students copy only the red words or phrases. world history standards packet
TRANSCRIPT
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Students copy only the RED words or phrases
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World History Standards Packet
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Post-World War I
CHAPTER 15
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Tradition
• WWI viewed as a family feud • “old ways” pushed world into war
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Government Instability
• Most countries become democracies after World War I
• Many democratic governments were unsuccessful and failed to support their people
• Political parties fight for control– Rise of the communist party in Russia, fascist party
in Italy, and Nazi party in Germany
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Women
• Roles change: – women worked during the war– cut their hair short, smoke, and drink, war make-
up, and promote birth control– 1920: women get the right to vote
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Literature
• “All Quiet on the Western Front” – About the horrors of trench warfare and futility of
World War One
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Lost Generation
• Writers were known as the lost generation because they wrote about themes including feelings of loss and fear, death destruction, and despair
• Famous authors:– Stein, Hemingway, Joyce, Kafka, Fitzgerald
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Art
• Artists and writers portray this sense of loss and confusion in their paintings and writings
• Artists began to paint using obscure styles that were not created to look like items a person would see in real life (because artists felt real life at the time was hard to deal with)
• Dali:– Known for surrealism: dream-like painting)– Inspired by Sigmund Freud and his study of dreams
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• Picasso:– known for dadaism (painting with no meaning or
purpose) and cubism (painting using obscure shapes and geometric figures)
– broke rules to create his art
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Russian Revolution
CHAPTER 14
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Causes of the Revolution
• Royal Family– out of touch with the needs of the people
• Involvement in World War I:– Czar Nicolas loses popularity due to WWI– Reveals Russia’s weakness- that they had not
industrialized (not enough guns for all soldiers)– costs Russia too much money– hardships experienced during Russia’s
participation in World War I will result in the result in the downfall of the czar
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• Bloody Sunday – people protest against working conditions and low
wages– Soldiers shoot at protestors, kill hundreds of
unarmed Russian people• March Revolution – led by angry women protesting the price of bread– soldiers ordered to shoot, instead join the women– Czar abdicates the throne
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Bolshevik Revolution
• Lenin and the Bolsheviks (communists) take control of the government of Russia
• Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution would inspire others to start other socialist rebellions though out Europe
• Causes the Civil War (White vs. Red Army)
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Lenin
• Led the Bolshevik Revolution• Established a communist government in
Russia• Renamed Russia, the USSR
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Totalitarian Methods
• Executes royal family and others against communism
• Uses concentration camps (aka “Gulags”), secret police (Checka), terror and censorship to make people obey him
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Stalin’s Rise to Power
• Trotsky, Stalin’s rival, assassinated in Mexico by Soviet agent
• Puts his supporters in government positions
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Economic Policies
• Stalin attempts to industrialize Russia• 5 Year Plan: involves the use of collective
farms (large farms) and building factories• Command Economy: all economic decisions
made by government officials (Stalin)
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Totalitarian Methods
• Gulag, secret police, censorship (newspapers, radio, art, music, books, etc.) persecution of religion, education, torture, starvation, execution
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Ukraine & Human Rights Violations
• Kulaks – middle class farmers – refused to give up their land– 2 million were executed or starved to death in an
artificial famine created by Stalin
• Great Purge:– Stalin purged (killed or jailed) those who opposed
him especially those in the communist party– Brought deaths to millions of people
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Totalitarianism
CHAPTER 15
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Rise AggressionItalyfascist
Weak king puts Mussolini in power
Use terror tactics against political opponents
• Italy invades Ethiopia • Revenge for Ethiopia
maintaining its independence by defeating Italy earlier during late 1800s
• Seeks to prove itself to Germany
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Germanyfascist
• Hitler rises using economic depression to his advantage
• Blames Germany’s problems on Jews and communists
• Use terror tactics against political opponents
• seek to build Third Reich (German empire)
• Lebensraum: living space; idea used as a reason to conquer other countries
• Occupies Rhineland, annex Austria, take Sudetenland, and seize Czechoslovakia
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Japan Emperor supports military takeover Japan
• successfully invades Manchuria
• Japan invades and occupies China
• Rape of Nanjing – atrocities & extermination of Chinese population in Nanjing
• Sought to establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
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World War II
CHAPTER 16
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AppeasementWhat is it? giving into a potential enemy (Germany and Italy) in order to keep peace
Who practiced this? Britain & France
When was it used? At the Munich Conference, Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister, allows Germany to have the Sudetenland
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Isolation
What is it? staying out of foreign wars
Who practiced this? U.S.
Why? U.S. did not want to get involved in European affairs after WWI
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Economic Depression
• Worldwide economic depression. • German depression used by Nazi’s to gain
power • Countries not prepared to fight war – isolation U.S., appeasement France, Britain
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Non-Aggression Pact
What is it? an agreement not to fight, also called Hitler-Stalin Pact
Who signed this? USSR & Germany
Why? Hitler & Stalin secretly agree to share Poland
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Invasion of Poland
• Event that started World War II• Britain and France to declare war on Germany
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Allied Powers
• Britain, United States of America, Soviet Union• BUSASU
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Axis Powers
• Germany, Italy, Japan (G. I. Japan)
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Dunkirk
• Hitler dominates France• French troops flee from Germans at Dunkirk
on British rescue boats, yachts, and fishing boats
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Battle of Britain
• Hitler attempts to conquer Britain, but he fails• Why British are successful: radar, enigma, high
British morale• This battle proved Hitler’s attacks could be
blocked
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Pearl Harbor
• Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
• Pres. Roosevelt called it “A day which will live in infamy…”
• U.S. enters WWII because of this attack• U.S. main priority when they enter WWII is to
defeat Germany, then Japan
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D-Day
• Allies invade beaches of Northern France• Liberated France and Belgium• break through German forces and head onto
Germany
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Battle of the Bulge
• Last German offensive• Allies press in on Germany from the east and
west
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Yalta Conference
Attendees: Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill
Main Purpose: restructuring/rebuilding Europe after World War II
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Potsdam Conference
Attendees: Truman, Stalin, Churchill
Main Purpose: restructuring/rebuilding Japan after World War II
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Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain; gave inspiring speeches
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
President of the United States; died before the end of the war
Emperor Hirohito
Emperor of Japan
Isoroku Yamamoto
Japanese naval strategist; planned the attack of Pearl Harbor
Adolph Hitler Dictator of Germany; known as “der Fuhrer”
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Benito Mussolini
Italian dictator; known as “Il Duce”
Joseph Stalin Communist dictator of the Soviet UnionDouglas MacArthur
Supreme Commander of Allied Troops in the Pacific; thought up the Island Hopping strategy; supervised the U.S. Army’s occupation of Japan; wrote Japanese Constitution
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Supreme Commander of Allied Troops in Europe; D-Day commander; later became President of U.S.
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Nuremberg Laws
• started the Holocaust• laws that systematically stripped the Jews of
their rights
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Concentration Camps
• Hitler sent the “undesirable” people to these camps and death camps– Included political and war prisoners, communists,
gypsies, Jews, handicapped, ill, and homosexuals
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Final Solution
• The goal of killing of all European Jews (genocide)
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Holocaust
• 6 million Jews killed by Hitler
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• Used on Japan by United States to end WWII• Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki• U.S. make the first one
Nuclear Weapons
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Eastern Europe
• Soviet Union suffered from the most civilian and military causalities during WWII
• Soviet Union occupied Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary at the end of WWII – Known as satellite nations of Soviet Union– became communist – Also known as countries “behind the iron curtain”
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Recovery of Japan & Germany
• U.S. occupied these countries• wrote constitutions for them• U.S. rebuilt their cities, industries, and
economies
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Cold War
CHAPTER 17
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Cold War
• Soviet Union & US emerge as superpowers after WWII
• Divide the world – – US promotes spread of democracy and capitalism– Soviet Union promotes spread of communism
• Closest came U.S. and Soviet Union came to nuclear war- Cuban Missile Crisis
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Egypt
• U.S. trade embargo – Egypt buys military supplies from Soviets – Soviets gain influence in Middle East
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Congo
• Control by Belgium – Struggle for Democracy – Communist uprising
• U.S. CIA leads a coup de etat to overthrow communist government
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Korea
• Containment• U.S. invades to stop the spread of communism
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Vietnam
• Containment• Domino Theory – If one southeast Asian
country falls to communism, they will all fall.
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Truman Doctrine
• U.S. Financial support for countries that reject communism.
• Greece, Turkey, Africa
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Marshall Plan
• Food, machines, materials to rebuild Europe.
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Containment
• Contain the spread of communism. • Leads to U.S. wars in Korea & Vietnam.
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Chinese Civil War
• Chiang Kai-sheck (Jiang Jieshi) – Kuomintang
• Mao Zedong (Tsu-Tung) – Communists• Mao takes over Mainland China• Chiang takes over Taiwan
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Mao Zedong
• Power concentrated in Communist Party Mao – Premier (leader)
• Collective farming • used totalitarian methods to gain control of
China
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Great Leap Forward
• 5 year plans • Builds infrastructure (roads, bridges, railroads,
etc.), industry • peoples communes
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Cultural Revolution
• Red Guard – student militia • Little Red Book • radical communism
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Tiananmen Square
• Democratic uprising in the 1980s – put down by red army
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Post-Cold War
CHAPTER 18&19
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Poland
• Workers strike by group Solidarity led by Lech Walsea
• Soviet military crushes uprisings
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Hungary
• Imre Nagy, democratic leader • Soviet’s invade• Nagy executed
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Czechoslovakia
• Prague Spring= example of writers protest • Communist leader replaced by Alexander
Dubcek who does anti-communist reform • Soviets crush uprising
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Middle East (and Southwest Asia)
• Middle East known for oil reserves and ethnic and religious conflicts– Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979
• India known for fighting between Muslims and Hindus
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Israel
• Holocaust influences the establishment of a Jewish State.
• Land is taken from Palestinians to form the new country.
• Arabs (Moslems) and Israeli’s (Jews) fight • U.S. and Western Europe support Israel – Arab’s embargo (refuse to sell) oil to US because
of them supporting Israel
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Soviet Union Collapses
• Soviet States seek independence• War in Afghanistan hurts economy• Military withdraws from Eastern Europe to
help economy• Soviet Union falls 1991
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United Nations
• Established after WWII• International peacekeeping organization• humanitarian organization
UNICEF – children’s fund successful
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NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization• Alliance between U.S. and Western Europe for
military defense
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SEATO
• South East Asian Treaty Organization• Created to stop spread of communism in S.E.
Asia
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Warsaw Pact
• Created in reaction to NATO• Communist Nations alliance