People of the Civil Rights Era

Southern Democrats

They like the Status Quo and fight to keep it

Political Segregationists

Arkansas GovernorFought to prevent integration at Little Rock

Central High SchoolSent the National Guard to prevent the Little

Rock Nine from attending

Orval Faubus

Alabama GovernorVery vocal about keeping segregationStood at the door of the University of

Alabama to prevent two black students from enrolling

George Wallace

Georgia GovernorBefore becoming governor

made national new when he kept blacks out of his “whites only” restaurant using an axe handle

Sold his restaurant rather than follow court order to admit blacks

After all this, he is elected governor

Lester Maddox

Those who fought for Civil Rights

Activists

Pastor in Montgomery, AL

Promoted Civil DisobedienceSit-InsMarchesBoycotts

Wrote “Letters from a Birmingham Jail”

Gave “I Have a Dream Speech”

Assassinated in 1968

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

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Arrested for not giving her seat up on a bus

Led to 13 month “bus boycott” by African Americans in Montgomery, AL

Rosa Parks

Courts ruled segregation on buses was unconstitutional

NAACP Attorney in Brown v. Board of Education

Became first

African American on the Supreme Court

Thurgood Marshall

As the Civil Rights movement moved out of the South, it began to change…

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Militant black MuslimQuestioned Dr. King’s policy of non-violencePromoted “Black Nationalism” – seeking

complete independence from whitesAssassinated in 1965

Malcolm X

1966 Founded in Oakland, CAProvided services for their black communityWanted an end to police brutalityWere armed and did not back downDemanded reparation be paid for years of

oppression

Black Panthers

Blacks were not the only ones fighting for equality…

Organized Chicano farm workers in CA

Used non-violent protests to improve the lives of farm workers

Cesar Chavez

Leader of Chicano Movement in TX

Surgeon and WWII Veteran

Hector P. Garcia

Became first Mexican American to serve on US Commission of Civil Rights

Women’s rights activistWrote “The Feminine Mystique”Helped form the National Association of

Women (NOW)

Betty Friedan

Group that fought fair treatment of American Indians

Slogan: “Red Power”Introduced term “Native American”Temporarily occupied Alcatraz and Wounded

Knee

American Indian Movement (AIM)