soils of north dakota dave franzen professor, north dakota state university, fargo- extension soil...
TRANSCRIPT
Soils of North Dakota
Dave FranzenProfessor, North Dakota State
University, Fargo-Extension Soil Specialist
Green soils are Mollisols
Till
Lakebed
Residuum
Till
Lakebed
ResiduumOLD
YOUNG
All of our soils “East River” are derived from great continental glaciers.
Hot/dry Warm/moist
Cool/moistCool/dryer
Influence of landscape
Bulk density values:Ap 0-6 in. 1.17 g/cm3
AB 6-13 1.31B 13-26 1.41
Slide from Hopkins, 2011
CEC; 45.3 cmol (+)/kgolder term (meq/100g)
Ca+2= 21.8 cmol (+)/kg Mg+2=15.1 cmol (+)/kg
The organic carbon (OC) is: 3.07, 2.16, and 1.67 % to 26 in.That lowest horizon is > 3% SOM
Red River Valley scene with Fargo soils in a corn field, early June, 2010.
Bare soil temperature at 4 inches from November 1, 2009 through March 31, 2010, Fargo, ND.
Image from D. Hopkins
Till Plain scene with spring wheat near Valley City, 2010
A
B C
Typical Barnessoil profile
Mean wetting depth
Wheat field harvest, August, 2010, NW North Dakota, Bismarck Tribune photo
Williams Soils- Side slope position on many western North Dakota soils
2.2 million acres of ND is Williams loams
Salts or sodium affect many millions of acres of North Dakota farm and pasture land
June groundwater elevations, 1991-2000; drought to pluvial at the ND site
323
324
324
325
325
326
326
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Distance northeast from origin (m)
6/21/91
6/18/96
6/2/00
Soil surface
Carex-Calamagrostis HTAndropogon spp. HT
6/23/92
6/14/94
6/15/936/18/96
6/22/99
6/22/00
Swale groundwater elevations in mid-June; 1991-2000Drought to pluvial in southeastern North Dakota (Hopkins)
Photo courtesy of Dr. David Hopkins, NDSU
Devils Lake 1984USGS image
Devils Lake 2010USGS image
Farmland near Forman, ND flooding due to water table rising, 2011. Photo courtesy of Kelly Cooper, Forman SCD
Crops in North Dakota have done better than their summer counterparts mostly because of the lack of 100 degree temps, but also due to the legacy of high water tables from previous years and the capillary water pull of most of our soils to supply crops during an extended dry period.