soot-free urban bus fleets in lagos opportunities and challenges · soot-free urban bus fleets in...

Soot-Free Urban Bus Fleets in

Lagos – Opportunities and

Challenges

PRESENTATION BY

OLUKAYODE TAIWO

LAGOS METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSPORT AUTHORITY @ ACHIEVING CLEAN BUSES FLEET: INTERNATIONAL

SEMINAR

ECOMOBILITY SEMINAR, JOHANNESBURG

OCTOBER 5 2015

• Lagos is the most populous city in Africa –

over 20 million inhabitants

• Bigger in population than 23 countries in

Africa – Benin Rep., Mali, Botswana etc.

• Hub of nation’s economic, commercial and

industrial activities.

• Contributes 20% of Nigeria’s GDP

• Larger economy than Ivory coast, Ghana,

Madagascar etc.

• 45% of nation’s skilled manpower reside in the

city.

Chronic traffic

congestion

Uneven urban growth and

development

Inadequate transport

infrastructure

Inadequate regulatory public

transport framework Limited

alternatives to vehicular

transportation

Lack of sufficient high capacity vehicles for

public transport

Contributes to Air & Noise pollution in

Lagos

Lagos, Nigeria

Demand for trips in Lagos Metropolitan Area by all modes (including walking) was ~22million per day.

Walk trips accounted for 40% of total trips in Metropolitan Lagos.

About 97% of all transit in Lagos are done by road.

4

Observed travel demand patterns

Danfo (Minibus)

72%

Car 19%

Regulated bus 2%

BRT 2%

Motorcycle 2%

Water 2%

Rail 1%

Passengers Carried

Source: LAMATA Strategic Transport Master Plan

Danfo (Minibus)

24%

Car 57%

Regulated bus 2%

BRT 1%

Motorcycle 16%

Road Space Usage

Roads 99.8%

Others 0.2%

22%

45% 8%

13%

12%

Total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion by sectors

Electricity and heat production

Transport

Manufacturing & Construction

Other sectors

Other energy industry own use

Nigeria

Source: IEA

Environmental Impact

In 2011, Nigeria had the fourth highest CO2 emission from fuel

combustion in Africa after South Africa, Egypt and Algeria

respectively.

The transport sector, with a 45% share, was the largest contributor to

a nationwide CO2 emission from fuel combustion of 52.8 million

tonnes that year.

5

The Lagos Air Quality Monitoring Study (2007-2009) revealed that vehicles contribute approximately 43% to the total level of air pollution in Lagos.

Over a quarter of the transport sector contribution to CO2 emissions in Nigeria comes from Lagos alone.

The emission factors for many Nigerian vehicles are close to the Euro 2 Standards, which is 3 to 4 times greater than European values. 6

Lagos



Below is a breakdown of emissions per vehicle category:

7

Daily Average CO2 Emissions in Lagos

*HD – Heavy Duty; MD – Medium Duty; LD – Light Duty; PC – Passenger Car; P&D – Petrol and Diesel*

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Motorcycle

PC Petrol

PC P&D

PC Diesel

Taxi

Danfo (Minibus)

Coaster Bus

BRT Bus

LD Truck

MD Truck

HD Truck

CO2 (g/km)

Daily Average CO2 Emissions for each Vehicle Category

Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions

Handbook


However, in actual terms, the emission per passenger is lower for

vehicles with high occupancy rates (e.g – Buses)

8

Daily Average CO2 Emissions in Lagos

*HD – Heavy Duty; MD – Medium Duty; LD – Light Duty; PC – Passenger Car; P&D – Petrol and Diesel*

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00

Motorcycle

PC Petrol

PC P&D

PC Diesel

Taxi

Danfo (Minibus)

Coaster Bus

Rail

BRT Bus

LD Truck

MD Truck

HD Truck

CO2 (g/km)

Daily Average CO2 Emissions per Passenger by Vehicle Category (Passenger Carbon footprint)

Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook

CO2 Emissions in Lagos


By the year 2032, CO2 emissions by the transport sector in Lagos are

estimated to exceed 15 Million tonnes per annum if measures are not

put in place to curtail it.

9 Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook

0

3

5

8

10

0

5

10

15

20

2008 2012 2032 BAU

Em

issi

on

s, M

illio

n T

on

ne

s

Pa

sse

ng

er,

Millio

ns

Without Implementing Strategic Transport Master Plan

(STMP)

Auto Passenger Transit Passenger

Auto CO2 Emissions Transit CO2 Emissions

The Big Moves in Lagos towards a

Sustainable Urban Transport System

Develop a fully integrated mass rapid transit system to cover activity centers identified Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP) of the mega city region

Six Rail Lines ─ One Monorail Line

16 BRT Routes ─ Over 20 water routes

Key road projects

Introduce a common ticketing system to aid integration of public transport modes.

Develop the waterways transport network to integrate with Rail and BRT.

Develop a ring road around Metropolitan Lagos to take pressure away from the mainland.

Use of ITS technology to optimize the transport network.

10

CO2 Emissions in Lagos

0

3

5

8

10

0

5

10

15

20

2008 2012 2032 BAU

Emis

sio

ns,

Mill

ion

To

nn

es

Pas

sen

ger,

Mill

ion

s

Without Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP)



11

0

3

5

8

10

0

5

10

15

20

2008 2012 2032 STMP

Emis

sio

ns,

Mill

ion

To

nn

es

Pas

sen

ger,

Mill

ion

s

With Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP)



• Execution of projects within the STMP will result in an emission level

less than 8 Million tonnes per annum, which represents over 50%

reduction in emissions from the 2032BAU level.

Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions Handbook; *BAU – Business As Usual; *STMP – Strategic Transport Master Plan


Financing/Working with

Manufacturers

Lagos State government commenced discussions

with Nigerian Independent Petroleum Company

(NIPCO) on conversion of some diesel buses to

CNG

Only about 5000 vehicles use CNG as fuel in

Nigeria since the inception of the project in 2009

CNG buses is already in use at Benin city, Edo

State of Nigeria

LAMATA is proposing five CNG buses on its BRT

corridor for test run. Only about 500 vehicles run

on CNG in Lagos

12

Key barriers and

challenges to date

Nigeria is a gas-rich country, usage of CNG will

help reduce Governments’ dependence on the

importation of refined products

However, use of CNG powered buses is still at

infancy in the country

Lack of political will to support investment in the use of CNG to power vehicles

The moderate achievement in this regard is from

few private investors

13

Key barriers and

challenges to date

The cost of conversion and availability of gas are

some of the major challenges of this scheme

Cost of conversion to become CNG compatible

cost between $1000 and $1,500

14

Next Steps

It is believed that a policy direction from the

Central government could accelerate use of

CNG to power vehicles in Nigeria.

Advocacy from UNEP and groups such as this to

create awareness that CNG powered vehicles as

economical, safer, flexible and eco-friendly

15

Thank You

16

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