Spa$al  analysis  of  environmental  degrada$on  and  household  

insecurity  along  the  Hai$an  and  Dominican  Border  

Alexandra  Morel  EI  Fellow,  CIESIN  

Frontera  Verde  

•  Bi-­‐na$onal  reforesta$on  project  

Massacre  Pedernales  

Methodology  /  Fieldwork  •  Combina$on  land  cover  mapping  and  household  surveys  

•  Survey:  –  229  household  surveys  across  20  communi$es  

–  October-­‐  November  2011  –  Team  of  10  Hai$an  enumerators  –  Use  of  android  tablets  &  ODK  to  collect  the  data  

•  Land  cover  mapping:  –  Landsat  5  –  3  $me  periods  (1986,  2001  &  2010)  

Ini$al  results  of    survey  

Livelihoods  targeted  –  Farming  (87%)  –  Livestock  (62%)  –  Fishing  (4%)  –  Frontera  Verde  tree  plan$ng  

(5%)  –  Charcoal  produc$on  (28%)  

Basic  Demographics  –  HH  size,  gender  of  HH  head,  no  

of  HH  members  a`ending  school,  etc  

Measures  of  insecurity  –  Food,  energy  &  water  –  Seasonal  repor$ng  

Wealth  measures  –  Assets,  livestock  &  land  

Border  conflicts  

 

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Farmers  Less than 40%

income from farming

More than 40% income from

farming Total Statistical testbase 115 114 229

Household compositionHousehold size 7.5 6.8 7.2 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0937 Nb of children 3.5 3.0 3.3 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0899

Land ownershipNo land owned 24.3 15.9 20.0 Pr = 0.017Less than 0.5 kawo 35.0 23.4 29.10.5 to 1 kawo 14.6 29.9 22.4More than 1 kawo 26.2 30.8 28.6

Food insecurity Food Secure 5.2 1.8 3.5 Pr = 0.035Moderately food insecure 28.7 17.5 23.1Severely food insecure 66.1 80.7 73.4

Food insecurity score 7.1 8.2 7.7 Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0050 Buy food in DR 50.4 28.1 39.3 Pr = 0.001

Main crops base on farmers only 85 114 199Maize 17.7 60.5 42.2 Pr = 0.000Manioc 17.7 58.8 41.2 Pr = 0.000Pois congo 10.6 58.8 38.2 Pr = 0.000Potato 7.1 42.1 27.1 Pr = 0.000

Land  Cover  Change  Analysis  

Landsat  5  Mosaic  for  2010  

“Vicarious  valida$on”  with  30  cm  aerial  photographs.  

Maximum  Likelihood  Classifica$on  (MLC)  overall  accuracy  =  64.4  %,  κ  =  0.53  

Pedernales   Massacre  

Change  in  Mangrove  Cover  

Incidence  and  Prevalence  of  Charcoal  Use/Produc$on  Spa$ally  

Charcoal  producers  Non-

charcoal producers

Charcoal producer Total Statistical test

base 166 63 229

GenderMale 51.8 63.5 55.0Female 48.2 36.5 45.0

Sources of incomeFarming (>40%) 54 43.3 50.95 t = 1.40; p=0.16Livestock 59.0 71.4 62.5 t =-2.02; p=0.04Remittances 6.0 0.0 4.4 t = 1.71; p=0.09

Food insecurityFood insecurity score (0-15) 7.4 8.4 7.7 t =-2.15; p=0.02

Energy insecurityDays with insufficient energy 65.1 76.2 68.1 t =-1.60; p=0.11

Wealth levelLack of money concern 54.2 63.5 56.8 t =-1.59; p=0.21

Lowest wealth quartile 22.3 25.4 23.1 X2(3)=1.67; p=0.64Second wealth quartile 25.9 30.2 27.1Third wealth quartile 25.3 23.8 24.9Highest wealth quartile 26.5 20.6 24.9

Assets value (in Gds) 8,602 6,569 8,043 t = 1.15; p= 0.37

Livestock ownershipLess than 1,500 Gds 27.6 17.7 24.9 X2(3)= 8.52; p= 0.041,500 to 15,000 Gds 29.5 17.7 26.215,000 to 30,000 Gds 16.6 22.6 18.2More than 30,000 Gds 26.4 41.9 30.7

Livestock value (in Gds) 22,147 34,191 25,466 t =-2.02; p=0.04

X2(1)=2.52; p=0.11

             Indicates  sta$s$cally  significant  differences    at  a  0.1  level    

Future  plans  •  Spa$al  analysis  of  

environmental  variables  and  household  poverty/insecurity  indicators  

•  Include  MODIS  imagery  to  be`er  inform  land  cover  classifica$on  

•  Generate  community  maps  for  future  reforesta$on  sites  

•  Facilitate  bi-­‐na$onal  mee$ng  between  Dominican  and  Hai$an  GIS  agencies  

Acknowledgements  •  My  collaborators:  

–  Paola  Kim-­‐Blanco,  Kevin  Tschirhart,  Kim  Peng,  Joseph  Muhlhausen,  Jen  Mulvey  

–  Frontera  Verde  Staff  –  State  University  of  Hai$  students  

•  Incredibly  helpful  advice  from:  –  Hope  Michelson  

•  Funding:  –  UNEP  DEWA