stationary voltammetry electrode

Stationary Voltammetry Electrode

These disk voltammetry electrodes are small and easy-to-use. All are manufactured in a solvent resistant CTFE plastic body (7.5 cm length x 6 mm OD) which is embedded with highly polished disks of various electrode materials (glassy carbon, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, or silver). The electrode disk diameter is either 1.6 mm or 3.0 mm, depending on the material chosen. There

is also an electrode body designed for use with carbon paste (also available from BAS) or

new composite materials of your design. We are pleased to consult with you on custom fabrication of voltammetry electrodes using this same basic design and other materials (copper, tungsten, tin, cadmium, etc.).

A metal pin (0.75 cm) mounted in the plastic body of the electrode is used to connect these electrodes to an appropriate instrument using either an alligator clip or a 0.060" gold-

plated female connector (MF-2004). Each electrode comes with a silicon O-ring which fits snugly on the plastic body. By rolling the O-ring to different positions, you can change the depth of the electrode mounted in a voltammetry cell.

In addition to the standard electrodes listed, we offer custom fabrication using other materials. Surfaces are micropolished to a mirror finish and easily maintained with the BAS PK-4 polishing kit, which is sold separately.

"Practical Problems in Voltammetry 4: Preparation of Working Electrodes", A.W. Bott, Current Separations, 16 (1997) 79.

Ordering Information

MF-2011 Silver Electrode (AGE) (3.0 mm dia.)

MF-2012 Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) (3.0 mm dia.)

MF-2013 Platinum Electrode (PTE) (1.6 mm dia.)

MF-2014 Gold Electrode (AUE) (1.6 mm dia.)

MF-2010 Electrode Body for 3.0 mm ID Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE): purchase carbon paste separately.

MF-2015 Small Electrode Body (3 mm OD) for 1.6 mm ID Carbon Paste Electrode (MCPE): purchase carbon paste separately

CF-1010 Carbon Paste (CPO) (1 g): paste of uniform graphite particles mixed with a paraffin binder (for use in aqueous media)

MF-2016 Nickel Electrode (NIE) (3.0 mm dia.)

MF-2018 Palladium Electrode (PDE) (3.0 mm dia.)

Inquire Custom Voltammetry Electrodes: with other electrode materials

Micro Electrode

Microelectrodes are intended for use with the LCM Low Current Module. These electrodes consist of small diameter metal wires or fibers (5-100 µm) sealed within tempered glass bodies. The flattened end of the microelectrode is polished to a mirror finish, which can be maintained using the polishing materials contained in the PK-4 Polishing Kit. The electrical connection is a 0.060" gold-plated pin.

Microelectrodes are available in a variety of materials, including carbon fiber, platinum, gold, and silver. Other materials can be incorporated into microelectrodes if they are available as a wire or a fiber, and form a good seal with epoxy - please contact us to discuss your requirements. The dimensions of the electrode are approximately 7.5 cm long and 4 mm OD. Each electrode is visually inspected and tested voltammetrically before shipping.


MF-2005 10 um diameter Platinum Microelectrode

MF-2006 10 um diameter Gold Microelectrode

MF-2007 11 um diameter Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

MF-2150 100 um diameter Platinum Microelectrode

Reference Electrode

Silver/Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) Reference Electrodes

These compact, glass-bodied reference electrodes are available in two styles. The 7.5 cm long RE-5B reference electrode is used for voltammetry and polarography experiments using the C-2 and C-3 Cell Stands, the CGMEControlled Growth MercuryElectrode, the RDE-1 andRDE-2 Rotating DiskElectrodes, and the LCM LowCurrent Module. The shorter (3cm) RE-6 reference electrodeis used with the CC-5 Cross-Flow Thin-Layer Flow Cell.Both electrodes have an 6 mmOD glass body, and use aporous junction (frit) made fromeither ceramic (RE-6) or Vycor(RE-5B) (note that, due to the

high resistance of the ceramic frit, the RE-6 electrode is only recommended for aqueous electrolytes). Both electrodes consist of a silver wire coated with silver chloride immersed in either a 3 M NaCl gel (RE-6) or a 3M NaCl solution (RE-5B). The silver wire terminates in a 0.060" OD gold-plated connecting pin mounted on the end of a length of flexible, plastic-coated wire. Connections to these electrodes can be made using either an alligator clip or a 0.060" gold-plated female connector (MF-2004). The potential of these electrodes is approximately -35 mV relative to a Saturated Calomel reference Electrode (SCE).

Although these electrodes are disposable, their lifetime can be extended by storing them with the porous tips immersed in a 3 M NaCl solution (i.e., a solution with the same chloride concentration as the filling solution). Once wetted, the tips must remain so to prevent damage to the frit. In order to preserve the frit during shipping, the electrode tip is sealed with a protective plastic sheath. This sheath must be removed upon receipt, and the electrode immediately immersed in a 3 M NaCl solution. The storage vial MR-5275 can be used to suspend three reference electrodes in the salt solution while protecting the connecting pins and wires from corrosion.

A double junction reference electrode can be set up using an RE-5B reference electrode with the glass chamber MF-2030. This chamber also has a Vycor frit, which must be maintained as described in the previous paragraph.

MF-2052 RE-5B Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode with Flexible Connector

MR-5275 Storage vial for Ag/AgCl reference electrodes (Aqueous only)

MF-2042 Glass tube with porous Vycor tip

MF-2030 Double-junction reference electrode chamber

The RE-1 (MF-2020 and MF-2024) and RE-4 (MF-2021) reference electrodes have been discontinued: please order the RE-5B and RE-6 reference electrodes, respectively.

Saturated Calomel Reference Electrode (SCE) Kit

This reference electrode comes in kit form and requires user preparation. The kit includes a glass electrode body in the "H" design with a porous Vycor frit and a platinum wire electrode lead. Vials containing saturated KCl solution and calomel paste are provided (please note that mercury is NOT provided, and must be obtained from an alternative source). An instruction sheet illustrates assembly. The user will need glass pipettes, a pipette bulb, and clean mercury for assembly. Once assembled, the electrode must be maintained in a stable, upright position, with the Vycor tip continuously wetted. The electrode should be stored with the tip immersed in a saturated KCl solution.

MF-2055 Calomel Reference Electrode Kit

MF-2057 Glass "H" Cell with Vycor tip and platinum wire

Non-aqueous Silver/Silver Ion (Ag/Ag+) Reference Electrode Kit

This kit contains the parts required for construction of a non-aqueous silver/silver ion reference electrode. The glass electrode body has a porous Vycor tip attached with heat shrink tubing. The removable Teflon top contains a silver wire and 0.060" gold-plated connecting pin for the cell lead. The kit also contains solid silver nitrate, extra heat shrink tubing, and extra porous Vycor tips. Non-aqueous solvents must be supplied by the user. An instruction sheet illustrates easy assembly.

MF-2062 Non-aqueous Reference Electrode Kit

MF-2042 Glass tube with porous Vycor tip, 6mm OD 7.5cm long

MF-2064 Porous Vycor Tips 1/8" long (10/pkg.) with 1/2" lengths of Teflon heat shrink (12/pkg.)

Pt Auxiliary(Counter) Electrode

Platinum wire auxiliary electrodes (0.5 mm diameter) are available in a variety of lengths. The electrode of choice depends upon the type of BAS cell (and the experiment), as listed below. Each platinum wire terminates in a gold-plated brass connector. Electrical connection to this pin can be made using either an alligator clip or a 0.040" gold-plated connector (MF-2000).


MW-1032 Platinum Wire Auxiliary Electrode (7.5 cm), with gold-plated connector, mounted in CTFE cylinder. For use with the C-2 and the C-3 Cell Stands.

MW-1033 Coiled Platinum Wire Auxiliary Electrode (23 cm), with gold-plated connector, mounted in CTFE cylinder. For use with the RDE-1, the RDE-2, and the bulk electrolysis cell.

MW-4130 Platinum Wire Auxiliary Electrode (6 cm) with gold-plated connector for use with the C1 Cell Stand, the VC-2 Voltammetry Cell, and in the Low Volume Cell for the C-2 Cell Stand.

Voltammetry Cells

Cell Vial


MF-1082 Replacement cell vial for C-1 and C-2 Cell Stands (6/pkg)

MR-3770 Water-jacketed cell vial for C-1 and C-2 Cell Stands

MR-1208 Replacement cell vial for C-3 Cell Stand, CGME, and RDE-2 (12/pkg)

MF-1084 Low-volume cell vial for C-3 Cell Stand, CGME, and RDE-2 (6/pkg)

MR-1212 Water-jacketed cell vial for C-3 Cell Stand, CGME, and RDE-2

MF-1083 Replacement cell vial for Microcell and VC-2 Voltammetry Cell

MR-3760 Low-volume cell vial for RDE-1

MR-1160 Water-jacketed cell vial for RDE-1

MR-1195 Replacement cell vial for Bulk Electrolysis Cell

MR-1194 Water-jacketed cell vial for Bulk Electrolysis Cell

Cell Tops

Ordering Information ER-8946 CTFE cell top for C-2 Cell Stand (sample)

ER-8947 CTFE cell top for C-2 Cell Stand (next sample)

MS-1081 CTFE cell top bushing for voltammetric microelectrodes

MR-3750 Teflon cell top for C-2 Cell Stand Low Volume Cell

MR-3818 Teflon cell top for C-3 Cell Stand and CGME

MR-3839 Teflon cell top for RDE-2

Gas Sparging & Magnetic Stirring


MR-4404 Gas inlet barb fitting

MF-1035 Sparging assembly for RDE-1

MW-4560 CTFE cell top bushing for voltammetric microelectrodes

MW-4145 Sparge tube for C-2 Cell Stand (includes glass-fritted tube, O-ring, and coupler

MF-2081 Sparge tube for RDE-1 (includes glass-fritted tube, O-ring, and coupler

ER-9132 Replacement magnetic stirrer

PK-4 Polishing kit

The electron transfer kinetics, and hence the current response, of redox-active species can be dramatically affected by the condition of the surface of the working electrode. Pretreatment of the electrode surface may therefore be necessary in order to obtain reproducible results.

Wiping or rinsing the electrode surface with water and/or methanol, followed by air drying, may be sufficient to remove adsorbed species and restore the working electrode to prime condition. Otherwise, polishing may be required, using the alumina and diamond polishes and the polishing pads of the PK-4 polishing kit. Thorough rinsing is required after

polishing. In addition, electrodes polished using 0.05 µm alumina should be ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water for a few minutes, in order to remove any residual alumina. The progression of polishing should always proceed from coarse to fine materials, with thorough rinsing and a change of pads between each step. Fabric pads (attached to glass plates) are the substrates upon which the polish suspensions are applied.

For more information about electrode polishing and other methods of electrode pretreatment, see "Practical Problems in Voltammetry 4: Preparation of Working Electrodes", A.W. Bott, Current Separations, 16 (1997) 79.

Features

• Renew and recycle valuable working electrodes• Use for all types of working electrodes, including microelectrodes• Four grades of diamond and alumina polish• Variety of polishing pads with secure, self-adhesive backs• Detailed, illustrated instruction manual

Specifications

Base Plates Two heavy glass plates.

Substrates Fine grit pads (5), brown Texmet/alumina pads (5), and nylon/diamond pads (10).

Polishing Suspensions

2 mL of 15 µm coarse diamond polish, 2 mL of 3 µm fine diamond polish, 2 ml of 1 µm very fine diamond polish, and 7 ml of 0.05 µm alumina polish included with kit. 6 µm medium diamond polish available as a separate item.

Manual Detailed instructions and illustrations for cleaning, polishing, and maintaining all BAS working electrodes, as well as information about maintenance of reference electrodes.


MF-2060 PK-4 Polishing Kit

CF-1050 Polishing Alumina, 7 mL

MF-2051 Coarse Diamond Polish, 15um, 2 mL

MF-2053 Medium Diamond Polish, 6 um, 2 mL

MF-2059 Fine Diamond Polish, 3 um, 2 mL

MF-2054 Very Fine Diamond Polish, 1um, 2 mL

MF-1043 Fine Grit Pads, 20/pkg.

MF-2058 Diamond Polishing Pads, 20/pkg.

MF-1040 Alumina Polishing Pads, 20/pkg.

MR-2128 Replacement Glass Polishing Plate

A-1302 Replacement Polishing Manual

Oxygen Electrode Kit

BAS has developed an Oxygen Electrode Kit for lab instructors and teachers wanting to introduce electrochemistry to high school and undergraduate students. The oxygen electrode kit is ideal for illustrating a wide variety of concepts in chemistry, including redox reactions, titrations, mass transport, partial pressure, limiting current, as well as the function of some biologically important molecules such as H2O2, ascorbic acid, and glucose. The sterling attributes of this kit are its durability (no glass or movable parts), ease of assembly, and modest price.

The kit includes the oxygen electrode, supporting electrolyte, precut PTFE membranes, reference coating solution, and assembly base, which greatly simplifies the construction of the detector.


MF2100 Oxygen electrode

CF-1300 Oxygen electrode supporting electrolyte

CF-2200 UniJet reference solution in squeeze bottle (10 mL)

MF-1045 Oxygen electrode PTFE membranes (100)

MF-5685 Microfilter membranes, BA-85, nitrocellulose, 0.45 micron pore (100)

MR-1253 Oxygen electrode kit replacement O-ring

Bulk Electrolysis Cell Kit

This cell is designed for the complete electrolysis of a solution species. Typical uses include the determination of the number of electrons transferred per molecule, the absolute amount of an analyte, or the electrosynthesis of a small amount (typically milligram quantities) of a new material. The components of the complete package are shown in the figure below.

Features

• Complete electrolysis of electroactive species in solution• Large surface-area reticulated vitreous carbon working electrode• Optional platinum gauze working electrode• Use for small-scale (< 75 mL) electrosynthesis studies• Monitor extent of reaction using BAS stationary voltammetry electrodes

Specifications

Standard unit Includes all components in above diagram

Capacity 75 mL of sample solution in standard glass vial or optional water-jacketed vial

Working Electrode Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC) (platinum gauze is also available - please inquire)

Auxiliary Electrode Coiled 23 cm platinum wire within a fritted glass isolation chamber

Reference Electrode RE-5B Ag/AgCl reference electrode

Port Plug Access port for insertion of BAS stationary voltammetry electrode, dispensing of reagents, or venting of cell


MF-1056 Bulk Electrolysis Cell, Complete

MR-1194 Water-Jacketed Glass Cell Vial

MR-1195 Standard 100-mL Glass Cell Vial

MF-2077 Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrode

MW-1033 Coiled Platinum Auxiliary Electrode

MR-1198 Auxiliary Electrode Bushing

MR-1196 Auxiliary Electrode Chamber (Glass)

MR-1236 O-ring for Auxiliary Electrode Chamber

MF-2052 RE-5B Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode

MW-1034 Port Plug

ER-9132 Stir Bar

MR-1199 Cell Top (Teflon)

"Special" Platinum Gauze Working Electrode (call for pricing)

VC2 Cell Kit

The VC-2 Voltammetry Cell assembly (above left) can be used to hold the test sample and BAS electrodes when a C-3 Cell Stand is not available. The Teflon top includes a platinum wire auxiliary electrode with gold connecting pin. This electrode can be removed and replaced if it becomes worn. BAS reference and working electrodes, which must be ordered separately, fit into holes in the top. Both these electrodes are positioned in the vial by use of the O-rings which accompany them. The vial can hold 10-20 mL of sample solution. Teflon tubing for a gas purge/blanket line is also provided.

If you are sample-limited, a special MicroVolume Voltammetry Cell (left) is available for sample volumes as small as 50uL. The VC-2 cell shown is modified to include a glass vessel with a salt bridge, in the position normally occupied by the voltammetry working electrode. The small volume sample is

placed in this glass vessel and a small (MCPE) carbon paste working electrode is lowered into the vessel. The vessel is then placed in a larger vial, together with the reference and auxiliary electrodes. The package includes the carbon paste electrode, carbon paste, the reference and auxiliary electrodes, as well as both glass vessels.

MF-1052 VC-2 Voltammetry Cell with Teflon Electrode Holder, Teflon Tubing, and Platinum Wire Auxiliary Electrode

MF-1083 Replacement Cell Vial (12 each)

MW-4130 Replacement Platinum Wire Auxiliary Electrode with Gold-Plated Connector

MF-1065 MicroVolume Voltammetry Cell, with glass sample vessel, glass vial, Teflon top, inert gas purge line, MCPE carbon paste voltammetry electrode, carbon paste, platinum wire auxiliary electrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and manual

Thin Layer Cell Kit

The thin-layer cell design commonly used in BAS amperometric detectors for liquid chromatography is also used for other electroanalytical studies. This cell can be used in any situation where a flow-through cell is required, e.g., on-line process control.

The size of the layer is determined by the thickness of gaskets used in the cell. BAS offers 0.002", 0.005" and 0.015" thick Teflon® gaskets which can be used alone or stacked to produce a deeper layer. All working electrodes are manufactured in the dual electrode design. Each electrode includes one or a combination of electrode materials. The electrode is easily removed by a simple clamping mechanism or by two stainless steel screws.

The stainless steel auxiliary electrode houses a reference electrode compartment. A miniature Ag/AgCl reference electrode is used in this design. The volume of the flow cell is extremely small (approx. 0.5 µL with a single gasket.)

Package includes:

• Dual glassy carbon working electrode • Ag/AgCl reference electrodes (3) • Inlet and outlet tubing from the cell • Polishing Kit (PK-4) • Faraday cage • Stainless steel auxiliary electrode and cell clamp • Thin-layer gaskets (0.002") • Operations manual • Electrode leads and recorder leads are not included.


LC44-01000 Thin-Layer Flow Cell Package

Reference Electrode

MF-2021 RE-4 (6 mm OD x 30 mm) Ref. Electrode, 3/pkg.

MF-2023 RE-4 O-ring, 10/pkg.

MR-1245 RE-4 O-ring for Non-Aqueous, 1 each

MF-2022 RE-4 Replacement Bushing, 10/pkg.

MF-2078 RE-6 Ag/AgCl reference electrodes with flex. wire connector (6)

Thin Layer Gaskets

The volume of the thin-layer is determined by the thickness of gaskets used in the cell. BAS offers 0.0005", 0.002", 0.005" and 0.015" thick Teflon gaskets which can be used alone or stacked to produce a deeper layer. Currently these gaskets are all identical in color and vary only in thickness. They can be differentiated by their "feel" between the thumb and forefinger.

MF-1044 Teflon Cell Gasket, 0.0005" thick, (3/pkg.)

MF-1046 Teflon Cell Gasket, 0.002" thick, opaque (4/pkg.)

MF-1047 Teflon Cell Gasket, 0.005" thick, opaque (4/pkg.)

MF-1048 Teflon Cell Gasket, 0.015" thick, opaque (each)

Liquid Connections

MF-1029 Stainless Steel Column to Cell Inlet Tube with 2 fingertight fittings, 0.005" ID

MF-1039 Teflon Column to Cell Inlet Tube with 2 fingertight fittings, 0.009" ID

MR-4010 Fingertight Kel-F fitting for small OD stainless steel tubing

MR-4409 Fingertight PEEK fitting for 0.063" OD PTFE tubing (2pcs, includes ferrule)

MR-5000 0.009" ID x 0.063" OD PTFE tubing (1 ft.)

MR-5003 0.0221" ID x 0.063" OD PTFE tubing (1 ft.)

Working Electrodes

The BAS flow cell contains two working disk electrodes embedded in a PEEK plastic block. The surface is polished to give a mirror surface. Other electrode materials can be fabricated by special order.

MF-1000 Dual Glassy Carbon Working Electrode

MF-1002 Dual Gold Working Electrode

MF-1006 Dual Glassy Carbon/Gold Working Electrode

MF-1008 Dual Silver Working Electrode

MF-1009 Dual Nickel Working Electrode

MF-1012 Dual Platinum Working Electrode

MF-1004 Dual Carbon Paste Working Electrode

CF-1010 CPO Carbon Paste for MF-1004

UniJet flow Cell kit

The UniJet flow cell is designed for low flow rate, and small dead volume applications. Examples include coupling to microbore chromatographic system or on-line microdialysis. Typical flow rates are 1-100 µL/min with a dead volume of nominally 50 nL.

Cell package includes:

Working Electrode Includes two 3 mm diameter and one 6 mm diameter glassy carbon electrodes

Auxiliary Electrode Block

316 Stainless Steel, 1/pkg.

Reference Electrode

Silver/silver chloride reference electrode is built into each working electrode. AgCl layer replenished with a solution provided in UniJet kit.

Accessories Polishing Kit 16 µm gaskets, 3/pkg. Reference solution, 10 mL UniStand electrode holder Connecting tubing and fittings Single channel cell lead Manual


Ordered in LC-44 Electrochemical Detector Ordering System. May also be ordered as an option for BAS 480 or BAS 200B LC systems, or as an upgrade for existing CC-5 cabinet.

MF-2061 UniJet upgrade kit for CC-5 cabinet

MF-1055 Thin-Layer Gaskets, 16 µm, (standard size) 3/pkg.

MF-1054 Thin-Layer Gaskets, 25 µm, 3/pkg.

MF-1053 Thin-Layer Gaskets, 51 µm, 3/pkg.

MW-1057 Stainless Steel Auxiliary Electrode

MF-1017 Working Electrode, 2 mm Glassy Carbon



MF-1007 Working Electrode, 3 mm Gold

MF-1014 Working Electrode, 3 mm Platinum

CF-2200 Reference Electrode Solution, 10 mL

C3 Cell Stand

The BAS C-3 Cell Stand is a general-purpose accessory for electroanalytical experiments. It firmly holds all the components of the electrochemical cell (vial, electrodes, top) and provides a convenient means of stirring and purging the analyte solution. All functions can be controlled manually or remotely by CV-50W, 100B/W, and epsilon electrochemical instruments. The package includes a glassy carbon or platinum working electrode and all accessories needed to conduct basic electrochemistry experiments.

The cell can be enclosed in the included Faraday Cage to minimize electrical interference. A built-in gas control allows purging or blanketing of the sample prior to or during analysis. The magnetic stirrer allows controlled agitation of the sample for experiments requiring convective mass transport of analyte to the electrode surface (e.g., anodic stripping voltammetry). The cell arm with detachable cell top allows easy access to the electrodes for rinsing, cleaning, or replacement. The stir motor/cell vial base pivots for easy removal and replacement of the cell vial. The standard, three-electrode cell lead is easily interchanged with either the Low Current or AC Impedance Modules.

Features

• Complete electrochemical accessories package includes stir magnet, lead clips, glassy carbon working electrode, platinum working electrode, three Ag/AgCl reference electrodes, polishing kit, gas line tubing, reference electrode storage vial, platinum wire auxiliary electrode, 12 standard cell vials, 2 low-volume cell vials, and cell top plug

• "Quick-connect" input gas line connector • Manual or remote control of gas purge/blanket • Manual or remote on-off control of magnetic stirrer • Low-volume glass cell vials (typical volume 3 mL) • Mounted cell top compatible with all BAS solid voltammetric working electrodes and reference

electrodes • Cell lead connects directly to all BAS potentiostats • Open architecture for easy access to cell • Faraday Cage included to reduce environmental noise (for low current measurements)

Specifications

• Power: 100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, V-A 10 Watts • Fuses: 2-2A Slow Blow at 100-240 VAC • Size: 18 cm W x 23 cm D x 29 cm H • Weight: 10.5 lbs (5 kg) • Inlet Gas Pressure: 5 psi maximum


EF-1085 C-3 Cell Stand Package

MW-2980 Cell Stand Accessories (package less Cell Stand)

MR-3818 Teflon Cell Top

MR-1208 Cell Vials, 12/pkg.

MF-2079 RE-5B Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode, 3/pkg.

MF-1084 Low Volume Cell Vials, 6/pkg.

MF-1212 Water Jacketed Cell Vial

MF-2062 Non-Aqueous Ag/Ag+ Reference Electrode

MF-2055 Calomel Reference Electrode

MF-2011 Silver Voltammetry Electrode, 3 mm diam., 1 ea.

MF-2012 Glassy Carbon Voltammetry Electrode, 3 mm dia., 1 ea.

MF-2070 Glassy Carbon Voltammetry Electrode, 3/pkg.

MF-2013 Platinum Voltammetry Electrode, 1.6 mm dia., 1 ea.

MF-2071 Platinum Voltammetry Electrode, 3/pkg.

MF-2014 Gold Voltammetry Electrode, 1.6 mm dia., 1 ea.

MF-2072 Gold Voltammetry Electrode, 3/pkg.

MF-2073 Glassy Carbon, Plat. and Gold Electrodes, 1 ea.

MF-2016 Nickel Voltammetry Electrode, 3 mm dia., 1 ea.

MF-2018 Palladium Voltammetry Electrode, 1 ea.

MF-2010 Carbon Paste Voltammetry Electrode, 3 mm (w/o paste)

CF-1010 CPO Carbon Paste, 1 g

MW-1032 Platinum Auxiliary Electrode,1 ea.

ER-9132 Stir bar, 1 ea.

MW-1034 CTFE Cell Top Plug

Low Current Module

Microelectrodes (working electrodes with micrometer diameters) are commonly employed for studies in small volumes, in resistive solutions, and at high speeds. Due to their small size, low nA or even pA currents are typically generated in these studies. Most general-purpose commercial electrochemical instruments (including the BAS 100B/W, CV-50W, and CV-27) are designed to measure currents that would normally be generated at conventional electrodes with millimeter diameters (100 nA-100mA). The Low Current Module (LCM) includes an amplifier which may be used to adapt existing instrumentation for microelectrode and other applications that generate currents less than 1 µA.

Great care was taken during the development of the Low Current Module to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for low current measurements. This was accomplished by separating the electronics into two boxes. One box contains the potentiostat and the current-to-voltage (I-E) transducer, while the other (the PA-1) contains a second gain stage, filters, power supply, and control circuitry. The critical part of the electronics is the first box, which mounts inside of the C2 or C3 Cell Stands. These Cell Stands have grounded aluminum cell covers, which act as Faraday cages to shield the cell from line frequency and other external electrical interference. This shielding is necessary when measuring sub-µA currents. Since the electronics are adjacent to the cell, the cell lead length can be reduced. A short cell lead minimizes stray capacitance while increasing frequency response. The signal from the I-E transducer is then transferred to the PA-1, where it is filtered through a second-order, low-pass, Bessel filter and further amplified if necessary.

When the LCM is set for remote operation, it can be automatically controlled by the BAS 100B/W. The 100B/W connects and disconnects the cell from the electronics and sets the gain and filters to values appropriate for the time scale of the experiment. When used with the CV-50W and the CV-27 in manual mode, all functions are controlled by the front panel knobs and switches. The LCM can also be connected to any wave form generator and data acquisition device, such as a recorder or digital oscilloscope (however, it is important to note that the polarity of the applied potential must be inverted).

Features

• High current amplification. • Low noise. Special shielding and filter minimize electrical interference. • Remote control by BAS 100B/W. • Excellent frequency response. 0.5 Hz to 25 KHz. • Complete package:

• C-3 Cell Stand, Faraday Cage and Electrodes • PA-1 Preamplifier (preamp and second stage amp/filter) • µPTE 10 µm Platinum microelectrode • Cables • Installation and Operations Manual

Specifications

Potentiostat Compliance Voltage: ±12V Maximum Current Available: 12 µA

Current-to-Voltage Converter

Range: 10 pA/V to 1000 nA/V, sequence in decades Maximum Measurable Current: 12 µA Frequency Response: Up to 25,000 Hz

Manual Controls REMOTE/LOCAL Control Gain: 1, 10, 100, 1000 nA/V Gain Multiplier: x 1, x 0.1, x 0.01 Filter: 2nd-Order Low-Pass Bessel type with cutoff frequencies of 0.5, 5, 50, 250, 2,500 and 25,000 Hz Cell Mode: ON/OFF/TEST


MF-2500 Complete Low Current Module (including C-3 Cell Stand)

EF-1060 Electronics Pkg. Only (for C-3 Cell Stand)

EF-1069 Electronics Pkg. Only (for C-2 Cell Stand)

MS-1081 Kel-F Cell Top Bushing for Microelectrode

MF-2005 10 µm dia. Platinum Microelectrode

MF-2006 10 µm dia. Gold Microelectrode

MF-2007 11 µm (± 2 µm ) dia. Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

MF-2150 100 µm dia. Platinum Microelectrode

Custom fabrication is available, e.g., 33 µm carbon, 25 µm silver, 25 µm gold, etc.

CGME(Controlled Growth Mercury Electrode)

Mercury working electrodes have found widespread use due to the high overpotential for hydrogen ion reduction and the reproducibility of the metal surface.

The original mercury electrode was the Dropping Mercury Electrode (DME), in which the growth of the drop on the tip of a capillary and the drop lifetime were controlled by gravity. The next development was the Static Mercury Drop Electrode (SMDE), in which a valve was used to dispense a drop of mercury on the capillary tip. This drop was then dislodged by a drop knocker. The Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) is a stationary electrode derived from the SMDE, and is used extensively for quantitative trace analysis.

The latest innovation in mercury electrode technology is the Controlled Growth Mercury Drop Electrode (CGME), which was developed by BAS, in cooperation with Prof. Janet Osteryoung at North Carolina State University and Prof. Zygmunt Kowalski at the Institute of Materials Science in Krakow, Poland (US Patent No. 4,846,955). In the CGME, the drop growth is controlled by a fast response valve. The opening of this valve is controlled by a computer-generated pulse sequence, which leads to a stepped increase in the drop size. The drop size can therefore be varied by changing the number of pulses and/or the pulse width, so a wide range of drop sizes is available.

The rate of growth of the mercury drop can be controlled by varying the time between the pulses. Therefore, a slowly growing mercury drop suitable for stripping experiments can be generated. There are two important advantages of the CGME vs. the conventional HMDE for such experiments. First, there is no contamination of the capillary due to back diffusion. Second, the slow growth of the mercury drop during the deposition step leads to a homogeneous distribution of the analyte within the drop.

The BAS 100B/W, the CV-50W, and the EC epsilon control the electrode while it is in the CGME or SMDE modes. Earlier models (BAS 100, 100A, and 100B) control in the SMDE mode only, and only manual operation of dispense and dislodge is available with the CV-27. When the DME mode is selected, the valve is held open continuously for classical polarography experiment. A 100 µm bore capillary is recommended for the DME mode.

A metal Faraday cage is available for the CGME as an option. The cage is placed over the cell and capillary assembly and is easily removed.

Mercury is not included with CGME due to international laws that prohibit the shipping of this metal by air. Please purchase 3X- or 4X-distilled mercury from a company that is licensed to ship mercury.

Features

• Wide range of drop sizes • Programmable drop growth with the BAS 100B/W and CV-50W • DME, SMDE, and CGME modes • HMDE available in SMDE and CGME modes • Good electrical contact minimizes electrode resistance • Fast response time • Rapid drop stabilization • Small volume glass cell vials • Water-jacketed cell vial

• Cell top compatible with BAS voltammetry electrodes • Standard addition port • Quick-connect input gas line connector • Easy maintenance • Minimal metal contact reduces metal contamination • Self-contained power supply • Mounted magnetic stirrer with 50-800 rpm • Manual and remote control of mercury dispense, drop knock, stirrer on/off, inert gas purge/blanket • Minimal chance of mercury spills • Standard package:

o Cell stand with magnetic stirrer and gas purge utilities o 150 µm ID glass capillary o Platinum auxiliary electrode o Ag/AgCl reference electrodes (3) o Standard glass cell vials (12) o Stir bar o Startup kit (vacuum degas kit, mercury loading syringe, blunt needle, tubing) o Mercury pickup tool (plastic rod with silver tip) and plastic spill tray o Manual

Specifications

Cell Modes CGME, SMDE, and DME

Operations Manual and remote control of mercury dispense; drop knocker; stir on/off; gas purge/blanket

Magnetic Stirrer 16 selectable rates from 50-800 rpm

Mercury Reservoir Sealed reservoir minimizes opportunity for mercury spills. Minimal use of metal parts within reservoir or capillary to avoid metal contamination.

Mercury Degassing Mercury degassing kit is included with purchase and includes a hand-actuated vacuum pump and accessories

Spill Management Spill tray and mercury pickup tool are included in the standard package

Standard Capillary 150 µm (0.006 ") ID. Large diameter reduces plugging and loss of electrode contact. Beveled tip design

Gas Purging 5 psi max. Needle valve controlled.

Cell Top Separate port in cell top for dispensing sample or reagents. Accommodates BAS voltammetry electrodes for use as a cell stand for voltammetry experiments.

Options 100 µm ID capillary Faraday cage Small volume and water-jacketed cell vials

Physical 42 x 18 x 23 cm (H x W x D), 6 kg


MF-1400 Controlled Growth Mercury Electrode

MR-1208 Glass Cell Vials, 12/pkg.

MF-1084 Low Volume Cell Vial, 6/pkg.

ER-9132 Magnetic Stir Bar, 1 ea.

MW-4601 Mercury Trap, 1 ea.

MF-2090 Beveled Capillary Assembly, 150 탆 ID, 1 ea.

MF-2092 Beveled Capillary Assembly, 100 탆 ID, 1 ea.

MF-2069 Mercury Collector Rod, 1 ea.

MF-7150 Vacuum Prime Pump, 1 ea.

MR-1212 Water-Jacketed CGME Cell Vial, 1 ea.

MF-2093 CGME Septum, 1 ea.

MF-1028 CGME Valve Seal, 1 ea.

MF-2052 RE-5B Reference Electrode, 1 ea.

MF-2079 RE-5B Reference Electrode, 3/pkg.

MW-1032 Auxiliary Electrode, 1 ea.

MR-2052 2" Blunt Tip Needle, 1 ea.

MW-1034 Cell Top Plug, Kel-F, 1 ea.

MR-1241 O-ring for working electrode contact

EF-1425 Faraday Cage

MR-3850 Spill Tray, 19" x 12" x 1.25"

MR-3818 Teflon Cell Top

RDE-2 Rotating Disk Electrode

The BAS RDE-2 is a rotator system for use in constant-RPM and hydrodynamic modulation rotating disk electrochemistry. Stationary electrode experiments are also possible with the electrode material of choice. The short titanium shaft and 1/4" diameter electrode provide for an extremely low-inertia system capable of highly accurate rotation and modulation, even at radical modulation rates or waveforms. It firmly holds all components of the electrochemical cell (vial, electrodes, and top) while providing electrode rotation speed in the range of 50 - 10,000 RPM. The rotator assembly is easily inverted for polymer spin coating directly on the unit. The spin-coat adapter provided prevents splashing of coating material. All functions can be controlled by BAS potentiostats. The package includes everything necessary to conduct an experiment with a glassy carbon working electrode.

The RDE-2 interfaces directly with BAS 100 series and BAS 50W electrochemical analyzers. The rotator is manually raised and lowered onto the cell vial. Electronic control of the rotator is via a proportional-integral closed loop circuit driving an ironless core DC servomotor. Built-in gas control allows purging or blanketing of the sample prior to or during experiments. The cell arm with detachable cell top allows easy access to the electrodes for rinsing, cleaning, or replacements. The cell vial base pivots for easy removal and replacement of the cell vial. Electrodes are easily interchanged. The RDE-2 can be controlled manually or by a BAS Electrochemical Analyzer or other voltage source.

Features

• Complete electrochemical accessories package: glassy carbon working electrode, three Ag/AgCl reference electrodes, reference electrode storage vial, platinum wire auxiliary electrode, polishing kit, vinyl gas line tubing, 12 standard cell vials and cell top

• Remote or manual control of electrode rotation • Small sample volume (10 - 15 mL) • Water-jacketed cell vials are available for purchase for controlled

temperature experiments • “Quick-connect” input gas line connector • Remote or manual control of purge/blanket lines • Mounted cell top compatible with BAS reference and auxiliary electrodes • Cell leads connects directly to all BAS potentiostats • Standard addition port • Open architecture for easy access to cell

Specifications

Power: 100 - 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz <100 VA

Rotation Range: 50 - 10,000 RPM

Accuracy: <2% @ <1000 RPM <1% @ >1000 RPM

Main fuse: 4.0 A Slow-Blow 250 V

Motor: 12V, ironless core, low inertia DC servo

Size: 7.25" W x 9.25" D x 16.75" H

Weight: 12 lbs

Inlet Gas Pressure: 5 psi

Screw Terminal: (back panel)

Speed In - 1000 RPM/1V Speed Out - 1V/1000 RPM Rotate - TTL or RELAY closure

Rotate - TTL or RELAY closure Purge - TTL or RELAY closure


EF-1100 RDE-2 Rotating Disk Electrode, complete

MF-2052 RE-5B Reference Electrode, 1 ea.

MF-2079 RE-5B Reference Electrode, 3/pkg.

MR-1208 RDE Cell Vials (12/pkg)

MR-1212 Water-Jacketed RDE Cell, 1 ea.

MF-2066 Glassy Carbon RDE Replacement (3 mm dia.)

MF-2067 Platinum RDE Replacement (3 mm dia.)

MF-2068 Gold RDE Replacement (3 mm dia.)

MF-2065 Blank RDE for Custom Electrodes (3 mm hole)

MW-1033 Coiled Platinum Auxiliary Electrode, 23 cm

MF-2060 PK-4 Polishing kit

stationary voltammetry electrode

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