strategic foresight - keith wiebe
TRANSCRIPT
Strategic foresight: Long-term projections from
IFPRI, GFSF and AgMIP
Keith Wiebe, IFPRI and GFSF
ISPC, Rome, 16 September 2015
Source: Nelson et al., PNAS (2014)
Modeling climate impacts on agriculture: biophysical and economic effects
General
circulation models (GCMs)
Global
gridded crop models
(GGCMs)
Global
economic models
Δ Temp Δ Precip
…
Δ Yield (biophys)
Δ Area Δ Yield Δ Cons. Δ Trade
Climate Biophysical Economic
Socioeconomic and climate drivers
Shared
Socioeconomic
Pathways (SSPs)
Representative
Concentration
Pathways (RCPs)
Source: Downloaded from the RCP Database version 2.0.5 (2015). RCP 2.6: van Vuuren et al. 2006; van Vuuren et al. 2007. RCP 4.5: Clark et al. 2007; Smith and Wigley 2006; Wise et al 2009. RCP 6.0: Fujino et al 2006; Hijioka et al 2008. RCP 8.5: Riahi and Nakicenovic, 2007.
CO2 eq. (ppm) Radiative forcing (W/m2)
Population (billion) GDP (trillion USD, 2005 ppp)
AgMIP Global Economics results
Groups participating in this study:
• International Food Policy Research Institute – IMPACT
• LEI Wageningen UR – MAGNET
• Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research – MAgPIE
• Purdue University/Global Trade Analysis Project & Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN – ENVISAGE
• USDA Economic Research Service – FARM
Projections to 2050 w/o climate change Baseline increases in global yields, area, production, consumption, exports, imports and prices of coarse grains, rice, wheat, oilseeds and sugar in 2050 (% change relative to 2005 values)
Source: Wiebe et al. (Environmental Research Letters, 2015)
Climate change impacts in 2050 Climate change impacts on global yields, area, production, consumption, exports, imports and prices of coarse grains, rice, wheat, oilseeds and sugar in 2050 (% change relative to 2050 baseline values)
Source: Wiebe et al. (Environmental Research Letters, 2015)
Per
cen
t ch
ange
in 2
05
0
Climate change impacts and trade Impacts of climate change and trade policy on yields, area, production, exports and prices of five commodities, (% deviation from baseline values in 2050 without climate change)
SSP1, RCP4.5 SSP3, RCP8.5
Source: Wiebe et al. (Environmental Research Letters, 2015)
IMPACT baseline results
• Yields – climate effects by commodity and region
• Prices – comparing socioeconomic and climate effects
• Total demand – comparing commodities
• Per-capita food demand – by commodity and region
• Net trade – by region
• Food security – by region
Yield effects of climate change, by region (SSP2)
Cereals
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
WLD = World; EAP = East Asia and Pacific; EUR = Europe; FSU = Former Soviet Union; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; NAM = North America; SAS = South Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa;
Yield effects of climate change, by region (SSP2)
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Cereals Maize
Rice Wheat
WLD = World; EAP = East Asia and Pacific; EUR = Europe; FSU = Former Soviet Union; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; NAM = North America; SAS = South Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa;
Yield effects of climate change, by region (SSP2)
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Cereals Roots & tubers
Oilseeds Pulses
Fruits & veg
Sugar
WLD = World; EAP = East Asia and Pacific; EUR = Europe; FSU = Former Soviet Union; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; NAM = North America; SAS = South Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa;
Price effects of socioeconomic and climate drivers
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Cereals Fruits & vegetables Meat
SSP
s R
CPs
Total global demand: aggregated commodities (SSP2, NoCC)
20
10
= 1
.00
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Total global demand: maize, rice, wheat (SSP2, NoCC)
20
10
= 1
.00
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Per-capita food demand (SSP2, NoCC)
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Cereals
Meat
Roots & tubers
Pulses
Oilseeds
Fruits & veg
WLD = World; EAP = East Asia and Pacific; EUR = Europe; FSU = Former Soviet Union; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; NAM = North America; SAS = South Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa;
Net trade (SSP2, RCP8.5)
DVG = Developing Countries; EAP = East Asia and Pacific; SAS = South Asia; FSU = Former Soviet Union; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Cereals
Net trade (SSP2, RCP8.5)
DVG = Developing Countries; EAP = East Asia and Pacific; SAS = South Asia; FSU = Former Soviet Union; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
Cereals
Maize
Rice
Wheat
Population at risk of hunger (SSP2, RCP8.5)
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
EAP = East Asia and Pacific; SAS = South Asia; FSU = Former Soviet Union; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean
Malnourished children (SSP2, RCP8.5)
Source: IFPRI, IMPACT version 3.2, 8 September 2015
EAP = East Asia and Pacific; SAS = South Asia; FSU = Former Soviet Union; MEN = Middle East and North Africa; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean
To conclude
• Baseline scenarios • Differences by commodity and region
• Differences by socioeconomic and biophysical drivers
• Some drivers external to the CGIAR, others internal
• How to reflect the latter?
• Institutional considerations & managing expectations
• Alternative scenarios? • What scenarios?
• What indicators?
• What process?