strategic stdy -5 ctrl of wmd

8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD

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DUS2022LECTUREThe Contro\ of WeaPons

of Mass Destruction

e Oxfod UnileBityPrcss,20l0. ll i!ht5 ese^'ed.

Weaoon f MassDestructionArmsControl

- WMD= A collective erm which used or

three classes f weapons ystems: uclearweaDons. ioloqical chemical eapons.Also' . k.a ABClatomic, BiologicalChemica)

' WMDdistinquished rom conventional

weaoon n tErms of i ts collateral amageooteintial lsoDotential s deterrentbotential .

. Arms Control= he reduction r abolit ion farmaments. t may be unilateral rmu ti lateral; eneral r local;comorehensiie r partial; ontrolled runccintrolled.

OOxlordUni!e*ityPres. ?010.Allrights csctued.


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Weaoon fMassDestructionArmsControl

. Restraint nternationally xercised ponarms policv- evel, haracter, eploymentoI use,

- the exercise f restraint n acquisit ion,deDlovment use of military apaDi.l l t les 'Mdasures hat enable ctors o conductthEmse[ves n a more estrained ay. E.g.developing echnical f crisismanagement '

- Knownaspersistence eatures of IR &

deterrencd olicy re valuable positivemeans f coercive iPlomacy'

- Rise ssue of disarmamentnon

oro iferation.O OxlordUnivcr5ily ,cst 20l0 All i9hts cscNcd.

Armscontrol

- Growing is i l lus ionmenti tharmscontro'. Disarmament s. arms control

ag eements. ' Late1950s new hinking" ndarms

control heorY- Making he system f deterrence ore

effective

e OxlordUniversity res, 0l 0 All iqhts escrved


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The CubanMissile risis. Cris is ighl ightedhe danger f

escalat ion miscalculat ion uringmilitaryconfrontation intensepol i t icalnstabi l i ty

- Provided ddi t ional omentum orarms control-"Hot l ine"agreement etween he

superpowers Moscow Washington- Partial est Ban Treaty 1963)

O Oxfod UnivcsityPress, 010.Allrights ese^,ed-

The CubanMissile risis

- Highl ightedssue f nuclear est ing.' ' US, Britain,SU agreed on partial

Test Ban Treaty n Aug, 1963.. '

Prohibi t l l nuclear est n theatmosphere ut al low tunderqround.

cOxford University rts. 2010. All,iqh!s cscrvcd.


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ColdWar nuclear rms ontrol..SALT

- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks- Anti-Ballist ic issile reaty 1972)- Controversy ver qualitative ssues

. SALT I (1979) unrat i f ied ndfai led o s tem he nuclear rms ace

. INF(Intermediate-Range uclearForces reaty)1987

,9 OxlordUnivcrsity re$.2010. llright5 cservl]d.

ColdWar nuclear rmscontrol. AC heorist ntend o work within he

prevailing ystem of nucleadeterrence ather han ry to abolishi t .

. ,Arms control was designed o"strengthen he oPeration f thebalance f mil i tarY ower gainstdisruptive ffects f arms dynamics'Esp. arms competi t ion, rms acing& technological eveloPment

COxfordU ive15ityPfes5,2010.Allr iqht \reseN.d.


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Keypoints

' The ate 1940s and early 1950s aw aorowinq isi l lusionment i thdisarmament ndealingiwithhe problems osed y WMD.

' The ate 1950s brought new hinking"& thedevelopment f the theory of arms control.. The aims of arms controlwas o make he

preva\\\ng system mork more effecttve\y

' The Cuban missile risis shered n a new'golden ge'of arms control greements.

. By he late 1970s, owever rms control san approach o peace & security acedincreasing roblems.

o OxtordUnivctsily rcs, ?010. Alltighrt crcn'.d

Armscontrol nd Peace

- Didarms control ontribute o the"longpeace"?

- Case hat arms control greementsplayed role n es tabl ishing ndmaintaininq orms fsta te ehaviour

I OxfordniveBity .es ,2010. l l r iqht!cre^ ' .d .


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OtherColdWararms ontrol

- BiologicalWeapons onvention(BWc)

' Graduated eductionnTension(GRIT)type initiatives

sOxfod Univc6ityrcss, 010. ll iqhts.eserued.

Armscontrolafter he Cold War

-START and II

' Strategic Arms Reduction reaties- Joint Statement n TransDarencv nd

Irreversibility- START I Protocol- CFE reaty 1990)

eOxto.d Unive6ity rcs!, 010.Alld9ht5.eeeNed.


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Armscontrol fter he ColdWar(cont)

- Increasing iff icul tyn achievingarms control progress n the late1990s and afterward- Russian uma and START I and ts

Protocol- US Senate ejection of the

Comprehensive est Ban Treaty (CTBT)

O Orford Univc6rty .css.2010. llri!ht5 .ar!.d

Armscontrol fter he ColdWar(cont)

- Uti l i tvof t radi t ional ' rms controlgenerally erceived o have declinedbecause f changing nternat ionaenvironment , special ly f ter9/11

- However, Strategic OffensiveReductionsTreaty SORT) igned

- Slow prog ess

g OxfordUnive6ityPar, 20 0 All ights csen'ed


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KeyPoints- The end of the CW brouoht maior debateabout whether rms conlrol id dr did not

contribute ignificantly o global eace., Suppo_rtersiewed t as ' the high road o

. Ooponents roued hat t Dlaved itt leDartin keeping hd peace uring he cold dar,

- A less tark udoment s that arms controlplaved omei ait in preventinq ll-outwarbut ' i t did not siqnificantlvmpiovesrelations urinq-the ime's f intensehostil i ty etwean ast & West.

O Oxford ni\'c.s'tv rcsr.1010. llri0ht5e!craed.

KeyPoints.The post CW period aw a flurry of

arms control agreements,. ' Despite he lessening f hostility

between he US & Russia, owever,progress was slow & intermittent.

- Gradual ly he ut i l i tyof arms controlwas perceived o have decl ined nthe changed nternat ionaenviron ent whichemergedespecial ly f ter9/11.

c Oxford ni leBny res ,2010. l l r ighlrcs . tucd.


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Strategic esponse ooroliferation

Osirak 1981) , he Persian ulf War(1991) , and Deser t Fox 1998)Preventive s. pre-emptive trategiesProliferation ecurity n tiative PSI)How o tackle potential roliferators

O Oxfo.dUnivc6ity tess,2010. llr:ghts cacNid.

Keypoints

- Preventive trategies re directed tthe process f proliferation, nd aim tosnuffout development r acquis i t ion fWMD.

- Pre emptive strategies re directed tthe deployed weapons and/or acilities,and aim to prevent heir use n war.

- Preventive pre emptive strategieshave been used separately, rcombined s n the 1991 GulfWar.

o Oxford nivcAity res.2010. llriqhts c\erv.d.


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Keypoints

. Finding polit icalogic nto whichpreventive r pre-emptive ction an befit ted has not always een easy.

' Pre emptive operations end o find heirrationale nd eqitimacv n the context fan ongoingwar,-such s he 1991 GulfWar oDerations.

- Preventive perations an ind their looicin the international orms urroundino-WMD, uch as he Proliferation ecuriivinit iative, r in an existino trateoicdoctrine uch as Israel 's t tack o-n Osirak.

O Oxford niversity res5,2010. llightr rere .d.

strategic stdy -5 ctrl of wmd

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