STOA Workshop Graphene in Europe

STOA Workshop

GRAPHENE IN EUROPEFrom Nobel Prize to technology, innovation

and industrial competitiveness

Participants' booklet

2 June 2015, 15:30-18:00, Room PHS 7C050European Parliament

Brussels

Prepared by STOA Secretariat and available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/cms/home/events/workshops/graphene

Contents

1 Programme ......................................................................................................................1

2 Graphene: an introduction ...........................................................................................2

3 Welcome...........................................................................................................................3

3.1 Paul RÜBIG, MEP and STOA Chair.........................................................................3

3.2 Zoran STANČIČ, DG Connect, European Commission .......................................4

4 Introductory statement..................................................................................................5

Jerzy BUZEK, MEP and ITRE Chair.........................................................................5

5 The Graphene flagship from academic excellence to societal impacts ...............6

Jari KINARET, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden .............................6

6 Keynote Speech – Materials in the flatland: beyond graphene............................7

Sir Konstantin NOVOSELOV, University of Manchester, UK.............................7

7 Moderator ........................................................................................................................8

Jacki DAVIS, Meade Davis Communications .........................................................8

8 Panellists..........................................................................................................................9

8.1 Andrea FERRARI, University of Cambridge, UK..................................................9

8.2 Silvia LAZCANO, Airbus, Spain............................................................................10

8.3 Annick LOISEAU, CNRS, France ...........................................................................11

8.4 Maurizio PRATO, University of Trieste, Italy ......................................................12

8.5 Wolfgang TEMPL, Alcatel-Lucent, Germany.......................................................13

8.6 Ulla VOGEL, Danish Nanosafety Centre, Denmark............................................14

8.7 Amaia ZURUTUZA, Graphenea, Spain ................................................................15

9 Closing remarks ...........................................................................................................16

Eva Kaili, MEP and First STOA Vice-Chair ..........................................................16

10 The graphene flagship exhibition ............................................................................17

11 STOA administration..................................................................................................19

1

1 Programme

Chair: Paul Rübig, MEP and STOA ChairModerator: Jacki Davis, Meade Davis Communications

15:30 WelcomePaul Rübig, MEP and STOA ChairZoran Stančič, Deputy Director General, DG Connect, European Commission

15:40 Introductory statementJerzy Buzek, MEP and ITRE Chair

15:45 Setting the stage - The Graphene flagship from academic excellence to societalimpactsJari Kinaret, Graphene Flagship Coordinator

16:00 Keynote speech - Materials in the flatland: beyond GrapheneKonstantin Novoselov, University of Manchester, UK

16:20 Panel session - Graphene's innovation potential and impact on European economyand societyAndrea Ferrari, University of Cambridge, UKSilvia Lazcano, Airbus, SpainAnnick Loiseau, CNRS, FranceMaurizio Prato, University of Trieste, ItalyZoran Stančič, European CommissionWolfgang Templ, Alcatel-Lucent, GermanyUlla Vogel, Danish Nanosafety Centre, Copenhagen, DenmarkAmaia Zurutuza, Graphenea, Spain

17:30 Q&A sessionQuestions from the audience and social media

17:50 ConclusionsKonstantin Novoselov, University of Manchester, UK

17:55 Closing remarksEva Kaili, MEP and first STOA Vice-Chair

18:00 - 18:30 Drinks reception at the exhibition spaceAn exhibition on graphene is organised at the European Parliament on the day of theworkshop, as well as a reception after the meeting, on the first floor of the G area.

2

2 Graphene: an introduction

Advanced materials are at the core of Europe's industrial innovation and competitivenessacross a range of applications and sectors: aeronautics, automotive and health industries,microelectronics, photonics, etc. The estimated value and impact of advanced materials ishighly significant, with an expected market size of the order of EUR 100 billion in 2015.Advanced materials constitute one of Europe's Key Enabling Technologies (KET) andresearch in this area is supported in Horizon 2020, the Union's Research FrameworkProgramme (2014-2020).

Graphene is the first of a new class of advanced materials in the form of carbon sheets oneatom thick. Yet it was only 10 years ago that ground-breaking experiments done in Europeunveiled its true potential and resulted in the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. We now knowthat graphene has a whole range of outstanding physical, mechanical, electrical and opticalproperties. The long-term forecast worldwide for the potential market of new productsincorporating graphene is hundreds of billions of euros. Examples of such markets include:improved energy storage in batteries for electric vehicles; new composites for aerospace,automobile and energy industries; sensors and new imaging devices for industrial,environmental and medical applications and for (opto) electronics and photonics industries.

The EU Graphene Flagship research initiative

Thanks to the Graphene Flagship, Europe is in the driving seat for exploiting graphene'soutstanding properties and turning them into economic growth and jobs. The GrapheneFlagship is a 10-year, 1-billion Euros research initiative launched by the Commission inOctober 2013, involving hundreds of excellent researchers from academia and industry whoare working together to implement a common research roadmap and transfer outstandingscience from the laboratory to the factory.

The STOA workshop

The STOA workshop offers the opportunity to discuss the potential Europe has in graphene-related science and technology developments, as well as in the industrial development andeconomic exploitation of new graphene-based products.The workshop features presentations from high-level scientists, including Sir KonstantinNovoselov, 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Laureates, who explains how and whygraphene promises to be so revolutionary material. It also includes industry speakers from arange of sectors who present the innovation potential of graphene in their market sectorsand their plans to exploit it in new or improved products and processes.

3

3 Welcome

3.1 Paul RÜBIG, MEP and STOA Chair

Paul Rübig was elected as the STOA Chair for

the first half of the European Parliament's 8th

legislature having previously served as Chair

from 2009 to 2012 and as First Vice-Chair

from 2012 to 2014. Born in Upper Austria,

Paul Rübig has been a member of the

European Parliament since 1996 and belongs

to the European People's Party (EPP). He is the owner of an Austrian blacksmith company

and has a degree in Business Administration, Marketing and Production Engineering from

the University of Linz, Upper Austria. He is married and has two children.

Paul Rübig is a full member of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and of the

Committee on Budgets. He is Vice-Chair of the Delegation for relations with the Korean

Peninsula and substitute member of the Delegation for relations with Switzerland, Norway

and of the EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee.

He is also a substitute member of the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary

Committee. Furthermore, Paul Rübig is a substitute member in the Committee on

Development. Paul Rübig is very active in the field of the small-scale business promotion.

He is president of SME Global, a working group of the International Democrat Union (IDU),

whose objective it is to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and to improve

their business environment.

4

3.2 Zoran STANČIČ, DG Connect, European Commission

Trained as an engineer, he started his professionalcareer as a research assistant at the Department ofArchaeology, University of Ljubljana. In 1994 hewas employed as the Head of the SpatialInformation Centre of the Scientific ResearchCentre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences andArts and Associate Professor at the Department ofGeodesy. From 1990 to 2000 he was a researchfellow or visiting professor at the University of

Arkansas, the Delft University of Technology, the University of Reading, the BostonUniversity, the University of Trieste and the University of Paris.

Zoran Stančič has published seven scientific books and a number of scientific papers onquantitative methods in archaeology and remote sensing. Between 1999 and 2000 he wasDeputy Director of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences andArts. From the year 2000 to 2004 he was State Secretary for Science at the Ministry ofEducation, Science and Sport in Slovenia. In the period 2004 - 2009 he served as DeputyDirector-General in the European Commission, DG Research.

Key message

The first priority of the Juncker Commission is to strengthen Europe's competitiveness andto stimulate investment for the purpose of job creation. FET Flagships are large scale science-driven research initiatives that contribute to this priority. They are part of the ExcellentScience Pillar of Horizon 2020, the EU's Research and Innovation Framework programme forthe period 2014-2020. Two FET Flagships were launched end 2013, Graphene and theHuman Brain Project, with the aim of achieving transformational impact on science andtechnology in the respective fields, resulting in substantial benefits to European economyand society.

As a material, graphene has a set of properties that are unique and hold the potential tounderpin new disruptive technologies with a huge range of industrial opportunities. This ismotivating the Commission and Member States to plan a large coordinated investment ofaround 1 billion Euros over 10 years on the Graphene Flagship. After one and a half year ofoperation, the Graphene Flagship is already successfully demonstrating outstandingscientific results.

It is also putting in place a comprehensive innovation strategy building on new technologiesfor production, components and systems that have attracted the interest and involvement ofEuropean industrial players in a range of sectors. The Graphene Flagship is on a good trackto deliver on the promises of the wonder material.

5

4 Introductory statement

Jerzy BUZEK, MEP and ITRE Chair

Jerzy Buzek is a Polish politician, former PrimeMinister of Poland and former President of theEuropean Parliament. MEP since 2004, he is currentlychairing the EP's Committee on Industry, Research andEnergy (ITRE) and the Conference of CommitteeChairs.

He was born on 3 July 1940 in Śmiłowice in southernSilesia, now in the Czech Republic. Member of theEuropean Parliament since 2004, he was elected theEuropean Parliament President on 14 July 2009 withthe biggest vote majority since the first direct electionsin 1979. During his presidential mandate which lasted until January 2012, Jerzy Buzekoversaw the transition from the Nice Treaty to the Lisbon Treaty and played a key role infinalising the ratification process of the latter. Known for his activity on the energy front,together with Jacques Delors he launched the initiative of a European Energy Community,aimed at strengthening energy legislation and cooperation within and outside the EU.

Buzek was a rapporteur for the 7th Research Framework Program, for the Strategic EnergyTechnology SET Plan as well as for the EU Internal Energy Market. In 2013-2014 he chairedthe High Level Reflection Group of the Energy Community which proposed a reformenhancing the operation of this organisation.

In the 8th legislature he was elected Chair of the EP Committee on Industry, Research andEnergy and appointed Chair of the Conference of Committee Chairs.Member of the 'Solidarność' movement from its early days; elected the Chair of the firstnational Solidarity Congress. Defending and advocating for human rights all over the worldis an intrinsic part of his parliamentary activity.

From 1997 to 2001, Jerzy Buzek served as a Prime Minister of Poland, introducing sweepingreforms in pensions, healthcare, local and regional administration, education and mining.During his term in office, Poland acceded to NATO and made key steps towards its EUmembership. In November 2012, prof. Buzek received the highest Polish state medal - theWhite Eagle Order - for his contribution to Poland's democratic transformation, for scientificachievements and for political accomplishments in Poland and in the international arena. Heis a doctor honoris causa of numerous Polish and foreign universities as well as an honorarycitizen of more than ten cities in Poland.

6

5 The Graphene flagship from academic excellence to societalimpacts

Jari KINARET, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden

Jari Kinaret is the initiator of the Graphene Flagship He led theinitial pilot project, and since October 2013 he serves as theDirector of the flagship. Jari Kinaret received his M.Sc degreesin Theoretical Physics and in Electrical Engineering at theUniversity of Oulu in Finland in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Hegraduated with a Ph.D. in Physics from the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology in 1992, whereupon he spent two yearsin Copenhagen as a post-doctoral researcher and as an assistantprofessor.

In 1995 he moved to Gothenburg where he works as professorin Physics at the Chalmers University of Technology. He was

until the end of 2014 the director of nanoscience and nanotechnology at Chalmers, but thenresigned from that position in order to be able to devote more time to the flagship. Hisresearch interests lie in theoretical studies of nanoscale carbon structures, with focus onnanoelectromechanical devices and graphene plasmonics.

Key message

Graphene and related materials has been the subject of intense investigations since theground-breaking experiments by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004. Duringthe last decade we have learned a great deal about this novel class of layered materials andcome to realize that they present substantial technological potential in a variety of fieldsranging from electronics and photonics to energy applications and new types of compositematerials.

The goal of the Graphene Flagship is to take these materials from academic laboratories tosociety where they can contribute to economic growth in Europe through new products andemployment opportunities. The change we are pursuing is disruptive rather than a series ofincremental improvements, which poses many challenges and is combined withuncertainties that are too large for any individual party to tackle. Reaching our goal requiresa long term, large scale effort that combines the expertise of academics and industries acrossEurope – in short, a Flagship.

7

6 Keynote Speech – Materials in the flatland: beyond graphene

Sir Konstantin NOVOSELOV, University of Manchester, UK2010 Nobel Prize in Physics

Professor Kostya Novoselov specialises in the area ofcondensed matter physics, mesoscopic physics andnanotechnology. He has broad research interests frommesoscopic phenomena in ferromagnets andsuperconductors to electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) electron gas and graphene. In 2010he was awarded the Nobel prize in physics forgroundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene.

Prof. Novoselov is involved in co-ordination (viaScientific Advisory Council) and implementation (work-package “Fundamentals”) of theEuropean Graphene Flagship project. He also acts as a director of the newly establishedNational Graphene Institute in Manchester, playing a central in liaising with the companiesinterested in graphene research, development of the joint research projects and theirimplementation.

Prof. Novoselov has published over 200 papers (mainly as the leading or the correspondingauthor) with 18 papers in Nature and Science, more than 27 Nature Physics, NatureMaterials, Nature Nanotechnology and Nature Communications papers and more than adozen Physical Review Letters. Two of his papers in Science 2004 and Nature 2005 are themost cited papers on graphene and “have opened up a fast moving front” (according to ISI’sEssential Science IndicatorsSM). The Science paper has also been acknowledged as “one of themost cited recent papers in the field of Physics” (according to the ISI citation index, cited morethan 16,000 times).

In 2014 Kostya Novoselov was included in the list of the most highly cited researchers. Hewas also named among the 17 hottest researchers world-wide - "individuals who havepublished the greatest number of hot papers during 2012-2013".

8

7 Moderator

Jacki DAVIS, Meade Davis Communications

Jacki Davis is a leading commentator and analyst on European Union affairs. She is an

experienced journalist, speaker and moderator of high-level events both in Brussels and in

EU national capitals, the editor of many publications, a regular broadcaster on television and

radio news programmes, and a Senior Adviser to the European Policy Centre think tank.

Jacki has been based in Brussels for 23 years, and was previously Communications Director

of the European Policy Centre; editor-in-chief of E!Sharp, a magazine on the EU launched in

2001; and launch editor of European Voice, a Brussels-based weekly newspaper on EU

affairs owned by The Economist Group, from 1995-2000.

9

8 Panellists

8.1 Andrea FERRARI, University of Cambridge, UK

Andrea C. Ferrari earned a PhD in electrical engineering fromCambridge University, after a Laurea in nuclear engineeringfrom Politecnico di Milano, Italy.

He is Professor of Nanotechnology and head of theNanomaterials and Spectroscopy group at the Department ofEngineering and Nanoscience Centre of CambridgeUniversity.

He is the founding Director of the Cambridge GrapheneCentre and of the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training inGraphene Technology. He is the Chair of the Executive Boardof the European Graphene Flagship and Leader of the Work-package on Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications.

He is Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, Fellow of the American Physical Society,Fellow of the Institute of Physics, and Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award Holder.His research interests include nanomaterials growth, modelling, characterization, anddevices.

Key messageDisruptive technologies are usually characterised by universal, versatile applications, whichchange many aspects of our life simultaneously, penetrating every corner of our existence. Inorder to become disruptive, a new technology needs to offer not incremental, but dramatic,orders of magnitude improvements. Moreover, the more universal the technology, the betterchances it has for broad base success.

Does graphene have a chance to become the next disruptive technology? Can graphene bethe material of the 21th century? Are the properties of graphene so unique to overshadowthe unavoidable inconveniences of switching to a new technology, a process usuallyaccompanied by large R&D and capital investments?

In spite of the inherent novelty associated with graphene and related two dimensionalmaterials, a roadmap can be envisaged, including short-term milestones, and some medium-to long-term targets, intrinsically less detailed, but potentially even more disruptive. Thisshould guide the transition towards a technological platform underpinned by graphene andrelated materials, with opportunities in many fields and benefits to society.

10

8.2 Silvia LAZCANO, Airbus, Spain

Silvia Lazcano is Head of Research and Technology BusinessDevelopment & Partnerships at Airbus Operations S.L. inSpain. After her studies in Chemistry in the MadridComplutense University, Silvia Lazcano did a Master inPolymers in the Consejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientificas (CSIC). In 1982 she obtained a grant from theScience Ministry to carry out her PhD in Physiochemicalproperties of polysulphides in the CSIC where she also didher post-doc working in the field of solid state of polymersand blends.

In 1989 she joined the Spanish aircraft manufacturer CASA where she performed differentroles and responsibilities. One of these responsibilities was leading European projects intheir early stages, and specifically she acted as materials and processes specialist in thedevelopment of structures for different products and customers such as CASA, Airbus,SAAB, Boeing, etc. In 2001 she joined Airbus as responsible for adhesives and bonding aswell as materials and processes integrator. She was deeply involved in the development ofdifferent structures of the A380, the new A400M and A350XWB. In 2008 she became thematerials and processes responsible for A380 and in mid-2010 she joined the Research andTechnology Program as responsible in Spain. She teaches in different Masters andUniversity Summer Courses and active member in several committees and organizations.She is also President of the Spanish Technological Platform of Materials and member of theGraphene Flagship Strategic Advisory Council.

Key message

Nowadays there is a serious need of carrying out a continued effort to ensure Europe is theglobal leader in science & technology and, specially, innovation.The deployment of instruments such as the flagships is essential to assure continuity of theinvestment in strategic research areas.

An important aspect of the flagship is the emphasis of this H2020 initiative on focusing anddriving the research with the aim of getting as much benefits for the society as possible byincorporating all the pieces of the supply chain on board on time. This is the main flagshipcharacteristic and the dialogue between basic scientists, applied technologists, materialsmanufacturers, product manufacturers and end-user will be the main factor for success.

The Graphene flagship has the vision of creating a new materials era, similar to the plasticsera, with impacts in a very wide range of fields from microelectronics and medicine topower generation/harvesting and materials with multiple functionalities and, specially,connecting science and society from the very beginning.

11

8.3 Annick LOISEAU, CNRS, France

Annick Loiseau, director of research, is leader of the LowDimension Materials group at the Laboratoire d’Etude desMicrostructures (LEM), a joint Research Unit CNRS – ONERA,ONERA being the French Aerospace Lab. She has a largeexpertise in Condensed Matter Physics, Nanoscience and TEMtechniques. Since 1998 she has implemented, at CNRS-Onera,interdisciplinary research programs on nanoscience, firstfocused on nanotubes and extended now to graphene andother 2D materials. She is also Head at CNRS of the Nationaland International Research networks (GDR and GDR-I)‘Graphene and Nanotubes: Science and Applications’(acronym is GNT) acting as a delocalized Graphene Centre.

This Centre coordinates synergies between research units to initiate, sustain and cross-linkthe research on graphene, and other 2D materials on prioritized topics. Today, the GDRGNT gathers more than 50 research teams from CNRS research units. She is the nationalcontact for France in the Flagship and member of the Flagship Executive Board. Her researchwithin the Graphene Flagship is focused on the synthesis of layered structures, thedemonstration of their spectroscopic properties by luminescence and EELS, and theunderstanding the exciton physics in BN layers.

Key message

Graphene is the first representative of a new class of materials, the 2D materials. Someknown examples are hexagonal boron nitride, dichalcogenides, black phosphorous. Over thelast decade, a continuous effort has been made to isolate and study basics of new 2Dstructures. Black Phosphorus is one of the last-born in this family and is only one year old.Each of these 2D structures displays various electronic, optic, chemical, mechanicalproperties, different from their bulk parent material, as a consequence of the 2Dconfinement. For instance properties of charge carriers can be dramatically changed, whichgovern several properties such as electric transport. Furthermore, these materials can beused as building blocks and stacked in order to elaborate layered structures. Althoughlayers weakly interact each other, coupling effects can occur which modifies their properties.

This offers an additional way to modulate these properties. Possibilities for combination areendless and create the conditions for a real technological breakthrough. They open the routeto new kinds of multifunctional materials and devices, where properties can be designedand modulated at an atomistic scale. Our research and knowledge in this field are howeverstill in their infancy. The Graphene Flagship brings together a critical mass of scientists foraddressing basics, applications and products in an integrated way and also creates aleveraging effect for the research in this field in European member states.

12

8.4 Maurizio PRATO, University of Trieste, Italy

Maurizio Prato is the leader of Graphene Flagship WorkingPackage 2 (Health and Environment). He graduated inChemistry in Padova, Italy, where he was appointed AssistantProfessor in 1983. He moved to Trieste in 1992, where hebecame Full Professor in 2000. He spent sabbatical terms atYale University and at the University of California, SantaBarbara. He was Visiting Professor at the Ecole NormaleSupérieure Paris (2001), University of Namur, Belgium (2010)and University of Strasbourg (2014).

His scientific contributions have been recognized by Nationaland International awards including: the National Prize for

Research (2002, Italian Chemical Society), the Ciamician Gonzalez Prize, the Spanish RoyalSociety of Chemistry (2008), the Mangini Gold Medal, Italian Chemical Society (2009), theRee-Natta Lectureship, the Korean Chemical Society (2010), the Blaise Pascal Medal,European Academy of Sciences (2013), the Natta Gold Medal the Italian Chemical Society(2014). He became a Member of the National Academy of Sciences (Accademia Nazionaledei Lincei) in 2010 and of the European Academy of Sciences in 2013.

Key message

An increasing number of nanomaterials is becoming progressively available, includinggraphene. Caution should be taken with any new materials during synthesis and before use.However, nanomaterials, and graphene in particular, may open new avenues in manyvaluable applications.

Therefore, nanosafety is critically required to translate any future development of newnanotechnologies into action, from industrial applications to health care approaches. GRMs(graphene related materials) are not devoid of possible risks on human health or on theenvironment, and cannot be excluded from these two domains of investigation. In the longrun, these materials may have potentially adverse environmental effects or pose health atrisk, and little is still known about their emissions, the fate in the environment and the toxiceffects in humans.

Humans can be exposed to graphene and related materials by different routes, such asinhalation, skin contact, ingestion or even direct injection through biomedical therapies.Determining and resolving safety and toxicity issues will not only be beneficial to theirintegration into devices, but also guide possible biomedical applications, such as directinterfacing nano-devices with cells and tissues.

13

8.5 Wolfgang TEMPL, Alcatel-Lucent, Germany

Wolfgang Templ graduated in Physics from University of Stuttgartin 1987. He received his PhD from University of Stuttgart workingat Max Planck Institute for Metal Physics / Stuttgart in 1990 on thefield of muon spin rotation based investigations of magnetic orderphenomena in metals. After two years postdoc at MPI working onnuclear methods in solid state physics at Paul Scherrer Institute(Switzerland) and Rutherford Appleton Labs (UK) he joinedAlcatel-SEL in 1992 where he worked for four years in the field ofsemiconductor component qualification and tests.

From 1999 to 2005 Wolfgang Templ lead the microelectronictechnology group of Alcatel Research Centre which became Bell Labs Germany after mergerbetween Alcatel and Lucent. Until 2013 he was working there in the optical networkingdepartment, mainly concentrating on identification, assessment and introduction of newdevice technologies for optical and wireless communication systems. Since 2013 WolfgangTempl is leading a Bell Labs department directed to research on new wireless transceiverdevice technologies.

Key message

The progress of telecommunication during the past four decades mainly driven by theexponential increase of microelectronic integration density, which is concisely described byMoore’s Law, finally allows that nearly every individual on the globe can connect to anyother at any time no matter where and when. This trend is still ongoing: Global data traffic isstill growing exponentially at increased pace – but our “traditional recipes” which we usedto satisfy the increasing demands for telecommunication through the past decades areapproaching their physical limits.

The semiconductor based transistor device has reached the size of merely a few nanometersand further shrinking becomes increasingly difficult and expensive, the gain in physicalperformance narrows and can’t satisfy the requirements from future communication systemsregarding costs, integration density and energy consumption. Consequently scientists arelooking worldwide for alternatives based on new materials and components.

In this situation Graphene based devices offer a promising way out. With its superiorphysical properties Graphene could not only help to continue above outlinedmicroelectronics success story. It moreover has unprecedented properties allowing forcompletely new features and functionalities which may fuel the growth of ourcommunication network at affordable costs far into the future.

14

8.6 Ulla VOGEL, Danish Nanosafety Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark

Ulla Vogel is professor in nanosafety at the National ResearchCentre for the Working Environment (NRCWE) in Denmark.NRCWE is a national research institute under the DanishMinistry of Employment. She is also adjunct professor atDepartment of nano- and micro technology at the TechnicalUniversity of Denmark. She is leader of the Danish Centre forNanosafety and group leader for Nanotoxicology andOccupational Hygiene at NRCWE. She is trained as abiochemist (1991) and holds a PhD in molecular biology (1995).Ulla Vogel has worked with particle toxicology for 15 yearswith focus on inhalation exposure to nanomaterials and cancer,cardiovascular disease and reproductive toxicology. She isresponsible for the toxicity studies of graphene in the EU

project ‘Gladiator’.

The nanotoxicology and occupational hygiene group has expertise in physic-chemicalcharacterisation of nanomaterials, work place measurements of nanomaterials, hazardtesting in relation to risk of pulmonary toxicity, cancer, cardiovascular risk, prenatal toxicity.Focus is on in vivo studies of pulmonary exposure in rodent models of high volumeindustrial nanomaterials and of very toxic nanomaterials including detailed physic-chemicalcharacterisation of the studied nanomaterials. Ulla Vogel has published more than 250papers in international scientific journals with peer-review and has been cited more than5500 times in Web of Science.

Key Message

Safe handling of nanomaterials in the work place and the general environment is key tosustainable development in nanotechnology. For most nanomaterials, the main humanhealth hazard concern is inhalation exposure. Nanomaterials are generally more hazardousto inhale than larger particles of the same chemical composition. This is especially true forinsoluble materials like grapheme. Graphene, reduced grapheme oxide and reducedgrapheme oxide are all inhalable if the aerodynamic size of the plates is in the inhalable sizerange.

Toxicological studies are scarce but the available evidence suggests that pulmonaryexposure to graphene induces more inflammation than carbon black nanoparticles. Thephysico-chemical properties of graphene cause further concern of possible hazardousproperties, since other carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and carbonblack are classified as possibly human carcinogens. It is important to identify relevant all thehazards of graphene nanomaterials to ensure safe handling and use of graphene.

15

8.7 Amaia ZURUTUZA, Graphenea, Spain

Amaia Zurutuza received her Ph.D. degree in polymerchemistry from the University of Strathclyde (Glasgow, UK)in 2002. From 2001 to 2003, she was a Postdoctoral ResearchFellow working in two European projects related tomolecularly imprinted polymers. In 2004, she joined FerringPharmaceuticals (previously Controlled Therapeutics)where she worked in the research of new controlled drugdelivery systems as a Senior Polymer Scientist. Hercontribution led to the granting of three patents in novelbiodegradable and biostable polymers for the controlledrelease of active compounds.

In 2010, she became the Scientific Director of Graphenea. At Graphenea, she leads theresearch and development activities on graphene-based materials. Since joining Graphenea,she has so far filed for four patents and published in Nature and Science. In addition, she isworking in close collaboration with different companies, universities and research centers toinvestigate a wide range of graphene applications, such as: composites, energy storage, solarcells, optoelectronics, sensors, lighting, etc. Her research interests include the synthesis,characterization, and future industrial applications of graphene.

Key Message

Graphene has a variety of intrinsic characteristics that make it an ideal candidate to beapplied in many different fields starting from electronics, optoelectronics, energy (solar,batteries, supercapacitors), touch screen and display technology, lighting, sensors,biotechnology and up to composites. Therefore, graphene could have a huge innovationpotential in many industries and markets.

However, graphene is currently at a research stage and for an advanced material to have asuccessful market uptake there are many influencing factors that have to be fulfilled. Notonly technological progress (production scale-up) but also customer awareness, overcomingresistance from incumbent materials, public sector support and selecting the right nicheapplications are also very important factors. The public sector support within Europe comesin the form of the Graphene

Flagship and it will make a gigantic difference in exploiting graphene’s full potential.Furthermore, it will position Europe in the forefront of new materials’ applications.In addition, the full value chain is included within the Graphene Flagship starting fromequipment manufacturers to materials producers and up to end users.

16

9 Closing remarks

Eva Kaili, MEP and First STOA Vice-Chair

Eva Kaili is Member of the European Parliament(2014-2019), head of the Greek S&D Delegation(PASOK/Elia) in the European Parliament, ITRErepresentative on the STOA Panel and 1st STOAVice-Chair.

Eva Kaili was elected four times (2004-2012) with thePanhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). For thepast ten years, she has worked as a newscaster forMEGA Channel, an advisor on InternationalRelations of Group DemCo, Alpha Tv and a

communication advisor of the PanHellenic Pharmaceutical Union.

She has also been an advisor on International Relations and Greek products exports andheld the position of Director of the Centre of Equality and Equal Opportunities.

She holds a bachelor degree in Architecture and Civil Engineering, and postgraduate studiesin European Politics. Currently, she is conducting her PhD in International PoliticalEconomy. In the European elections of 2014, Ms Kaili was elected, ranked-first, with thepolitical scheme of 'Elia', and she is a Member of the European Socialists and Democrats(S&D).

Eva Kaili chairs the Delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary Assembly(DNAT), and is a member of the Committee Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), as wellas a member of the Committee on Petitions (PETI).

She is also a substitute member of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs(ECON) and a member of the Subcommittee on Security and Defence (SEDE).

17

10 The graphene flagship exhibition

The Graphene Flagship’s exhibition (first floor, G area) illustrates graphene and ground-breaking experiments related to it. Visitors are able to test the simplicity of the scientificdiscovery and envisage outstanding potential application to make a massive impact onsociety. The exhibition shows the rapid transformation of a curiosity driven research intoapplications and commercial products.The Graphene exhibit is developed to target researchers interested in graphene from boththe academia and the industry as well as European politicians on national and EU level. Theinteractive presentation consists of three parts, each of them precisely shows the history, thepresent and the future of the revolutionary material.

History

The ‘history’ of graphene is presented through a time-line, starting by the discovery ofgraphite (1555), the first observation of graphene oxide (1859) and the introduction of theterm ‘graphene’ (1986) in the context of other ground-breaking innovations (e.g. invention ofthe car or Internet, starting using plastic materials, space exploration and so on).

Present

The ‘present’ section introduces graphene’s applications and graphene-based prototypes. Apart of this block is a scientific laboratory where visitors are engaged to make their ownpiece of graphene, to experience graphene-based touchscreens, sensors and membranes.

Future

The ‘future’ section highlights the potential of the new material to make a profound impacton our daily life in the future. It presents how graphene is expected to disrupt presentmarkets and replace earlier technologies, and reflects experts’ forecast on how graphene willbe used in the future. This part is designed as newspaper articles that are dated by year 2019,2023 and so on.

Graphene-based prototypes and products to be displayed in the exhibition area

Graphene-based super capacitor. The experiment shows extreme fast charging ofbatteries (The University of Manchester, prof. Novoselov)

Graphene-based light bulb. The product illustrates graphene’s electricity and thermoconductivity (The University of Manchester and BGTM, prof. Novoselov)

Mobile phone with flexible graphene-based screen (The University of Manchesterand BGTM, prof. Novoselov)

Graphene-based membrane. The experiment shows water filtration (The Universityof Manchester, prof. Novoselov)

Flexible touch screen (The University of Cambridge and Flexenable, prof. Ferrari)

18

Printable electronics. The experiment shows the use of graphene inks for printableelectronics including printing on fabric (The University of Cambridge, prof. Ferrari)

Graphene-based breath sensor. The experiment shows the sensor reaction on ahumidity level that helps to improve voice control in mobile phones (Nokia)

Drum poster. The experiment shows the use of graphene inks and pressure sensors(The University of Cambridge and Novalia, prof. Ferrari)

Graphene-based nanocomposites to be used in automotive industry (Grupo Antolin) ‘Materials and Production’ catalogue: Monolayer Graphene on SiO2 (4’’ Wafer),

Monolayer Graphene on Cu, Graphene Oxide (Water dispersion), Graphene OxideReduced (Powder) and etc. (Graphenea, Dr Amaia Zurutuza).

19

11 STOA administration

European ParliamentScientific Foresight Unit (STOA)Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (DG EPRS)European ParliamentRue Wiertz 60B-1047 BrusselsE-mail: stoa@europarl.europa.eu

Director-General - Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research ServicesAnthony Teasdale

Acting Director, Directorate C, Impact Assessment & European Added ValueJoseph Dunne

Head of Unit - Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA)Theo Karapiperis

Head of Service - STOA SecretariatZsolt Pataki

Head of Service - Scientific ForesightLieve Van Woensel

AdministratorsNera KuljanicMikail KritikosGianluca Quaglio – Seconded National Expert

AssistantsSerge EvrardRachel ManirambonaDamir PleseAnne Villers

TraineesSara CagolGuillermo Garrido-Lestache