smartway transport partnership - trucking efficiency improvements
TRANSCRIPT
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Truck Efficiency Improvements and Why You Should Implement Them
Anthony Maietta, EPA Region 5
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Transportation a Large Contributor to Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Source: US Emissions Inventory https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/ghgemissions/US-GHG-Inventory-2016-Chapter-2-Trends.pdf
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Energy Use by Mode of Transportation
National Transportation Statistics 2013
Total US Energy use in 2013: 26 Quadrillion Btu
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US Must Take Lead for Addressing CO2
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More States And Cities Are Taking Action On Climate Change
States with Climate Action Plans: 34
Source: http://www.pewclimate.org
http://www.usmayors.org/climateprotection/map.asp
1,060 Cities Signed as on as U.S. Conference of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
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Health Effects of Diesel Emissions
• Two main categories of diesel exhaust:– Gases: non-toxic and toxic components
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
– Particles: fine/ultrafine and toxic chemicals absorbed onto them
Pollutants react with oxygen and make ozone
}
More about particulates...
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Health Effects of Diesel Emissions (continued)
Particulate Matter (PM)
• Small particles of dust, dirt, soot, smoke, liquid droplets, and organic chemicals
• EPA regulates PM in two categories:– PM10 (10 microns or less)– PM2.5 (2.5 microns or less)
• PM2.5 is very small, 1/30th of the width of a human hair– Small size allows PM2.5 to get through the human body’s
airway defense mechanisms and enter deep into the lungs
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2.5 Microns
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Health Effects of Diesel Emissions (continued)
What health and environmental effects have been linked to high PM concentrations?
• Respiratory Problems• PM, especially PM2.5 can enter deep into the lungs and
bloodstream• Aggravated asthma, coughing, painful/difficult breathing,
chronic bronchitis, decreased lung function, premature death
• Visibility• Haze problems in national parks
• Atmospheric deposition• Can cause high acidity in lakes and streams• Can change soil nutrient concentration• Can damage sensitive plants and crops
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Regulatory Approaches
• Criteria Pollutant Regulations (PM and Ozone)
• Fuel Regulations
• Engine Standards
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What You Can Do
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Improving Your Truck’s Efficiency
• Idle Reduction– Policies– Onboard Devices– Shore Power
• Fuel Efficiency– Tires– Aerodynamics– Driver
Behavior/Incentives
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When a vehicle is running for nonpropulsion purposes, it is idling.
• Trucks idling while in queue• Vehicles waiting to
load/unload passengers or goods
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Running emergency lights and other auxiliaries• Emergency vehicles, utility vehicles
Powering HVAC•All vehicle types, for operator and passenger comfort in extreme weather
Performing nonpropulsion (PTO) work•Bucket trucks, sewer-line maintenance trucks, wood chippers
Some Idling Is Unavoidable
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Most Idling Is Not
Waiting in queue•Delivery trucks, transit buses and motor coaches, shuttle buses, taxis
Engine warming•Today’s vehicles warm up faster by being driven than idling
Sitting in vehicle•During lunch breaks, to complete paperwork, to make phone calls
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• Idling a car wastes up to 0.5 gallons of fuel per hour.
• Idling a medium-duty truck wastes 0.4 to 0.6 gallons of fuel per hour.
• Idling in the U.S. uses more than 6 billion gallons of fuel at a cost of more than $20 billion EACH YEAR.
• Engine idling increases vehicle maintenance costs.
• Engine idling can shorten vehicle life.
The Cost of Idling Adds Up
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Idle Reduction Policies
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Elements of Idle Reduction Policies
• Clear signage• Communicated well –
to drivers and management
• Reduced detention time (at facilities)
• Proper staging of cargo
• Driver comfort stations
• Queue Scheduling
• Sufficient drayage equipment
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Onboard Idle Reduction Technologies
Average fuel savings Emissions ControlledTrucks: 1 gal/hr CO2, NOx, and PM
Rail: 4 - 12 gal/hr
• Automatic Shut-Down/Start Up System • Battery Powered Systems• Diesel Driven Heating System• Auxiliary Power Unit/Generator Set
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Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
• Mounted externally
• Small Engine/Generator Combination– HVAC– Electrical accessories
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Bunk Heaters/Battery Air Conditioners
Heaters
•Use very little fuel
BAC’s•Store energy as truck operates•Can work up to 16 hours
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Automatic Engine Shutdown (AESS)
• Start and stop truck automatically
• Can be programmed to meet idle rules
• Can be programmed for temperature
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Truck Stop Electrification
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Advanced Truck Stop Electrification
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SmartWay Trailer and Aerodynamics Verification:New programs introduced in 2014
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Scope
Trailer Designation Levels
SmartWay “Elite” Trailer (9% fuel savings from aero)(1% fuel savings from tires)
53’ Refrigerated trailers
SmartWay Trailer (5% fuel savings from aero)(1% fuel savings from tires)
53’ Van trailers
Aero Device Performance Bins
9% or more fuel savings
5% (5.0 – 8.9) fuel savings
4% (4.0 – 4.9) fuel savings
1% (1.0 – 3.9) fuel savings
Test Methods
Tunnel
CFD
New Track Test
Coastdown
Choice of new 2014 test method for verification and option to supplement with additional test methods
Web table indicating all methods used to verify a device
Fleet-relevant
CredibilitySimplicityRecogniti
on
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Aerodynamics - Tires
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Average fuel savings Emissions Controlled
Trucks: 4 - 5% CO2, NOx
• Single-wide tires and aluminum wheels– Reduced rolling resistance
– Reduced weight
• Low rolling resistance duals can be as effective
as singles
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Tires (continued)
• Single-wide tires Can Reduce 800-1000 lbs (when used on drive and trailer axles)– Reduced fuel consumption– Increased cargo capacity
• Low rolling resistance – better mpg– 2% to 5% compared to conventional tires
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Benefits of Low Rolling Resistance Tires
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• Incremental fuel savings demonstrated for the tractor, trailer & combination
• Benefits demonstrated with new and retread tires
• SAE 2014-01-2425
Tractor only
Trailer only
Tractor & Trailer
Baseline
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Aerodynamics - Vehicle
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Average fuel savings Emissions Controlled
Trucks: 5% CO2, NOx
• Trailer Fairings, Side-skirts
• Nose Cone and Trailer Tail
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Tractor Aerodynamics
• Roof
• Side Extender
• Side Tank
• Front Bumper
• Mirrors
Can add up to 15% increase in fuel economy (vs untreated tractor)
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SmartWay Designated Tractors
32Low Rolling Resistance Tires
EPA-compliant Engine
Aerodynamic Technologies (grill, hood, bumper, mirror, side chassis fairing)
Optional Auxiliary Power Unit reducing idle emissions
Aerodynamic Technologies (roof fairing, side extenders)
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Trailer Aerodynamics
• Gap Reducer• Side Skirts/Fairings• Cargo loading• Wheelbase/
fifth-wheel
settings (less gap)• ~5%-9% fuel econ.
improvement
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The Ideal “SmartWay Truck”
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SmartWay Technology Programs:Evolving with the industry
• SmartWay Trailer and aerodynamics programs updated in 2015– Includes 53 foot trailers in both dry van and refrigeration trailer
configurations
– Now has SmartWay Trailer and SmartWay Elite levels
– New test methods for verifying trailer aerodynamic components are more rigorous and incorporate multiple test protocols (i.e., track test, wind tunnel, coastdown, and computational methods)
– SmartWay tire program recently expanded to include verified low rolling resistance retread and wide-based tires.
• SmartWay Tractor under review– Respond to fleet and manufacturer input
– Better harmonize with truck GHG regulations
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New SmartWay Trailer:New programs finalized in February 2015
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Scope
Trailer Designation Levels
SmartWay “Elite” Trailer (9% fuel savings from aero)
(1% fuel savings from tires)
53’ Refrigeration trailers
SmartWay Trailer (5% fuel savings from aero)
(1% fuel savings from tires)
53’ Van trailers
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What Can The Driver Do?
• Speed management– Company policy– Incentives– Speed Governing
– Driver Training
• 65mph vs 55mph 7% less fuel• Reduced maintenance costs• More time between rebuilds
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What Can The Driver Do? (continued)
• Cruise control (when possible)• Coast when possible• Smooth braking/acceleration• Progressive shifting (at lowest RPM possible)• Limit unnecessary idling• Limit unnecessary shifting/block shifting • Reduce accessories use
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The SmartWay Transport Partnership
www.epa.gov/smartway
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SmartWay Transport Partnership
• What is SmartWay?– Successful
government/industry collaboration
– Voluntarily achieves improved fuel efficiency
– Reduces environmental impacts from freight transport
• Partnership Categories– Carriers– Shippers – Logistics– Rail
• Partners use models: – Benchmark freight operations– Measure transportation footprint– Identify technologies & strategies to
reduce emissions– Track emissions reductions and project
improvement
• Equipment Manufacturers– SmartWay certified cars & trucks
• Auto manufacturers• Tractor manufacturers• Trailer manufacturers
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SmartWay Partner Results
• Over 3,000 Partners, as of 3/2016• $24.9 billion dollars in fuel costs saved• Saved 170.3 million barrels of oil
– (equivalent to taking 14 million cars off the road for one year)
• Emissions reduced: – 72.8 million metric tons CO2
– 1,458,000 tons Nox
– 72,000 tons PM
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National Clean Diesel Campaign & Midwest Clean Diesel Initiative
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What is MCDI?
A public-private partnership formed in 2004 with a goal to address 1 million ‘legacy’ diesel engines by 2010 (we did!)
MCDI Leadership Group: (initially) 33 public-sector and private-industry organizations. Meets yearly to discuss progress, raise issues
MCDI Co-Chairs: EPA, Cummins, ALA, Illinois EPA; choose general direction of the Initiative
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What is MCDI? (continued)
State Coalitions:– Government, industry, and nonprofit
organizations– Address diesel pollution through projects,
legislation, and innovative financing
Communication tools:• www.epa.gov/midwestcleandiesel• Webinars• To get on board:
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How MCDI Reduces Diesel Emissions“The 5 R’s”
– Retrofit– Repower– Replace– Rebuild– Refuel
Each can reduce emissions and/or fuel use
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Resources and Contact Information
SmartWay Transport Partnership http://www.epa.gov/smartway
National Clean Diesel Campaignhttp://www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
Midwest Clean Diesel Initiative http://www.epa.gov/midwestcleandiesel
Tony Maietta (312-353-8777)[email protected]