statement of objective:wh.h.3 understand how conflict and innovation influenced political,...

Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 WH.H.3

Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in

medieval civilizations.

• Student will be able to explain …Student will be able to explain …– The Fall of Western Rome and the lasting effects

on western Europe.– The Rise and Role of Christianity and Islam in

Medieval times.– The Kingdom of Charlemagne – The Feudalism & Manorial Systems– The Cause and Effect of the Crusades

Fall of the Roman Empire:

• Visigoths, influenced by Roman law, Christianity

• Attacked by Huns under Attila in 5th c. CE• Massive migration of Germanic peoples

into Roman Empire• The Visigoth AlaricAlaric sacked Rome in 410

CE

Germanic invasions and the fall of the western Roman Empire, 450-476 CE

Businesses and trade collapsed

People were unwilling to trade with strangers

Money was scarce Cities were

abandoned

Age of Age of Charlemagne Charlemagne

Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

What are the ‘Middle Ages’?

• The time after the Roman Empire declined

• Medieval Europe was fragmented after the Germanic Tribes took over

Roman Political System

Structured government

Citizenship and loyal to public government and written laws

Cities were the centers for government and trade

People followed the rule of kings and emperors

Middle Ages Government

Unstructured, family loyalties

Governed by unwritten rules and traditions

Germanic groups pledged loyal to chiefs that had warriors to protect them

Lived in small communities

Germanic Customs• Germanic invaders could

not read or write so learning declined

• Germanic tribes did have a rich oral tradition of songs and legends but NO WRITTEN language

• No common language since Latin began to change from region to region

The Germanic rulers were illiterate so the literacy rate dramatically fell

Greek and Roman works were lostLatin was no longer an understood

languageThe Catholic Church did survive and

provided some order and security in a time of chaos

Christianity• Germanic tribes

adopted Christianity• Monasteries –

communities of nuns and monks who were servants of God–They were Europe’s

best educated –They opened schools

Christianity

–Maintained libraries–Copied important books: this

preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements

Monastery of the Cross

Saint George Monastery

Gregory the Great• Missionaries carried Christianity

and the Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes

• Gregory the Great = Pope who expanded the pope’s power to be involved in politics.– He used church revenues

(money) to:• Raise armies• Repair Roads• Help the Poor

The Carolingian Dynasty• Charles Martel – Expanded Frankish

power and became more powerful than the king

• His son Pepin the Short was anointed by the Pope as king by the grace of God

• This began what is known as the reign of the Carolingian Dynasty = time of Frankish rulers

Charles the GreatCharles the Great• He was 6ft 4inches = taller

than many in Europe• AKA Charlemagne• Becomes king of the Francs• Quickly controlled the entire

kingdom of the Francs • Spread Christianity and

reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire

Age of Charlemagne• He regularly visited every

part of his kingdom• Limited the power of the

nobles• Encouraged learning which

revived Roman Culture• The Pope crowned him

Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

• After he died his united kingdom fell apart

MORE INVASIONS!• From 800 to 1000 the Magyar warriors

terrorized Germany and Italy• From the north, the Vikings attacked• Vikings attacked with quick speed.

–They beached their ships, attacked, then shoved out to sea again

–They were also traders and explorers (Leif Leif EricsonEricson)

–Impressive warships

• Answer the following warm-up questions from your book using pages 358-359:– Where did the Vikings come from?– Quickly explain how the Vikings attacks

would be carried out.– Describe the brilliant technology that the

Vikings had with the ship building? What were the effects of this technology?

The VikingsThe Vikings

• The need for protection cause the birth of feudalism– During the high point of the invasions a new

form of government was developed with a focus on the following characteristics:• Local government• Local protection• Local self-sufficiency

Need for protection forms a new Need for protection forms a new political systempolitical system

The Middle Ages

Feudalism

Feudalism Rises• A system of

landholding and governing

• It was based on an exchange of protection for other services

Feudal Pyramid

lords

Feudal System

Lords giveknights/vassalsland (fief) inexchange forthe knights’promiseto defend the lord and his land

Feudal Society• Rigid (strict) class structure

FiefLand given to a Vassal from a Lord

VassalThe person receiving the fief

SerfPeasants who work the land

Manors• The manor is the lord’s estate

• The manoral system is an economic arrangement that is self-sufficient

Manors• Lord provides housing, strips of

farmland, and protection from bandits

• In return, serfs tend the lands, cared for his animals, and maintained the estate/manor

Life on the Manor• Rarely traveled more than 25 miles from

the manor• Generally 15-30 families lived in the

village on a manor• Everything needed such as food, clothes,

fuel, lumber and leather goods were produced on the manor

• Only outside purchases were salt, iron and unusual objects

Problems with Feudalism• Possible to have allegiances to more than one

person• No strong central government

– King must ask his lords for knights in time of war

– King must ask his lords for money to pay for things

– Lords hold most of the power• Lords constantly fighting among

themselves.

How to Gain / Stay in PowerHow to Gain / Stay in Power

• GET More LAND!!

• More land = more crops = more $

• How to Get More Land?• Conquer it

• Medieval times saw constant fighting• Marry into it

• Make Alliances

• It helps to have friends• Marry off your daughter to secure an alliance

The Norman Conquest

• In 1066, England was invaded by Normans (Vikings from modern-day France)

•The Battle of Hastings –Harold, King of England killed–William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) takes over.

William of Normandy helped make England what it is today and codified feudalism (gave

it the force of law).

• French was spoken in the English court for the next 200 years.

• 1066 - William I creates Domesday Book for purposes of fair tax collection.– Great resource for

modern historians to learn about Medieval life)

Norman ship

William of Normandy

The Crusades!Christian

Holy War

Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

The Invaders• In 1093, Byzantine

Emperor named Alexius Comnenus ask for help against invaders– THE INVADERS: The

Muslim Turks aka Ottoman Turks

• The Muslim Turks were trying to take over the Byzantine capital of CONSTANTINOPLE

Pope Urban II• Pope Urban II read the letter asking for help

and called for a “holy war” or CRUSADE

• He said those who fought and died in the Crusades would be promised a spot in Heaven with all sins forgiven

• He was also looking to calm the issues with sedentary Knights of Europe.

THE GOAL• The goal of these

Christian soldiers were to recover –1. Jerusalem and

–2. Holy Land

• They wanted it back from the Muslim Turks

Crusader Spirit• There were economic and religious motives for

the Crusades

–Kings and the Church: A way to get rid of knights who always fought each other and threatened the peace of the kingdom

–Younger Sons: A way to gain land and position in society since the oldest son gets everything

–Knights and Commoners: fired by religious zeal (passion)

First Crusade

• Unprepared troops

• No strategy

• Captured Jerusalem

• Carved in up into 4 Crusader states

Second Crusade• Muslim leader

Saladin takes control of Jerusalem

• Muslim Turks re-conquer the city

• Saladin is described to be honest and brave

Third Crusade• Richard the Lion

Heart = English King and two other leaders recapture Jerusalem

• He and Saladin respected each other and signed a peace treaty that lasted only a short while…

The Magna Carta

• English King John , Brother of Richard I and grandson of William the Conqueror, was a bad king so his nobles forced him to sign it

• Limited powers of king. • Signed in 1215• Example of Rule of Law

Magna Carta - 1215• No royal official shall take goods from any

man without immediate payment.• No free man shall be imprisoned except by

the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land.

• In future no official shall place a man on trial without producing credible witnesses.

• Courts shall be held in a fixed place at a fixed time.

• The barons shall elect a House of Lords for the creation of laws.

• The English church shall be free.• For a trivial offence, a free man shall be

fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence.

Due Process of LawDue Process of Law

In the End• The Christians

are finally pushed out of Jerusalem

• Muslim Turks are the victors and take over the Byzantine in 1453

Effects of the Crusades• Negatives:

– Weakened the Byzantine Empire, the Pope and nobles

– Kings become stronger– Leaves a legacy of bitterness between the

Christians, Jews and the Muslims

• Positives:– Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean and

Middle East– Europe learns much from the Muslims

Pictures Cited• Slide 1 –

http://us.movies1.yimg.com/movies.yahoo.com/images/hv/photo/movie_pix/twentieth_century_fox/kingdom_of_heaven/_group_photos/orlando_bloom5.jpg

• Slide 2 – http://kspark.kaist.ac.kr/1st%20Crusades.files/Crusades.files/Crusaders%20Constantinople%201204_t.jpg, http://sharpiron.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/sassanian_heavy_cavalry1.jpg

• Slide 3 – http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/urban2.jpg

• Slide 4 – http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/L/K/UrbanIIPreaches-l.jpg, http://www.topfoto.co.uk/gallery/PapalVisits/images/prevs/0819352.jpg

• Slide 5 – http://kelticklankirk.com/templar_knight_crusaders_in_battle_33.jpg

• Slide 6 – http://shalomrav.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/crusades1.jpg

• Slide 7 – http://vwt.d2g.com:8081/crusaders.jpg

• Slide 8 – http://www.supremacygames.net/RJSnews/2005_images/crusade_movie.jpg

• Slide 9 – http://www.aijac.org.au/review/2005/images/crusades.jpg

• Slide 10 – http://www.civfanatics.net/~civrules/Article/MiscScreens/Saladin.jpg

• Slide 11 – http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/portraits/engravers/graphics/richard.jpg

• Slide 12 – http://templars.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/templar1.jpg

Pictures Cited• Slide 1 – http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/images/rainbow.jpg• Slide 2 – http://scrapbookingtolearn.com/images/maxpages/MidAges3pgkage.jpg• Slide 3 – http://beeradvocate.com/im/articles/668-1.jpg• Slide 4 – http://www.writespirit.net/image/unknown/christ• Slide 5 – http://pow.reonline.org.uk/images/pic_christianity.jpg• Slide 6 – http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/images/jerusalem/monastery-of-

cross/monastery-of-the-cross-cc-heatkernel.jpg• Slide 7 – http://www.atpm.com/7.09/israel/images/st-george-monastery.jpg• Slide 8 – http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/15/97/23359715.jpg• Slide 9 – http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/mar_saba_monastery.jpg• Slide 10 – http://stgregory.all-catholic.net/gregory2.jpg• Slide 12 – http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/4/4e/250px-

Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg• Slide 13 – http://www.nndb.com/people/180/000085922/charlemagne-1-sized.jpg• Slide 14 – http://globalgenealogy.com/globalgazette/images/gazxs42a.jpg• Slide 16 – http://home.exetel.com.au/manxman/vikings/CoolPrintVikingShip.jpg• Slide 17 – http://www.geocities.com/richard_holmes/images/bodiam.jpg• Slide 18 – http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/c/ca/250px-

Rolandfealty.jpg• Slide 19 – http://media.allrefer.com/s4/l/p0013046-feudalism.gif

Pictures Cited

• Slide 20 – http://tayci.tripod.com/cstleclif.jpg• Slide 22 – http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/images/Europe/factfile/415px-

Burg_Eltz_1.jpg• Slide 23 –

http://www.medieval-castles.org/pictures/pictures/gigantic_castle.jpg• Slide 25 – http://home.att.net/~karen.crisafulli/CarewCastle.jpeg

Pictures Cited• Slide 3 – http://www.greenstar.org/Islam/Art/image/koran-cover.jpg

• Slide 4 – http://www.wdr.de/themen/panorama/gesellschaft/koran_prozess/_img/koran_gold_400q.jpg

• Slide 5 – http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9606/02/newsbriefs/saudi_arabia.jpg

• Slide 7 – http://galenfrysinger.us/us/us023.jpg

• Slide 10 – http://www.wayfaring.info/wp-content/uploads/2006/11/mecca-hajj.jpg

• Slide 11 – http://girlsoloinarabia.typepad.com/photos/algeriapics/tunis_medina003.jpg

• Slide 12 – http://haj.abcrom.net/pictures/Medina.jpg

• Slide 13 – http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9901/03/israel.cult.arrests.02/map.israel.jerusalem.lg.jpg

• Slide 14 – http://www.biblelieux.com/images/Dome_du_Rocher_vu_de_l_est,_tb042403.jpg

• Slide 15 – http://msnbcmedia1.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/060907/060907_saudiWoman_hmed_4p.widec.jpg

• Slide 16 – http://www.yanabi.com/media/IslamicImages/Al_Haram_kaba/images/KABAA6.jpg

statement of objective:wh.h.3 understand how conflict and innovation influenced political,...

Documents