strategic management in creation of entrepreneurial universities 1.what are entrepreneurial...
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Strategic Management in creation of Entrepreneurial Universities
1. What are entrepreneurial Universities?
2. The third mission. Innovation and development commitment focus on demand and management.
3. Importance of universities
4. The three universities theory
5. The pathway to the three universities. A certain determination
6. The usefulness of strategic planning and the organisational designs
7. The end
1.- What is an entrepreneurial university?
The theory
•The entrepreneurial university (Clark)
•The triple helix (H. Etzkowitz, )
The entrepreneurial answer.The entrepreneurial answer.
► A strong management core.A strong management core.► An improved plan/innovation area .An improved plan/innovation area .► A diversified financing base.A diversified financing base.► Right incentives to stimulate academic spirit.Right incentives to stimulate academic spirit.► An integrated entrepreneurial culture.An integrated entrepreneurial culture.
¿What is an entrepreneurial university?
Means to become an entrepreneurial organization
Clark
• whose research is based on research teams that work similarly to businesses and have access not only to the competitive public research investment funds but also to the private ones. • that has a research base with market potential. • that has developed organisational mechanisms that transfer research to the market in the way of protected industrial property (Technology transfer offices) • that can create companies within the university. • that achieves the integration of academic and business elements by means of new operative units like the mixed University – Company centres: Scientific Parc
The entrepreneurial university is the one…
Etzkowitz,
2.- The third mission and its implication in the creation of entrepreneurial universities. Contribution to the development (importance of universities), focus on
demand and management
WE ARE DEALING WITH
Coincidence in
• entrepreneurial = the contribution to the development = third mission • the importance of universities in this regional context.• the importance for the university of focusing on demand • the importance of the professional management in universities.
•The third mission (Goddard)•Triple helix (Etzkowitz)•Innovative EcosystemsTapan Munroe•Innovative sequence Josep Pique, Etzkowitz, Solé•The “Techno pole” university
“Until recently, university was considered by the Administration like a supplier of qualified labour and a generator of scientific knowledge. In this context, the university administration worked on the basis of an internal culture as well as on a collegial administration made up by the professors themselves . New challenges have arisen: Lifelong learning, attending efficiently to an increasing percentage of population, competing with other ways of acquiring knowledge, adapting to the new education technologies , etc. In addition, new opportunities have appeared in relation with the university “know how”, specially in the regional context .
John Goddard1998
Triple Helix AgentsTriple Helix Agents
UNIVERSITY INDUST
RY
SOURCE: HENRY ETZKOWITZ
GOVERNMENT
•There are different Agents within an Innovation Ecosystem. Those agents develop different roles and interrelations in order to manage resources and contribute to the development of the Ecosystem:
Etzkowitz,
Triple Helix AgentsTriple Helix Agents
UniversitUniversityy
EntrepreEntrepreneurial neurial when…when…
►Talented People and networksTalented People and networks►Science (Research Centers)Science (Research Centers)►Technology (Technological Centers and Technology (Technological Centers and licensing)licensing)►Knowledge about entrepreneurship (How Knowledge about entrepreneurship (How to)to)►Experience (We know) and VisionExperience (We know) and Vision►NetworkNetwork►SpaceSpace►Technology InfrastructureTechnology Infrastructure►Fostering entrepreneurship. The Fostering entrepreneurship. The contests.contests.
Triple Helix AgentsTriple Helix Agents
administratioadministrationn
►Role of Legal Framework.Role of Legal Framework.►Act as a demand source, providing a Act as a demand source, providing a sophisticated market for high-tech products sophisticated market for high-tech products and solutions.and solutions.►Finance the Science and Technology Finance the Science and Technology through public programs.through public programs.►Invest in Education and in Universities.Invest in Education and in Universities.
Triple Helix AgentsTriple Helix Agents
IndustryIndustry ►The Large Firm: Invest in new companies The Large Firm: Invest in new companies – – spin-off-spin-off- Corporate Venturing. Open Innovation Corporate Venturing. Open Innovation►The Small and Medium enterprises: Network The Small and Medium enterprises: Network and cluster and open innovation.and cluster and open innovation.►The new companies, living besides. The new companies, living besides.
Source: Munroe Consulting Inc. 2008
Education Experience
Attitude(cultural change)
Spin off
Agent Science technology
Innovation Ecosystem
Network Creation
Key Elements of the Innovation Ecosystem.
1
The role of universities as contributors to the local and regional development.
•As a human capital contributor
•As a research and innovation system agent supporting knowledge and the technological needs
•As a talent attractor
•As a regional beacon (MIT, Harvard…)
•As a creator of industrial tissue
GLOBALGLOBAL
NATIONALNATIONAL
REGIONALREGIONAL
LOCALLOCAL
SCIENCESCIENCE
knowledgeknowledgeTECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY MARKETMARKET
Working system of Innovation + productivityWorking system of Innovation + productivity
INNOVATION
INT
ER
NA
TIO
NA
LIT
AT
ION
Fuente: H. Etzkowitz , Pique, J. Sole Parellada, F.
1
university
Research is global
Research is global
We are in danger... Concurrence, knowledge, innovation, global, etc
Do we need an entrepreneurial university?
We are in danger... Concurrence, knowledge, innovation, global, etc
Do we need an entrepreneurial university?
University potential and university importance in Europe
50% of young people (spending 5 years of their lives)
•Spread network all over Europe and the world
•Is the base of our research system
•30% of the R+D expenses (sometimes the 50% depending on the regiont)
3.- The importance of universities
1,5 mill students2% del GDP
More resources than ever200.000 professors
1/500 Spanish
4.- The three universities theory
Knowledge creation
Knowledge Stocking
Knowledge diffusion
Classical diffusion
EducationTraining
TransferringValorization
Development
Do we need an entrepreneurial university? What is the function of university?
Generic relationship
Valorization relationship
Complementary relationship
Social compromise
• Generic diffusion (books, conferences, articles, etc)• Training education
• Technological transfer • lifelong learning • Enterprises set up. •Tech park spaces
• Softening the transition to work•Cultural contribution (local gov. substitute). •Urban contribution•Mobility (students, researchers, etc)
•Development cooperation• Social compromise
Environment relationship
TECHNOPOLEUNIVERSITY
NEW ANSWERINSTITUTIONS
HIGH GROWTH ENDOGENOUS
UNITS
STRATEGIC SERVICES
TRANSVERSEUNITS MIXED
UNITS
BUT WE DISCOVER THAT IN OUR UNIVERSITY APPEARS SPONTANIOUSLY ...
The organisational designs and the enterprising professor
SOCIETYSOCIETY
STRATEGIC SERVICES
STRATEGIC SERVICES
HIGH GROWTH ENDOGENOUS
UNITS
HIGH GROWTH ENDOGENOUS
UNITS
MIXED UNITSMIXED UNITS
Technopole university .
TEACHING STAFF
ADMINISTRATION STAFF
MANAGEMENT
GOVERNMENT
SERVICES
DE
GR
EE
S
DEPARTMENTS
TRANSVERSE UNITSTRANSVERSE UNITS
NEW ANSWERINSTITUTION
NEW ANSWERINSTITUTION
Faculties and departments
The park
Innovaprogramme
Patentsoffice
TTC
Dept. X
Dept. Y
Dept. Z
Dept. A
ResearchIntitute C
Dept. B
ResearchIntitute A
CTT Innova
Doctorate Evaluation& Strat.planningCAMPUS A
CAMPUS D
CAMPUS B
CAMPUS C
TECHNOLOGICALPARK
Research Int. K
ResearchInt. F
ReserachCenter J
Research Center R
Impossible without a suitable
organization
Impossible without a suitable
organization
5.- The pathway . A certain determinist
25 – 30 years
Org. research
Ressources
publications
Professors
researchers
Transfer
spin - off
Critical mass of
Research teams
The pathway to research and valorisation
Park
studentsImpossible without time and money
Impossible without time and money
Articles published by Spanish researchers and % over worldwide total
Source: INE
Number of documents
0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,61,7
1,92,0 2,0
2,12,2
2,42,5 2,6 2,5
2,72,8
2,82,9
2,9
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Number of documents
GLOBALGLOBAL
NATIONALNATIONAL
REGIONALREGIONAL
LOCALLOCAL
SCIENCESCIENCE TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY MARKETMARKET
The Spanish University is apparently at this The Spanish University is apparently at this stagestage
INNOVATION
INT
ER
NA
CIO
NA
LIZ
AT
ION
GLOBALGLOBAL
NATIONALNATIONAL
REGIONALREGIONAL
LOCALLOCAL
SCIENCESCIENCE TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY MARKETMARKET
The companies and the universities are The companies and the universities are progressively achieving their goalsprogressively achieving their goals
INNOVATION
INT
ER
NA
CIO
NA
LIT
ZA
TIO
N
6.- the innovation commitment
The Universitat Politècnica of Catalonia (Barcelona)
30.000 Students
3.000 Professors
4.000 PhD students
5.000 Students working in the laboratories working in their “pre graduate project)
5.000 Students working in the laboratories as a scholarship holders
Innova Program was created in 1998 in order to:
1. Promote innovation culture and entrepreneurial spirit in the whole University community,
2. Create market value from research results coming out from UPC by licensing technologies and supporting business creation (start-up / spin-off) .
WHAT IS PROGRAMA INNOVA ? (II)WHAT IS PROGRAMA INNOVA ? (II)
Likewise,
The Programa Innova is a unit that works transversely at the university, aligned to the objectives proposed by its government organs, with the aim of helping to put in value the work that is carried out in the centers, departments and institutes.
The Programa Innova is addressed to the 100% of the university community:
• students• professors/researchers• administration & support personnel• graduates
Personas
Oportunidad
Negocio
Ideas
Soporte Soft
Soporte Hard
Empresa Consolidada
+Soporte Soft
+Soporte Hard
La oportunidad
El entorno regionalEl regulador
Las grandes empresas
La calidad de la organización de la universidad
De la investigación - docenciaCambio cultural
El entorno regionalEl regulador
Las grandes empresas
Entrepreneurship training
Three items to take on account:
•Attitude (risk acceptation and committeemen)
•Profession (to be a entrepreneur is also a profession)
•Opportunity discovery (there is not an enterprise or an innovation without having discovered an opportunity)
The formation of entrepreneurship and innovation culture deals whit How (to foster attitudes), models (entrepreneurial university versus bureaucratic), what (entrepreneur and innovation as a job) and the quality of the research (to show opportunities)
RESEARCH VALORISATION PROCESSRESEARCH VALORISATION PROCESS
Reception
Valuation
Training
Maturing
(technologies, ideas, projects)
Com
ercialization
Market
Orientation
Opportunities D
etection
Grow
ith
Sensitization
PROMOCIOnCREACIÓnPARQUES
University Opportunities
Big enterprisesIntramurals
R+D strategy
Administration
ResourcesLevel of understanding
The mini systems: the second system?
The first system
Local marketweak
SOME STATISTICS
INCOMING PROJECTS
TECH. BASED COMPANIES CREATED
COMPANIES per SECTOR
SOME RESULTS (since 1999)SOME RESULTS (since 1999)
Analyzed Projects: 750 (average: 75 projects/year)
Companies created: 2303000 jobs created200 PhD ocupied
• Companies with technology base: Strong investments in R&D
• Strength in the products knowledge and development • Weakness in entrepreneurial strategy
• Immaterial assets (efforts in R&D, Patents...) are more important than the material assets
Research groupLocal productive
system
GLOBAL
Art
icle
s
Tech transferS
pin-
off
SPIN OFF’sSPIN OFF’s
Usually, the products of a university spin-off, offspring of the research group, have global costumers, long maturation periods, increasing financial needs, a lot of coaching, and the eventually help of the formers researches colleagues.
There is a problem
Solution: to create a system
pymeUniversitypark
Sectorminicluster
Sectorminicluster
Sectorminicluster
Sectorminicluster
Sectorminicluster
1999
2008
2004
Our experience…
New pedagogical systems
InternationalBoloniaMaster
University Researchlaboratory
PhD internationalprogram
enterprisesR+D laboratories
Public researchorganizations
(spin-off)
Eco miniCluster
(endogen)
The mini cluster
Industrial system creation
Faculties
microclustermicrocluster
microcluster microcluster
microcluster
The park
Territorial poles
miniclusters
2.000 m2 nanoenginyeria
Specialized research buildings
(cluster)
Specialized research buildings
(cluster)
Localization sequence, and policy strategy
Science and tech and production
Edifici de 2.750 m2
•Aeroespacial•Civil i medio ambient•Energia•Manufactura•Enginyeria marina i naval•Modelado social i econòmic•Enginyeria biomèdica•Enginyeria agroalimentaria
Torre C: 13.000 m2 •Enginyeria química•Enginyeria de materials
Torre D1: 5.570 m2 •Generació, distribució i gestió de l’energia•Màquines i motors tèrmics•Física i Enginyeria Nuclear
Torre I: 5.550 m2
•Electrònica•Automàtica•Informàtica industrial•Sistemes industrials
Edifici de 8.000 m2
•Tecnologies marines•Electrònica i instrumentació•TIC•Medi ambient•Construcció
3.000 m2 (TIC)
research projects on enterprises demand.
Contracts and first step spin-off
K 2 M Buildings (knowledge to market)
Time limited
research projects on enterprises demand.
Contracts and first step spin-off
K 2 M Buildings (knowledge to market)
Time limited
Edifici de 5.500 m2
•Biologia de sistemes•Tecnologia amb làsers•Electrònica industrial•Aeronàutica •Energies renovables
Spin-off buildings (permanent rental)
NEXUS
Spin-off buildings (permanent rental)
NEXUS
Specific buildings for research groups ,growing spin-off or research focused enterprises
Specific buildings for research groups ,growing spin-off or research focused enterprises
ICFO Institut de Ciències Fotòniques
REDIT
UPC Parks in Catalonia
Barcelona
vilanova
Terrassa
Manresa
Castelldefels
MOLTES GRACIES
MUCHAS GRACIAS
THANKS