Governor on June 14th and Cbrlltlaoa Hundred...... ..... .......................... ......... 3.089.681 11111 Creek Huodred................... ........................... 2.339,489 20th, in the same year, he says : "Thereto comes that While Clal Creek Huudred............................. ...... 1.620.191 in such a newly begun work daily great burdens and Peocader............................................. ................ 1.472,680 New Cutle............................................................ 3,3211.186 expenses will occur quite unexpec tedly, also that the SL George............. .............................................. 8,495,623 fort and other [buildings] are much decayed, so that Appoqulolmlnk ...... ............................................... 1.393,1186 there is no warehouse or other place to store the proBla.:kblrd......... ......... ...... ...................... ..... ......... 930,537 Red Lion........................ ...................................... 1.408,714 visions, etc., and protect them agai nst rain and other Elections had been held before 1811 without any damages; the quarters too, are too small, besides very 8peciallegislative ac'ion, but on the 13th of January leaky and very much out of re pairs; the ramparts and of that year an act passed the General Assembly for curtains in no way suitable, the platforms for the cant.he purpose of regUlating general elections in the nons unHt for use, the parapets so decayed that one can State. The county of New Castle was divided into pass over them as easily as through the inner gate itself, nine districts, each embracing the territory of a 80 that also an outer gate had to be made to be somewhat in position of defence mostly [against] the hundred, with the following polling-places : let, Brnndlw1ne Huodred-B1ue BAli InD, Conrord Road, kept bl Swedes, who still [nourish] great hopes to be reinGeorge ){lIIer. stated." 2d, Cbrletlana IInndred-holUl8 or Mal')' Hendenon. Alricbs writes to the Governor, March 18, 1658, that 3d, Mill Creek Hundred-MermaId TaYern, William Ball. 4th. White Clay Creek Hundred-holUl8 or John Herdmen. Newark. "the house in the Fort in which I live, has been 5th, Peocader Hondred-houee of Dayld Al'IIIIVoog, Glaalow. I Ith, New Castle Hundred-.1ohn Hare'. Tavern (oow Hare'. Co.... raised one third for a cham ber and a garret. . nen). have also been obliged to make a new guard-house, as 7tb, Red Lion Hondred-Dlana BiddIe'. Tavern, SL George' the old one could not he used and was entirely de8th. 8L Oeorge'o Hnndred-at the Trap House or TbOlDlUl Cornelll,. 9th, Appoqulolmlok HQBdred-J........ Mllla' Tavern, Blackbird. cayed."

The descendants of many of these persons are still residents of Delaware. The hundreds from time to time assumed independent relations, and by 1710 were all formed under their present boundaries with the exception of Wilmington and Blackbird Hundreds, which were both laid out within the last fifty years. The following taxes were levied at various times, which may prove of interest:

The county of New Castle is at present divided into forty-three election districts, twenty-seven of which are in Wilmington and sixteen embrace the hundreds of the county The population of New Castle by the census of 1880 is 9.8 follows:Appoqulnlmlnk.......... ...... Blackbird................... ..... Brand,wlne............... ...... Cbrlatlana................. ....... Mill Creek ............ _.......... New Cutl.......... ........ ...... New CutIs CllJ.... ....... ...... Pencader.......................... 2351 17783649

6140 3474 1568 3700 23IiO

Red Lioo............ .............. 2480 (Including Delaware Cltl and St. George' .. ) 8t. George............. .......... 8793 Mlddlotown............. ........ 1280 Newark......... .................. 1148 White Cial Creek... ...... ..... 1627 WllmlngtoD ...................... 42,478

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614

HISTORY OF DELAWARE.William Tom, the clerk of the court at New Castle, in a letter to Gov. Lovelace, dated March 9, 1671, says:.. Sixthly. or intencon here I. to build a blockho..... ill foote "'Inare wth 4 aU evory end for lIIancklln tbe middle of tbe Town., the fort not being IItt to be repaired, and If repaired of noe (Iefence, lying at the extreme end of the towne. and uoe gorrilOn; therefore wee beg that wee may haYe Ubty to pull It downe and make " .. oC tbe tile. brick. and other nlateri"l. for the " .. or '" new intended fortiftcaeon. w.... Ir we bave noe occuion for... we fear wee oball. will bee couvenient for a court bou... notwithotandlng."

After Mr. Alrichs' death in December, 1659, Alex_ ander de Hinijossa was in command. The court-room is mentioned as held in the fort the first time on June 30, 1660. Commissary Beekman, writing from Fort Altena in reference to the inventory of the late Mr Alrichs' property and of Mr. deHinijossa's, said: " That the city would take it very ill that their court-room was so despoiled of chairs, books, pictures and other things." This room was in the upper story of a building within the walls of the fort, as is shown by a letter from William Beekman, dated 9th ofSeventh Month 1661, where he says, "I appeared yesterday before the court in the fort of New Amstel, where I found not more than two persons. . . . John Hendrick and Pieter Pietersen Herder, which two Commissaries made me come up stairs in the court room." On the 5th of October, 1670, Capt. John Carr, commander, made proposals to the Council at New Castle setting forth" that a suitable place might be selected here at New Castl!! to erect some fortifications for times of need, and that another place might be chosen above Christiana Kill, which would serve as retreat in times of need, and should also be fortified." The Council took the subject under consideration and it was resolved :"1. That It .... thought the market-pI.... whe .... the bell hltngs waa the moot conyenlent p)..., In New Culle to el1!Ct blockhou_ for defenolve pUI'pI*I, and Il wu """,Ived to gIve the order "",cordlogly, provided hi. Honor. Captain Carr. oball cede ro.... ,er tbe ground n _ _ ry thereto without ....talnlng any claim 00 It. A. to the expenoee and labor .... qnlred for the aCoreoald fortifIcation. and block-ho_ the citizens of New Castle are llrot to advance money, each according to hla m...n. and position. to pay the laborers, provided that Inh"bltanto DC thl. dlltrlct, able to do ..11 aucb workhall be h~ld to aooillt In tb. work ... occuion may require. , "z. Concerning the fortillcatione above, the matter ito I.n to tbe diecretion of tbe people there. to chooee the molt cOllvenlent place or p)...,o for the def.nce. All, however. with tbe underotltndlng that, If no war breaks out wltb the natlY ... wblcb God may prevent, tb. _Id ho.....ball be ueod ror the public aervieee, ao coullcll hOU88, prllon and Cor otber public purpoooe, while they may be IUled lUI ouch by the whol. River for a pnerall and public account and expen.... "Thl .-.Iullon oball not be carried into elfect without onler of hll Honor, the General, but preparatlonl may be made In """ ....t without aroullDg _plcion lIWIong tbe naLlv ... U Jon)l CARR. (Signed) "WILL To., ., H. BUCK,IIII

These matters were considered by the Council in New York June 14, 1671, which decided, first:"Alto yo llrot Branch. ye Inbabltantll of y'Town. or New CaoUe may usure tbem88I ... or all due Encouragement. And what I. propooed .. to yo Erecting or a Block-HOUle for their Common Derence III very well approved of. The om...ro tbe .. being bereby Authorized to pr-=ute tbat !leHlgne by enjoynlng ye Inbabltanto and otbe.. concerned to gooon aDd fi.niah tbe l&JUe.n

Section thirteen recites:"It I. len Ie ye care or Y' Captain Carr and yo reot of Y' om.... in New CaotI. to lOe tbat tb. Materiall In ye Forte be preoerved In Y' beet Dlanner they obaU tblnk lilt. who ba IIkewi.. Liberty to dlep..e of ""cb of tbem toward ye Erecting of y' new Iforte or Block-Hou"" as tbere oball be occuIon."

It was also provided in this allswer from the Council that the license fees for distilling strong liquor "sbaH goe toward ye reparacon of ye New Block House or fl'orte or some other publicque work." The work was begun, but proceeded slowly, and in the summer of the next year (1672) Captain Edmund CantweH, who was then high sheriff of New Castle, wrote to Governor Lovelace, asking:.. That blo Honor would pl_ to gl hlo Inotnlctlon. about the IInllhlng Y' Block-Hou.. In Del..ware w,h otaudeth 8tlllin that posture hla HODor len It. It II hlgb time that IIOme opel'dy onler bee taken tbereln In regonl. not only of the troubl.. now likely to enoue from the Warn in Europe, but that wbat I. already ."pended thereupon will be .. goad as thrown away by reaaon .. it I. now II only ltand. Rnd rotto. lt ia hnnlbly conct'ivl'd that tho molt elf""tnall DlelLllO to be DIed Cor )'e lk'ComplllhmeDt will be by a Oenl Tax to bee Impooed botb upon ye Towne and Blver."

PETE& RAMBO,PETEa KOCK. n

Before the fort or block-house was completed the Dutch again become the dominant power, and at a meeting held at Fort William Hendrick, 12th of September, 1673, by the commanders of the forts and territory, Jacob Benckes, Cornelis Evers, Jr., and Captain Anthony Colve, the deputies from South River, appeared and presented their credentials, and the followillg concerning the forts or block-houses was granted:"2. Somebodyoball be appointed Command.r at tbo !bert A.btoo ................................................... May 16. 1690 Jobn H.yley ..................................................... M..)" 16, 1890 Henry WIIII&IIl8................................................ M..y 16. 1690 Jobn Rlchardaon ................................................. Juol 8. 169.~ John Doooidsuo .................................................. June 8, 1695 Jubn 1I0uoon ......................................................Jun. 8. 1695 Juhn William............................................ " ...... June 8. 1695 Adanl leteraou .................................................June 8, lOSt:l Ch.rl... Spring.r ..................................... No.~mber 10. 1i14 W..... I. Alrlch........................................... November 10. 1714 Sylv..lerUarland ..................................... No.ember 10.1714 Robert Gurdon.......... ...... ............ . ................ Augu.t o. 1726 Jooeph Eogl.nd ............................................. Augn.t 5.1726 Cbarl.R 8prlnger............................................ Augu.t ~, 17~6 John RiChanlBOO ............................................ Augn.t 5.1726 Jam .. Jam........... .... .. ................................\ ugun 6. li~6 W lIliam Batt~lI........... .. ................................. Augll8t 5, 1726 David E.an.................................................... .lugnot 5. 1726 Audrew P.lenon ............................................. Auguat 6. 1726Ebelle,..er EW}J8011 ............................................. Angual. 5, 1726

Dedimlt Potealatem.-On the 10th of April, 1756, the following persons were appoic ted to administer the oath of office to persons in the counties of New Castle. Kent and Sussex, and to civil and military officers. For New Castle-Jacob Von Bebber, William Armstrong, Richard McWilliams and David Bush. For Kent-Benjamin Chew, John Vining, John Brinckloe, Andrew Caldwell, John Gooding aod Theodore Maurice. For Sussex-Jacob KoUock. John Clowes, Thomas Till, Benjamin Burton and Sheppard Kollock.XBW CASTLE ('Ol'STl'.

R. McWIllI ..m...............................................October 24. 1774 GeorK" Read .................................................. October 24, 1774 Gllnnlng &dr"n!. ............................................ lIlarch 8. 1777 Blcbard McWilliam........................................ M..n,b 8. 1777 Janl. Booth .................................................... March R, 1777 Georg. Read ............. .......... ..... .. ................... Octobur 9. 1797 J ....... Booth ................................................. Oclober 9, 1797 XeUleY John................................................. Oclober 9. 17!17 Arcbibald .\leXHIJ(I~r .................................. F.bruary 2, I!K~l J.-pb Ta&low ............................................ F~bru.ry ~, 18112 Jobn Bird................ ...... .. ........................ F.hm"ry 2. I8IJ~ Ke.....y Jobuo............................................. February 11I.18',~ Jam... Booth ...............................................~bmary 15. I~OO .......n Thomas ..............................................ebruary 16. IlK,,; J_pb Tat1ow ............................................. F.bruary 15.18,,5 Jam.. Bootb ................................................ Marcll 26. 1806 Evan TbomaB. ............................................. M..rcb 26. 1806 Kenaey Jub"................................................ Marcb 26. 1806 llamnel Barr ................................ : ................. M..rcb 26. 1806 Jam ... R. BlAck ............................................ February 2, 1~11 Daniel Blaney............ ....... ................... F.brn"ry 2. 1~1I John Crow .................................................. Fehru.. ry 2. 1~1l .J.mao R. Black ............................................. .-I.uguat la. 1814 Evan ThollJ88 ................................................\ ngu.t 1:1. un. .Jamea Bootb. ,Ir............................................ .\ugll8t 13.1814 K."""y Juhu.. Jr ........................................... Au,gll8t 13. 1814

JUllicu oj the Peace.-The justices of the peace were magistrates of the court until after Delaware became a State. But little has been ascertained of the S\Vedish and Dutch courts. Trials of small cases were conducted by the Vice-Director and his Council, and although the English came into possession in 1664, there is no mention of magistrates until April 21, 1668, when Governor Richard Nicolls appointed Hans Blocq, Israel Helme, Peter Rambo, Peter Cock and Peter Alrichs to be magistrates on the Delaware. then embracing Upland, New Castle and Whorekill. On

Haus HaulOn ................................................. Augullt 6, 17:lh Jamel Dyre .....................................................-\ ugult 5, 17:!ti Samuel Kirk ................................................ Augu.t h, 17ttiKleban! GraltoD ...............................................Auguat b, 17:!ti

Simon Hadley ................................................. AUgU8t 5. Da.ld HaDlOo .................................................. AI'Iill!\). William Read ................................................. April ~Il. Tb"m .. Janu.ry ............................................... Aprll 21),

1726 li:.!7 17!7 In7

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HISTORY OF DELAWARE.John Joneo ................................................... 0ct0ber28. 1769 WIIII ..m William................, ....................... October 28, 1769 John Stapl.r .......... : ....................................Oc!tt'luiler .. ~ l~Hl

WlilialD Carpenter ........................................I,,'OOIary 1\ 1,,'rl

New Castle Jttsticea of the Peace.Jam.. Campbell. .................................... y .... mbor 18. 1t!U3

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NEW CASTLE COUNTY.Robert PhlUpe............................................ December 26. lao. Robert MaxweU ............................................. January 3, 1806 Oliver R. Howell ............................................January 3. 1806 Col John Clark ..........................................September 6. 1806 OaIeb Kirk ................................................... October 23. 1806 John HlIll. Jr ............................................ November 14.1806 William WIUIama............................................)I&reh 26.1806 Edward Roche ..............................................February 4, 1807 George Rupert............................................... August 8. 181/7 William Fraser .......................................... December 15, 1807 Samuel Barr ...............................................February 10. 1808 Jam.. Grubb ......................................................June 6, 11108 Jam"" Mil....................................................... August H. 1808 Joaeph Burn ................................................ December 6. 1808 Evan ThoDl&8 ............................................. December 31. 1808 Elieha Boulden ......................................... December 31. 1808 William Carpenter........................................Jauuary 25. 1809 George Pean:e ...................................................June 14. 1809 John GlaIsow ...................................................... May 7. 1811 John M.rritt .................................................. J .. nuary So 1812 Oliver R. Howell .......................................... January 16. 1812 John Torbert................................................January 16,1812 William Juhnoon ........................................... J.nuary 8, 1812 En... Walter .................................................. Mareh 10.1813 Arnold S. NallClaln ............................................... May 7. 1813 llAmuel Moore ...........................................September 25. 1813 Thomu Reynolde ..................................... November 12. 181a Edward Roch................................................February 6, 1814 Amos Sandera.................................................. June 17. 1814 George R ....II ................................................ Auguat 8, 1814 William Frazer............................................J.nuary 19. 1816 llAmuel &rr ...................................................... )I&y 13, 1816 John Lowber.................................................... M..y n, 1816 Jam.. Grubb......................................................Jun. 7. 1816 Pum.1 COrbett ............................................... Anguat 19, 18UI Jacob FarIa .........................................................May 7.1816 Na&han Bouldin ................................................ May 27. 1816 George Plerce. ...................................................June 24, 1816 J.remlah Lewd.n ......................................... December~. 1816 Alexander McFarl.n ........................................... June 6, IH17 Thomu McDowcll ............................................. Juue 25, 1818 John Elliot................................................ November 16, 1818 Evan Tbomu.................................................... June 7,1819 Thon.u Reyno1de .......................................... January 14, 1820 Jobn Green ..................................................J.nuary 14. 182f) Peter WUlIama............................................. F.bruary 3, 1820 Samuel Moore ............................................ September 26. 1820 John Janln ................................................. J ..nuary 10, 1821 Edward Roch............................................... February 6. IH21 Frederick Leonard ............................................ Aprlll0. 1821 John Tweed ...................................................... JU08 18, 1821 James And.roon ............................................. Auguat 10. 1821 Wllliem V.ndegrlft ......................................... Mareh 27, 1822 Dlcklnoon Webet.r ...................................... November 29. 182'.1 Joahua Jell'eroon ............... , ............................. January 8. 1823 Jacob Farl.................................................... Febn....." 7. 1823 Jolan Moody .................................................. October 23.1823 )'red.rlck CraIg ............................................. October 23, 1823 tltephen WlIU............................................. December 23. 1823 Zadock TOwUl8nd ............................................... July 31. 1824 Thumu McDowell ............................................ Juno 27. 1l!25 John McCracken ................................................. M.y 6. i825 John B1Uot ................................................. November 6. 1825 George Pearce ............................................November 23, 1825 Joahua Clayton ........................................... February 22, 1826 Jam.. Borden .................................................. Mareh 20, 1826 Evan Tbom.....................................................June 14. 1826 W\IIIam SlIver ................................................ Augult 26, 1826 W\IIIam Nlch01llon ..................................... September 6,1826 Thomu Roblnoon ....................................... September 5. 1827 AmOl Sandera Jobn J ..nYler................................................J ..nuary 10, 1828 Frederick Leonard ............................................. Aprll 10. 1828 W\IIIam Stnete ............................................. October 14.1828 Andrew Bradley ......................................... Nov.mberl0.1828 William V.ndegrlft ............................................ April 6, 1829 BanJ. Caulk .............................................. November 30. 1829 John Cornwell ............................................... .J..nuary 6. 18:10 William Carpenter.......................................... J.uuary 8. 18l1O Jacob FariI ................................................. February 17.1830 Abraham Egbert ......................................... December 28.1830 WIIDlm McCaulley ...................................... February 14, 18.'11 John Wood ...................................................... April 24, 1831 ThOmM )(cDowell ................................................July6. 18:12 Robert Tweed ...................................................... July 6. 1832 Jam.. Henry .......................................................July8. 1&'12 Jam .. RobiIlllOD .......................................... Nu'ember 21. 1832 W\IIlam A. Aldred ..................................... November 21, 111112 Jobn EllIot .....................................................Mareb 23, 1838

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Jam.. Delaplaln................................................. Aprll 6, 1838 Thomu Janvier, Jr............................................. July 2, 1838 Thomas McDowell ................................................July 6, 1833 Robert Turner .................................................... July 6, 1833 Jamee H.nry .......................................................July 0, 1833 Jobn Wiley ....................................................... July 12. 1833 James RoblllllOu .............. _ .........................September 21, 1838 W\IIIam W.ldon .......................................... F.bruary lID, 111M Howard Ogle .....................................................Jun8 11, 18:K Samu.1 Carpenter .............................................. .July 16. 18:K WIIII.m Tbompeon ............................................. July lli. IBM naTld Jllltll..................................................... July 16.18:K John Janvier ............................................... J ..nuary U. 1836 Alex. Macbeth .................................................. Aprll 11, 1836 Dr. John L. Morrle............................................April 13, 1836 J_ph M. Roberti ............................................. July16. 1836 Dr. A. P. Beading .......................................... October 26, 1836 George R_ll ........................................... November 14, 1836 Fred.rlck Leonard .....................................September 10. 1836 WIlIIem Nlcholoon .......................................... Man:h 27.1837 Andrew Bradley ................................................ Aprll 3, 1837 Abraham Egbert ......................................... December ~8, 1837 WIllI.m McCaulley ...................................... February 14,1839 Jobo Wood ...................................................... April 24. 1839 Jam.. RoblllllOn ........................................ December 10, 1839 Tbomu McDoweU ............................................... July 4. 1839 Curtll Tweed ...................................................... Aprll 8, 1840 William P. Veach ...............................................July 16.1840 Samuel Jam................................................. January 18. 1841 Thomu Flnn.man ............................................. Marnb II, 1841 Samuel Qirpenter ......................... , ...................... April 5, 1841 Jam.. HllIton ...................................................... Julyl. 1M! Samu.1 Jam.................................................Jannary 18, 1841 Tbomu I1nnem&o ............................................Man:b 6. 1841 Jam.. Hn.ton ...................................................... Julyl. 1841 Pblllp H. Jonee ...................................................July 1. 1841 Samuel Carpenter .......................................... August 11,1841 Leyl B. Moore ............................................... October 26. 1841 Jobn Janvier ............................................... January 18. 1842 Slepben Boddy .................................................. .JulyI8. 18411 John M. Smltb ............................................ November 1. 1842 SUllm ..n Am............................................... February 21.1843 Peregril1e HendrlckllOn ........................................June 9. 1843 Frederick LeoDllrd..................................... September 11. 184.'1 Sheward JohnlOn .......................................... F.bmery 7. 1844 Enoch Gray ................................................ February 14.1844 Cllarl .... TatmAn ................................................ Aprll 24, 1844 Andrew Bradley .......................................... Nov.mb.r 6, 18.4 Robert W. Black ................. .......................... Octuber 27, 1846 John i. Robinson ...................................... November 3. 1846 William Streel8 .......................................... Nov.mber 22, 1846 F ....nklln W. Clem.nt................................... \Jecember 3. 1846 Foeter Boon .............................................. December 22, 1846 Thomas McDow.Il ............................................... .July 7. 1846 J ..mes RoblnlM)n ............................................ January 15. 1847 Jacob B. Naudalu .......................................... January 15. 1847 larael Towneend ........................................... January 16. 1847 Jobn Bradrord ................................................ March 16. 1847 Henr, L. Peckord ......................................... August 19. 1847 Jobn Whaon ............................................. D.cember 24.1847 Max B. Ocholtree. Thomas Clyde ........................................................ July. 11148 J ..mes R. Tuwo........................................... September 6. 1848 John Foot..................................................... January 2. 1849 Jam.. Hu.ton ...............................................J ..nuary 25. 1849 Tbomas C1emeote .......................................... January 27. 1849 W. S. Allmond ................................................ F.bruary. It!49 Fredu. Pel1nlngton ...................................... F.hruary 1 .1849 Samuel J.II"eroon ....................................... F.bn.ary 15. 1849 Pet.r Count.......................... ...... .. ................. July 21. 1849 Thomas M. Ogle ...................................... S.ptember 25. 1849 William Wiggin........................................ Sept.mber 25. 1849 Josiah Rld&ew..y ................................................ Jllly 17. HI,,1 How.rd Ogl.................................................Octooor 10, IBM John C. W t.................................... .... .. .... October 2fI. 11 John Cleland ....................... 18:15 John Gonion ...................... 18.1~ Wllliaru To ... _nd ............... 18:11\ JalD.. We.. b...... .. ......... 18:16 David Bnoh ....................... 11!.16 Tbom.. young................... 111.16 Mahloo Betta.......... ... 1836 William P. Brobeun ..... .... 1.3, Neleon Cleland .................... 11!.17 WIlliam !!eal. ..................... 11ClM John A. DUUCKU .... . 18:IM ...... 1gl!1 Dr. Allen MeIA"" lH3!1 J8m ... W.b... .. l~j!l Juhn Harris ...... . William Tuwn.. ud .. 11.1

The (JUg 7reawrer bas always been an elective official. His term was originally one year, and his salary four bundred dollars; now he servel! two years, and is paid one thousand two hundred dollars per annum. Allan ThoD1son was borough treasurer for twelve years, and after him came the following:John Reynold..................... Henry Bleb ....................... John 8J&gany.. ............. ..... IMac DIxon ....................... Abraham AIderdICR.............. 10.." Dixon ........................ Bohert R. KoblO8On ............. John T. RobiDlOn ................ Benjamin S. C1.rke........ ...... Jooepb Scott ........................ Benjamin S. Clarb .............. lieleon Carlllll.................... George D. Arm.troog...........lR32 111:17 18401~1

1843 11144 1848 llWl 18Ill 1862 1853 IRM ItI57

Jam... F. Wiloon. M.II ......... Jobn F. MIII.r ................... William P ....lon .................. W ..ley THIl.y ..................... William Preoton .................. George C. Marl.................. Jain.. McCabe ................... Jooepb L. Kilgo....... ........... Francl. Vincent........ .......... John Gnthrl...................... Jacob E. Pie ........................ Millon S. Simpen ..... .. ..... Richard B. GrlMth ..............

18.~0

1861 188-1lRfllj

1866 1867 1869 1870 1873 1879 1882 IBM 11186

Municipal Cburt.-From 1832 to 1883 the mayor was the sole police and committing magistrate, but on June I, 1883, the Municipal Court was el!tablished by an act of the Legislature, to &88ume the functions of primary jurisdiction. Walter Cummins WRS appointed by Governor Stockley as judge of the court, and still holds the position. Henry R. Penington WRS clerk until his death, in September, 1886, and his succeH8or, William B. Hyland, was appointed, and has since been the incumbent. OhUt! Engineer.-The department of engineering and surveying was created by an ordinance pasaed by City Council, January 5, 1871. The head of the department is the chief engineer, who receivel! an annual salary of two thousand dollars, and is chosen by Council for a term of three years. He is allowed two or more &88istanta at an eight hundred dollar salary. Daniel Farra was elected chief engineer in 1871, and in 1874 was superseded by Myers C. Conwell, who resigned in 1883 and went on professional service to the United States of Colombia, where he soon perished of yellow fever. Frederic H. Robinson was elected his successor, and was filling the office in 1887. TM Oily COfmcil.-Under the charter of 1832 the election of Councilmen was so fixed, thRt while theI J:lec:ted by a nwJorll,. flf Dine vot. oYer J ..hn B. LowIL

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Jt'1Ht18 I.II~ ........................... l1'\.I);'

Joho Uice .................... 1~MI .Iohn R.llloll>h ...................... 11Il>4 Juhn S. Brarly ................. 18..4 8Rllluel McCaulley ................ 185& Ylncent e. Ullpln .................. 1854 Tbonn," Z. llahalfcy ............ IBM

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HISTORY OF DELA WARE.William Canby ........ '" ......... 1874 Wm. McMenamIn ................ 1874 William M. Canby.. . .. I~H M. L. Llchtenot.ln.. ..IS71 Honr, W. 1>0.. 1110", .1874 H ..rtln Farrall....... ..1874 Loul. P. Lyn'h ......... . .1874 D..vid I ..I..nd ........ . 1876 Robert H. Taylor... .. 187~ J.m.. MoGIi n.h.y . .I~7~ Lewl. PIoynt.. ... .. .. 1875 Dr. Obed lIailey .. . 18.5 Joaepb K. Adam .... .. .. 1'175 John Jon ............... . 187~ Gilpin B. Underwood 1875 Chrlotian F.blger ... .. .187h Tbom.. Furd ....... . 1875 Thoma. Joilnoon ... . .187fi B. Frank Townseod .. . .. 1876 Caleb P. Windle ..... .. .1876 Jobn G. Baker ................ 1876 WilliamC.uby.... .... .. .. 1'76 HenryF. Pickel....... .1876 80th II. F"""'.r......... ..187U Pbil.mm. Cbaodler. .1876, lIenry W. Downing ..1876 i John Dayj.......... .. .1876 Lewl. P. Lynch ... .. .. 1876 Wo. J. Maxwell .. .. ....1877 R. H. Taylor ....... . .11177 S.mnel A. Price .. . .1877 ; Lewl. PIoynter ...... .. ..1877 : Henry EvanL ......... . . ..... 1877 Aaron COllrad .... . ...... 1877 J_ph K. Adanl . ....... 1877 H. W. Downlog .. .1877 I Jobo Jone ........... .. ". Ib77 I William B. Norton .... ~ . 1l't77 Bennett H lett ..... .1877 Edwin C. Knl,h! ... . .. 1877 Johu Gnthrle ...... . ..1877 Peler B. H"allt'd .. ..187~ B. F. Towo ....d ..... ..187~ Jam .. MeGlinch.\". .1878 Alex. J. Hart ....... . .. 1878 Aaron C>orad ...... . ..IH78 H. W. Downing .. . ...1~'8 PblJemma Ch.ndl.r. . ...... 187S Petor Wood ........ . ........18.8 Rlcloard Rowe ... .. .. 187K Lewis P. Lynch .. . . ... 1878 Merrls T.ylur ....... . .. .. 1879 Ho""rt H. Taylor. .. 1879 William 1[. Blake .. .. ....... 1879 Lewl. Paynter .......... 1879 Georp Abell... ...... . ........ 1879 Jamos CUrmlch.. \. ......... ..... IH79 JOl6ph K. A.lam. .. .... 1879 Croaar A. Rodoey ................. 1879 William Mdlen.mln ........... 1~79 George T. IlRrnhili. . ......... 1879 David R. Smith..... . ...1879 Deool.J. Menton ............... 1879 William Hanua ............... 1879 Jam... McKellna ............... 18SU Beujamin F. Tow hMeIll! .. Hi,SO "'illiam F. Rullillfltlll ......... 1880 George Abele....... ...... ..... ..188(1 FAwin C. Moo...................... 1880 Chorl.. W. Talley.... ...188(1 . ..... 1880 ."'bner P. Bail.y...... D... ld R. Smith........ .1880 Roloert C. Shaw ......... .. .. 1880 Abraham I'. Beech.,.. . ... 18110 +Willioln G. llaugh .. .1882 Jame. McK .. una... . .. 1882 ThORn,s .'OhIl8O ........ . ... 1882 William H. Blab.. .. .. 1882 I...wlo Poyllt....................... 1882 F. B. F. MiII.r ..................... 188:1 Duld Ste nlOu ..... .. ... 1882 ..1@82 Levi G.rrett............ Le"I. T. Gnlbll. .... ..1882 .I_ph C. FII....... ' ........1882 DenDi. J. \lentull. ..18112 Alfred S. Denny .. .. 1882 John M. Neweli .. . .. 1882 Am... A. E 81I1urll ... ..1882 W. II. Quilln ...... . ..1882 Jam .. McKenn....... .. .. 1883 RobertI!. Taylor .. , . ..1881 William H. Blak. .. ... 111l;3 GeorllC8 Abel.......... ...... .1883 II.rlln Farr.J............ . .. 188.1 Henry F. Plt-kelo ..... . ....... 1883 Edwin C. Moore............ ... 1883 Samnel 81'...... 01&.. ...... .... ..1883 J"..bua 8. Stilzeu""r~ .....1883 Jam ... Lynn ......................... I883 J~m.. llurray ...................... I883 Juhn M. Se .... I1........ ...... 1883 David R. Smith.. ..... . ....... 1883 Willil,m Il. Bangh. .. ......... ll1M Thon ..... 11. Drioun ..............1884 ]l1.rrio TIIY lor.................... 1884 .18M 1IlarU .. F.. rr... i...... D. F. ~liIl,r. ......... IHM 8on",.1 II. l"'yn8"1. .188' Thomu n. Latinu. .18M LewIs '1'. Gn' ......... . . ... 11ll'1 D. R. Smith ........ . .18M Deonl .1. M.ntoll............ ..11!81 Alfred is. Denny... IBM Jame8 llcK.UIlR ......... . ..ISM Rob"rt H. '1'..yl.. r ....... . ..1~8.~ WilHam II. Illake ..... .. ..11'18.' GN}~e At)t'lr............. .. 188.' Tbom ... )llfdlPiJ .... .. .. I~/j/; F..dwltl C. Mullre ...................1t.~s.~ Julio W. H",,ki.... .. .... ..1860 Franc,. T. Bartley ................1886 George T. IIarnbill.......... ... 18S.~ Jaw ... Hurn.y. ....... .... ..188.; .J .. hn M. S. ....ii ................... 1886 pTf.lon A).ro.................... 1886 Thom B. BrilOn.. ... . .... 1886 M.rrl. T..ylor ...................... IS86 Is.."e Dillin ........................ 1/086 F. B. F. ~ljJI.r......... . ... 1886 S. H. BaYllard .................... IS8I; Samuel Ch"mber" ............ ...... 1b86 William B. Surh.lll ............. 18864

J. Morton Poole. .. . ...... 18U Edwin Lewlo ......................1887 John P. Sprln,...r ..... . ..... 1855 Georp W. Donoy .. ...1867 J ..mee Elliott ....... . .... 18M Tbomaa JobnlOn .... ... IS68 . Ifj.'II\ J .... ph A. Hunter ....... . William H. Quinn ...186~ .Tarob S. Weldin .. .. 111.'>5 .. 181;8 E. C. 8to","oblll'l< ... .. Samuel F. 1It"II< John H. Adama .... . .1868 .1"M Lewl. P..y,,,., .... . 1~56 Ch ..rl.. S. Weldh ..... . ..1868 J"m88 Bradford ...... . ..18M CharlN H. Gall8[1h.r .. 1868 Jo.. pb Pyle ...... . ..... 18M 2 William Brlgbt .. . . 1860 Ed ........1 IIet"' ............... . ... 181\6 George Simmons ... . ..... IAft.l Dr. Rob00. The purchaser sold them to another for '10,000, he to a third for $12,000, he to a fourth for '10,000, and the last buyer paid $18,000 for them. By this time the moru.t multicaulu lever had abated, and the trees were still on the ground untouched. A silk farm was established three miles from Wilmington, along the Concord turnpike, where mulberry trees were cultivated and a large cocoonery 'Jtarted. As late as 1845 t.he crop reports "how that five thousand five hundred pounds of cocoons were raised in DE'laware during the year 1845. Joseph Wigglesworth, in 1837, owned the" Wilmington Museum," at No. II> East Second Street. It was a rare collection of curiosities. In 1838 he received one thousand birds from London on the ship .. St. J ameli," of New York. In 1840 he had a very fine collection of birds, insects, animals and wax figures. Betty's Hollow was well-known to the schoolboya of 1840, .. Old Betty" lived alone in a half tumbled down frame house in this hollow, acJ"Ol8 which was a path leading to the skating place on t.he Brandywine by the site of the barley mill. She kept chickens and ducks in great numbers, and they were her companions. She had no use for boys. They believed her to be a witch. The depression surrounding her cabin became known as "Betty's Hollow," and the boys changed the path to the skating park so as to run souLh of h"r abode. She lived to old age and made a little money by telling fortunes. William Seal, for many years an influential citizen of Wilmington, died September 20, 1842, aged sixtysix years. He filled many offices of public trust with faithfulness and ability. He was president of the Bank Qf Wilmington and Brandywine, and president of the Delaware Fire Insurance Company until the time of his death. Arunah S. Abell, now (1888) the aged and honored proprietor of Thi Sun, published at Baltimore, Md., was the pioneer iu the use of the "pony express," by which he anticipated all his contemporaries in announcing the exciting news of the day. He established relays of fleet ponies from Halifax and

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HISTORY OF DELA WARE.markable instances occurred on April 2, 1846. The rider for The Sun and also for the Delaware Republican left Philadelphia fifteen minutes past two o'clock in the afternoon, and arrived in Wilmington twenty minutes before four O'clock, t.raveling the distance, twenty-eight miles, in one hour and twenty-five minutes. The rider of The Sun and the Delaware Journal on the 8ame day left Philadelphia at half-past two O'clock, and arrived in Wilmington ten minutes before four o'clock, making the distance in one hoqr and twenty minutes. The news they brought on this occasion was from Europe, and related to the Oregon Question on the controversy between the United States and England, regarding the northwest boundary line. The' Delaware Journal, on Arril 10, 1846, i8Bued an extra with nE'WS from Europe sent by telegraph from New York to Philadelphia, and brought from the last-named city 00 Wilmington and Baltimore, for the papers above named, by pony expreBB. This was soon after the declaration of war between the United States and Mexico, and the news brought explained the attitude of foreign governments toward the belligerent countries. THE TELEGRAPH.-Cyrus Abbott, of Wilmington, on January 28, 1846, contracted to construct the first telegraph line between Philadelphia and Wilmington. On March 23d, foIl9wing,the posts were all erected, and the wires placed in position as far as Chester, Pa. The wires were stretched to Wilmington, and the telegraph put in operation on April 13, 1846. The line was tested the day following. The .lJelaware Journal, in itl i8Bue of April 17th, saYd:.. Tbe te ........b ........n In 1 ....,..,..1 operation for the ...t fe ... day. and a nomber of pe.....DI baye oxamlned Ito operation Oh TuHda7 afternoon. Thro..gh Ibe klndn. . of 110 gentlemanly agent at Ihe Itation, J_ph B.tty. we wltnOMed Ihe perfomlRnee of thll highway of thought. The _lei of the afternoon Board of Brok ..... at Philadelphia, were orde ....d aDd In a Ihort time the whol .. proceedlnp were here. W. IOnt to Pblladelphla tbe late n .... from WMhlngton ......Ived by mall, on Tu....ay afternoon, and it wao publillbed In th. I&me day'. edition of the E ning ....... of tbat city. The charges al.., ~. for ten worda."

Portland, Me., to Baltimore, Maryland, to convey the news brought by steamers from Europe. Fifty hours was the time in which the thousand miles were P8lllled. The little Sun penny sheet then, as now, proved itaelfto be the peer in enterprise of the New York press, and far beyond its "blanket sheet" contemporaries in all that push and pluck which the modem newspaper requires. Mr. Abell was the master mind also in organizing an overland express for the transmission of news from the battle-fields of Mexico, in 1846, across the continent to the news-rooms of The Sun, in Baltimore, and Tlu Ledger in Philadelphia, of which latter paper he was one of the founders and part owner. This overland expreBB consisted of It sixty blooded horses," and cost over one thousand dollars a month. It almost invariahly anticipated the great Southern mail from New Orleans by thirty hours, and kept the government at Washington advised of every important event transpiring at the seat of war, and thereby served the entire preBB of the country. Mr Abell was alllO the pioneer in utilizing the It carrier pigeon e~preBB" to Baltimore, and the newly-invented magnetic telegraph found in him a liberal patron. As a matter of lICientific history, it may be added thllt the fil'llt Presidential meBBage ever

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transmitted by telegraph appeared in the columns of Tlu Sun on May 11, 1846. Mr. Abell in the BOle surviving member of the firm which establillhed and created two of the greatest and mOllt prosperous newspapers in this country-The Sun in Baltimore, Md., and The Ledger in Pbiladelphia,-both of which have a large circulation in Delaware, and command the respect and confidence of the public. In a ripe old age, Mr. A. S. Abell enjoys the confidence, respect and affection which a long and u~etul life merits. His hand bas never been missing from Tlu SUIl, and he has kept it abreast of every change which the pUblication of a great newspaper demands. In 1887, Mr. Abelllls-ocillted with him in the management of The Sun, his three sons,-George W., Edward F. and Walter Abell,-who lire striving to do their responsible work for the public with conscience and common sense, honest purpose and clelln hands. The pony expreFS e"tabli~hed by A. S. Abell, about 1846, WOlre largely looked to by the newspape"! of Delaware for the exciting news.ofthe day. The messages of the President were obtaiued in this way for early publication. It is a"tonishing how rapidly news was carried by these expert riders, who had frequent relays of horses. One of the most re-

On May the 26th the same paper contained the following:.. The line bet .......n Philadelphia and Baltimore " .... completed and t.. ted tho week. The wbole IIn~ of poe", one bundred mil.., ...... compl.ted In 36 day.. Between Wilmington and PhIladelphia a newly adopted Iron cord. Inot...d of tbe olngle wire. commonly uoed, haa i>en pot Into luc~...ful oporation. Thll lrun cord Will nlade at "wire fac tory in New Jel"8ey." The only link now WRlltiOg in tb. "reat cbaln of tbe ol..,tr;c telegraph bet"een Waahlngton and Booton tbrough Wlimin/ttD, I. tbe.u.. taDce frum Bridgeport to Ne .. Havon. ConnecticuL Wben thl. great IChemo i. colllplpt.d it will make the t'nion a wbisperlng galtery aDd re-echo throngh the country wilh illstantant'Ou8 8~ed from one extreme to the other. If

The line from Washington to Boston was COD1pleted June 23, 1846. The first telegraph office in Wilmington was in the second story of the Wilson Building, corner of Fifth and Market Streets. The telegraph line down the Peninsula to Dover and lIillord was completed in 1848. The telegraph office at the corner of Fifth and Market Streets was moyed to the central building, corner Front and King Streets. on June 12, 1848.

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NEW CASTI.E COUNTY. Banes' Telegr"ph Line was completed' betwet'n Baltimore and Wilmington May 27, 1849. It was afterwards the North Aml'rican Telegraph Line. The third of a class of new plU!8enger coaches for the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company, made by Betts, Harlan & Hollingsworth, was first placed on the road June 19, 1848, for the accommodation of the Asbury Sunday School, on an excursion to the Susquehanna River. The cars were fifty feet long, eight feet eight inches wide. They were one-third longer than any cars previously used on the same road. They had two apartments, Qne for ladi~ and ODe for gentlemen, and were provided with a sofa and mirrors. The seats were Of crimson velvet. The railroad company, en June 20, 1848, bought of J. & J. W. Duncan, for fifteen thousand dollars, seven acres of the old ferry property, as a site for a new station. J. W. Duncan, the next year, moved to Chicago to engage in the lumber business. J. & J. A. Harris completed their marine railway in 18/iO. On the day the cars first came to Wilmington, an old gentleman passed up Market Street after having seen the train, informing everyone that he had heard Oliver Evans, the inventor, tell his father, many years before, that it would only be a few hours' journey from Philadelphia to Baltimore, and that carriages would be invented to go without horses. When the prediction was made, it is said a Quaker stepped up and said, "Oliver, I always thought thy brain was a little cracked, and now I know it /" A church stood at the corner of Third and TatnaIl Streets, on a site procured on ground rent from Mr. Hallowell, an~ the lease expired Thursday night November 25, 1849. The trustees wanted to buy the land, but the owner asked an extravagant price, and at the last minute announced that he would claim the building after the lease expired. The bellman was sent through the town to proclaim the removal, and just before midnight a large crowd collecteO and removed it, amidst great excitement. David C. Wilson in 1846 bought twenty acre." of land, for three thousand eight hundred dollars, oppaeite the old Cr088 Keys Tavern, which was situated on what is ~ow the southwest corner of Brandywine Cemetery, laid it out into streets and lots, and called it Washhigton. It is now part of the city of Wilmington. Charles I. Du Pont & Co. in 1846 exhibited at the National Fair at Washington, cloths, C8.l'simeres and kerseys of their own manufacture. The government then ordered sixty thousand yards of kerseys and twenty thousand yards of blue cloth for the army during the Mexican War. Large brickyards were operated in Wilmington in 1846 by D. C. Wilson, Evan Coxe, I::!amuel McCaulley, J &Cob Rice, William Lovell and Washington Moore. 'During that year nine million bricks were made, and thirteen million in 1848. McCaulley & Rice in 1848 built a brick-making machine, propelled by steam.

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It cost ten thousand dollars and made twentyfive .thousand bricks a day. Superior cloths were made at th~ Wilmington mills early in the present century. When the War of 1812 opened, exportation of goods was cut off_ The chief market then was Philadelphia, but some of the merchants of that city claimed that American cloths were inferior to the foreign. An English agent took the entire supply of goods then on hand in Wilmington, shipped them to Philadelphia and disposed of them there as English gooda. It was a clever trick and made the cloth,. of the Wilmington mills popular before it Willi discovered. Large quantities of them wern sold lOon after this event. In 1848 there were two lines of steamboats running between Wilmington and Philadelphia. Competition was lively, and the fare was put down to twenty-five cents. The railroad reduced the fare to twelve and a half centl. The hoats, to meet this, for a time charged but ten {'.ents. In 1866 there were 160 persons in Wilmington between 75 and 102 years old; 14 were over 90 years_ David Hammond was 102. Henry Herz, composer and pianist to the King of France and professor in the Royal Conservatory of Puis, with Signora Pico, of the Italian Opera of Milan, and Savoni the violinist, gave a concert in the City Hall, December 7,1846. Says a local journal: "There never was so swell an audience in Wilmington before. The ladies were dressed in opera sty Ie, and there was a brilliant array of beau ty and fashion." Charles Grobe, of Wilmington, in 1847, wrote R piece of mUlic entitled .. Buena Vista," named in honor of General Taylor's famous victory over the Mexicans. .. Old Rough and Ready" 8ent a glowing compliment to the composer after he heard it played. Adams Express Company opened its first office in Wilmington, December 12, 1847. J. Shaw was the first agent. William F. O'Daniel in 1850 sold the first sewing-machines in Wilmington. Lieutenant Joseph Roberts, of Wilmington, was in all the leading engagements of the Florida War. Soon after its close he was made Assistant Professor of Natural Philosophy in West Point Military Academy, until 1848, when he was appointed a captain in the Fourth Regiment of the United States Artillery. Dr. A. H. Grimshaw was appointed surgeon of the Fourth Rl'giment of Delaware Militia in 1848. William Holland in 1848 was appointed an engineer in the United States navy, and Lieutenant Colonel Graham, in 18p0, was detailed by the War Department to assist in running the northwest boundary line of the United States. Both were from Wilmington. BUSIN~ MEN 01 Wn,lIlINGTON IN 184.5.-Neary a\1 the stores, previous to this year, were on Market Street. The city began to grow rapidly about this time, and stores were opened on all of the streets. The following is a list of the merchants of the city

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HISTORY OF DELAWARE.Front Street; William S. Pine, hat store, Market below Third Street; Abram Alderdice, grain-fanmaker, Front and Orange Streets; Henry Mitchell, IftSh factory, Front near West Street; William G_ Lowe, clothing store, 22 Market Street; Edward Robinson, stove store, N. E. corner Second and King Streets; J. A. Hunter, saddler, opposite Bank of Delaware; Thomas H. Robinson, 60 Market Street; R. WaJlace & Co., shoe-finding store, 8 Market Street; Jonas P. Fairlamb, civil engineer, Shipley above Third Street; J. B. Moore, Orange, between Front and Second; Robert Douglass, Venetian blind manufactory, 180 Sixth Street; Slocum & Vane, commission store, Second and King Streets; Adam Carpenter, wool dealer and skinner, Tatnall 'and Fifth Streets; Thomas D. Web.b, hat atore, 56 Market Street; Porter & Naif, Slate Journal, 97 Market Street; Evans & Vernon, Delaware kpublican, Third and Market Streets; William McCaulley, conveyancer, 169 Market Street; Alfred D. Thompson, portrait painter, Temperance Hall; R. Greenwood, fancy sign painter, Shipley Street; John C. Brison, plumber, 9 East Fourth Street; Samuel McClary, Jr., cabinetmaker, Shipley above Fourth Street; William G. Jonet, cabinetmaker, Shipley above Front Street; J. Rumford, hatter, 92 Market Street; S. & E. Wilson, notion store, Market above Fourth Street; Jacob M. Garretson, shoe 8tore, 7 East Fourth Street; E. T. Taylor & 00., china store,55 Market Street; David McCall, segar store, N. E. comt'r Market and Fourth Streets; Lewis Thatcher, shutter factory, Shipley and Seventh Streets; JeandelJ & Vincent, Blue Hen', Chicl:en, Market and Front Streets ; James Robinson, marble-yard, Ninth and Marbt Streets; Calvin Taggart, coal dealer, Steamboat Wharf; Johnson & Bosee, Delaware Gazette, 2 East Fourth Street; John Yohe, shoe store, opposite City Hall; Hartley & Foreman, cabinetmakers, 103 Shipley Street; Charles Devon, IIhoe store, 104 Market Street; Joseph C. Carpenter, ice cream maker, 145 Market Street; George Powell, tailor, 78 Market Street; William F. O'Daoiel, merchant tailor, 46 Market Strpet; Joseph Wall, livery stable, Fourth and TatnaII Streets; Jonas Pusey, surveyor and notary, 145 Market Street; James Grubb, Jr., shoe store, 100 Market Street; Newlin PJle, leatherstore, Shipley, near Front Street; John Sparks, millinery, 88 Market Street; William Chandler, tanner and currier, Fourth and Tatnall Streets; William Clark, Lehigh and Schuylkill coal; Enoch Roberts, soap Mnd candles. Third and Orange Streets; Henry S. McComb, leather store, Third and Orange Streets; Lydia C. Wolfe, millinery,41 Market Street; James M. Roach, barber, S. W. corner Sixth and Market l::ltreets; D. & George Bush, coal dealers, French Street wharf; John M. 1.foedinger, baker, King, between Second and Third Streets; John Noblit, cabinetmaker, corner Market and Sixth Streets; William H. Griffin, stove and tin store, 40' Market Street; Thomas J. Mahaffey, stove and tin store, 110 Market Street.

for 1845. The present plan of numbering houses did not go into elfect until three years later. Jewelry Storu.-Ziba Ferris, corner Market and Fourth; W. F. Robinson, Market Street, near Fifth; Benjamin S. Clark, Market above Fourth; Charles Canby, 83 Market Street; John F. Robinson, second door above Farmers' Bank. Dry-Good" Store,.-John McClung, next door to Bank of Brandywine; Washington Jones, 43 Market Street; William Martin, Jr., J. P. Young's old stand, 84 Market Street; B. A. Janvier, N. W. corner Fifth and Market Streetl; H. B. Penington & Son, S. E. comer Market and Fourth Streets; Spencer D. Eves, removed to new store, 47 Market Street; M. W. Aylwin, 45 Market Street; J. T. Bonsall, 76 Market Street; John McLear, 99 Market Street; Samuel Buzby, 62 Market Strt'et ; James Megratton, 52 Market Street; A. C. Thompson, 101 Market Street; Norris W. Palmer, 74 Market Street. Drug Store8.-MarshallPhillips, S. W. corner Fifth and Market Streets; Benjamin Johnson,179 Market Street; Joseph Bringhurst, 87 Market Street; Edward Bringhurst, corner Sixth and Market Streets; E. G. Chaudlee & Co., Ma.rket Street; John P. Polk, three doors below Second on Market. Grocerie8.-George D. Armstrong, N. E. corner Market and Third Streets; Slocum & Vane, comer Second and King Streets; Edward L. Rice, 7 Ea8t SecOnd Street; John B. Lewi8, corner Market a.nd Seventh Streets; George W. Robin80n. corner Third and Poplar Streets; Thoma8 B. Rice, S. W. corner Market and Front Streets; Robert Cleland, Second Street, opposite market-hou8e;0 John H. Barr, S. E. corner Second and Market Streets; William Murphy, Jr., corner Tenth and Shipley Streets; William Morrow, Fourth between Market and King Streets; Jaco~ S. Weldin, King and Seventh Street8; Jacob Ri~, corner Market and Fifteenth Streets; Henry Read, S. W. corner Second and Walnut Streets; J. & J. C. Aiken, corner Market and Fourth Streets. Boo"'tor6ll.-Henry Moore, 61 Market Street; John B. ~Por'ter, 97 Market Street;o Wilwn & Heald, 107 Market Street. 0 HardlOare.-T. & H. Garrett, Shipley above Second Street; T. & J. B. Morrison, 18 llarket Street; John L. Hadden & Co., 57 Market Street; George Richard80n, 72 Market Street; Henry G. Banning. 42 lfarket Street; John A. Duncan, 50 Market Street; R. B. Gilpin, corner Third and Shipley Streets. Milcellane0u8.-Evan J. Pusey, wood and coal, 4 Market Street; William H. Naif, auctioneer, 1 West Fourth Street; Franklin Supplee, flour and feed store, West and Front Streets; Andrew S. Clark, painting and glazing, Shipley near Third Street; C. S. Patter80n, tailor, Market above Sixth Street; T. Dooley, shoe store, corner Sixth and Shipley Streets; Patrick Kelley, dyeing works, Shipley above Fourth Street; Andrew Jack, shoe store, Market above Sixth Street; William Alexander, baker, Market above Fourth Street; George Kates, cabinetmaker, Market near

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NEW CASTLE COUNTY.count:ry seat:r :r:rd m,m;r;ions the h:rn,edi"", vicinity of Wilmington, in 1845, were owned and occnyied by the folloming-mimed Y'in,ons: Captain John Yndr,,,,,,, R,j,Y ,ion TItiiild; Henry W, nffi:rtram, near railroad bridge; John R. Brinckle, farmer, KeilnettRo:r'] EdWlilld T. neilll Hrandy, winn; Jam"" . BinK, Newpu:rt Roud J. R Boille, farmer, old King's Road; Peter Bowman, farmer, Philehelphi, Road Jam"El Cleaih:!n, NElSn CasnEl Road, Colollel S. R Davis, Llmcasim Roa,] Charles Egner, near Delaware River; Benjamin Ellk,tt, COlH;ord j Isii3fi' ClOlld Elliott, Carm':ll, ne'e:r Brandywine; 1';liza h:!lliott, Concont Road; W. R. Garden, farmer, Philadelphia Road; John Gardiioll, near Road J. K Uilresche, powde:r-mm, Eiten L'lillk; Rn'll S. M, kayley, Clal!8kill Institute, Lancaster Road; John R. Latimer, farmer, NemL'(,rt Rmid; Fkdd, farm ell, Kenn'llttRot,d; Joseph MemtlinhaH, farmo'll, Branddn'ine Andrew McKee, farmer, Concord Road; George R. Mcd,ime, KS:'ilniitt ; Al'llnandei Reffilt, Lancaster DJ}ad; Lshton farm}lll, Nein, port Road; William Robinson, farmer, Philadelphia ROilid Johil Cru",Keys Clivern, nennett Road; Eli Wilson, farmer, h:!hiladelphia Rmiff1. In 1845 there were in Wilmington fourteen clergymen, thirteoli cUhd,ffrs and ]eecheiffl, two judges, eleven attorneys, twel ve houses of religious worship, seventeen public alld benevolent institutions, two hliluraOil ComTIJ:rnies, sin fire iffixtes:'n hotels, forty schools and ten thousand six hundred and thirty-nine inhabitants, There were erected that year tlllO hzm,hred ninetndght h,ouses this citd and three hundred and fifty in 1847. Gffmoral Thumb, "tho little dieat miln," finit 'fr,imself hilfore Wilmindton December 26, 1848. He announced that he had kil!8ed a million llidies and had few mnlle ki,ne:r left fmi Deleeiff"re was seeeiltnen deers weighing fifteen pounds and was twenty-eight inches high, Signor "thffl d,eat unrh'ilHed first exhibited in Wilmington, May 10, 1848; he " the moon the offtllth and gent a W lhl goniin llhasii in the shortest kind of notice." Gras;;;;, the murld-llelmwned played in Odd Fellows' HIlIl 1850, imd ,pent plint of the summer at Brandywine Springs. Ok Bull, the g,,:iltest liinHnist thin eentund, appeared in City Hall, January 21,1845; an immense audience greeted him. Lind, the ll'lliffedish passiffd Wilmington, December 7, 1850, in a private car on her in!iy from Phihdelphie to Baltioiore, ,,,there sh,,: sand tde foHilwing The h'dhest pal ,0 for admission was one hundred dollars. The average prkn of the tiekets i,as $'[ a 1mt manu~ factmor, p"id neadd thr,}o bundn:d doH"" for

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ticYet to h;r;" her a Castl, night" hefor" Garden, New York City. The Siamese Twins were exbibited for the first time Wilmingto"l, necemh,i',r 13, and the time in 1873. Elihu Bm"'itt, "th," learned blacksmith/' lectured beril'}'} tbe :i,eronnm Litellil:ry SOiliety Deeember 1842. Alhm Poe: the distielltdshiffd Ame,;"n poet, NOi'iff,hber lectu,ed fo, the 1843. Allim MnLnne in Feheuory 2b, 185u, He We~, ",son Dr. AHiln McLilee, of ton. He entered the American Navy but in 1840 reand ,emigrated Mi",nri, settli,d in as l"wyer, imd latee a nnin,pap,ll, ilnd W,li a member of the State Senate. He was one of the ninlleiff" in LeHfornio, " Chodes Bad:rrd, soo of Ri,dard Bayard, died at Naples, March 20, 1850. A few daye bef",n his Mmmt Vo,'uius, dowe ieto he ,,:rater inhere an erui" tion of the volcano occurred. Huge stones we~e thr,',mn up the one hlling :rt:ruck in tho right liide of his bGdy. Hiiff ,ight WU ilmputat,,'d after which there were hopes of his recovery, but the provffeE fatal. h 1852, William Andenfton, of Anderson, of Wilmington, colored, when quite a young ma" Hent the R:e:puhlic in Aftkn. possessed remarkable intelHgeece and soon gained a good reputation and exercised a commanding infiuenee amDell the of his race that ,ount'f After a few years of residence there he was elected speaker of the lower branch of the National Legislaturll, He semed On, t,rm fihat the, was elected by the govern ment of Liberia to negotiate a five hundred thousand dollar loan in England. Soon visitf:ili his lfueunts after this Wilmington. He then left the public s;rvice and engaged in mercantile business and accumulated consid::'Hhle p,mH'rty nn th= inth Off' 187" he "~~ a~a.:sinat~d 'in M~n~~via,~the capital of t~; country, by a politicalopp(ment. He died on the 27th of sam, ffffonth his ,vnar. is sa"v he was the ablest colored man Delawa~e has produced. William R. Sellers, a gentleman well-known in DeThinilre, Mad 1855, He Wll~'f soM!llf in war of 1812, represented the First Ward in City Council for many years and was president of that bod,' from 1043 1149. was p08tm,hter ' Wilmington by President Tyler and recommissioned by President Polk, and was director in the Philadt,l, phie, Wilmklibton Baltiill"re RnHfoad He was a generous and noble-hearted citizen. In 18.,}5, th,': city ",f Wilmindton, eollected ilnd sent $22bO to the ,dferellf f,om III How in horfolk~ and Portsmouth, Virginia. In 1878, the city uf Wilmiullton, to yellow fevff', fufferfff, in Mflliphis, Ja::h:on amI

662

HI~TORY

OF DELAWARE.of the States, in the Spring of 1866. He was accompanied by William H. Seward, Secretary of State, and General Grant, then Secretary of War. The President made a .brief speech, from the platform of the car, while the train was standing at the depot. General Grant made a visit to Wilmington on Thur~day, February 3, 1873, . a month previous to his second inauguration as President of the United States. The city put on her holiday attire, and interest and enthusi813m knew no bounds. Mayor Simms, a committee of City Council and a committee of citizens went to Perryville to meet him. As the train WH.l! cro:!8ing the State line, the mayor, in behalf of the committees, received the President in a glowing speech. He came here to take a view at the industrial establishments of the city, and in response spoke as follows: "It gives me the greatest pleasure that I have this opportunity of visiting Wilmington, the chief city of the State of Delaware, and noted throughout the Union for her manufacturing aud commercial interesta. Especially was the in\'itation to come interesting to me, since it was not a partisan one. I shall be delighted to visit your manufacturing establishments and accept the hospitalities of your people." When the train, at 12.20 P.M., arrived at the station, the Prel!ident and party, including George M. Robeson, Secretary of Navy, and George W. Childs, were e8corted to the re8idence of Joshna T. Heald, at Delaware Avenue and Broome Street, where the distinguished party was waited upon by the Governor of Delaware and the members of the State Legislature. Miss Emma Worrell, in behalf of the ladies, presented General Grant with a beautiful bouquet "for his great act in excluding wine from his New Year's reception." At two o'clock the entire party started on a visit to the leading manufacturing estabIishmenta, and at 5.30 proceeded to Institute Hall, where four hundred perl!ons partook of a banquet. At eignt o'clock the Prel!ident was escorted to the military fair in Masonic Temple. As he entered, the band struck up "Hail to the Chief." Thirtyseven young ladies, representing the States of the Union, formecl in a semi-circle on the stage, and sang a patriotic air entitled" Welcome to the Chief." He proceeded to the stage and shook hands with each of the 11Idie., amI then W813 introduced to hundreds of citizens I>y Ex-Mayor Valentine. At ten I'.M. he became the gnest of Joseph C. Grubb on King Street, and at 1 A.M. left in the train for Washingum . Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, while 011 his visit to the Cnited States during the Centennial year, W813 the gnest for one day of William S. Auchin~loss in Wilmington, who had previously spent some time in Brazil, in the interests of the Jackson & Sharp Cl)mpany, and wrote a book describing the resources of that country. The emperor was met at the railroad by a delegation of manufacturers. He visited a number of the leading industrial establishmenta and

New Orleans, $2878 j the Young Men's Christian Association, $531 j Masons, $229 j Odd Fellows, $389 ; concert of Millard Club, $710 j several of the churches sent upwards of $100. The total amount contributed by Wilmington, w813$6777. Charles Moore, now the oldest shipcarpenter in Delaware, was born May 29, 1807. He is a IOn of Enoch Moore, and grandson of Nathaniel Moore, who came to Wilmington about 1800, and engaged in the shipping business with Barney Harris. Charles Moore, laid the plans for the Ashland and the Ocean, the first iron vessels, double propellers, built by the Harlan & Hollingsworth Company. He re-

CHARI,ES MOORE.

modelled and put in shape the vessels of the Wilmington Whaling Company. He plllnned all the vessels for Thomas Young & Co., and E. & C. Moore, for fifteen years, and is one of the best informed persons ~n ship-building, in the country. Dell Noblit, who on account of having lived the .age of 100 years, was somewhat a historic personage in Wilmington. He was born in Middletown, Delaware ~ounty, Pennsylvania, October ]6, 1777, of French Hugnenot parents. He moved to Wilmington, in .1.810. He was twice married, and was father of sixteen children. Hon. Henry Wilson, in October, 1856, in the City Hall of Wilmington, addressed the fir~t RepUblican meeting, held in the State of Delaware. He WI\.!! then United States Senator from MMSachusetts, and afterwards vice-president during Grant's second administration. This speech was delivered during the candidacy of General Fremont III! the first nominee of the Republican party, for President of the United States, .against James Buchanan, Democrat' who was elected. Delaware that year