spread of islam
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Spread of Islam. Where did Islam Spread?. Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina Fertile Crescent, N. Africa, Asia (weak Byzantine and Persian Empires) Arabic language spread. Why Did Islam Spread?. spread quickly along trade routes, w/ military victories. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Spread of Islam
Where did Islam Spread?Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina
Fertile Crescent, N. Africa, Asia(weak Byzantine and Persian Empires)
Arabic language spread
Why Did Islam Spread?
Reasons for appeal:1. simple, direct
message2. equality of all
believers3. based on oral
traditions – did not need to be literate
spread quickly along trade routes, w/ military victories
How did Islam Spread?
• Muhammad issues jihad – “Holy War”• After Muhammad’s death, who should
rule????• Caliph = Successor• Each Caliph was elected• Qu’ran as guide
4 Rightly Guided Caliphs632-661 CE
• Abu Bakr:• Unites Arabia• Writes down Qur’an
• Umar:• Conquers Syria, Egypt & parts of Persia
• Uthman & Ali:• By 750, empires went from Atlantic Ocean to Indus
Valley, including Spain• Division of Muslims about who should rule
– Sunni & Shi’a (Shiites)
Why Were the Caliphs Successful?
1. disciplined armies2. weak Byzantine and Persian Empires3. persecuted people welcomed them as
liberators4. Message appealing5. no payment of Tax
Umayyad Dynasty661-750 CE
• Moved capital to Damascus• Caliphs chosen by heredity• Abandoned simple life -- Surrounded
themselves with wealth– (Simple life wealthy life)
• These facts lead to a fundamental division in Muslim community
Sunni – Shi’a Split
Support all four Calpihs
Any religious person can interpret Qu’ran
80% of Muslims
Iraq, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia
Party of Ali
Calpihs – direct descendants of Muhammad
Only Imam can interpret Qu’ran
20% of Muslims
Iran
Shi’as – Shiites
Sunnis
Abbasid Dynasty750-1258 CE
• 750 CE – Abbasids take over• Murder remaining Umayyads• Move capital to Baghdad – center of family
power• Religious leaders helped control empire
Spread of Islam• Across Asia and Africa, and into Spain
Islamic Holy Cities
• Mecca – site of Ka’aba• Medina – city of prophet – Hijrah• Jerusalem – Dome of the Rock – Muhammad
ascends to heaven.
Mecca
Medina
Jerusalem
Historical Turning Points1. Death of Ali - Sunni-Shi’a division
– Who should lead Islam?
2. Muslim conquest of Damascus– Umayyad Dynasty
3. Islamic capital moved to Baghdad– Abbasid Dynasty
4. Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours – 732 CE– Stopped Spread of Islam into Europe
5. Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols – 1258 CE– End of Islamic Empire
The Spread of Islam2
1. For each group of rulers, identify the period of their rule and at least two developments that affected the growth or strength of Islam during that period.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
Rightly Guided Caliphs
Umayyads
Abbasids
Rulers Developments in IslamPeriod of Rule
632-661
661-750
750-1258
Spread of Islam east and west, tolerance of Jews and Christians
Shift of capital to Baghdad, growth of Muslim trade network
Split between Sunni and Shi’a, development of Sufi movement
GRAPH
Jews Believe
Muslims Believe
Christians BelieveAll Believe
Think About:•Founding•Major branches•Holy Book•Law•Teachings•Prophets•Place of worship
Pre-AP: write a thesis statement comparing and contrasting the three monotheistic religions