Subject Index including the authors of this volume

abbreviations 221 Acarnania 327 ADCLUS 3 additive error model 262, 263 additive tree 4, 262, 263 additive tree metric 263 additive tree model 262 affinity 9

S (C" C.) between classes 1 0 agglomerative clustering 3, 30, 127, 149, 291 air pollution, peak flow 91 alignment 254, 255 alphabetical index in museum 213 ALT, K.W. 299 alternating least-squares 4 amino-acide histidine 30 ancient ruins data 325 anticodon 260 apes, classification of 243 aplasia 300 apomorphy 245 archaeology 122, 130, 299, 303, 325

research process in 332 multivariate statistics in 330

Aristotle 241 ARMINGER, G. 72 article characteristics 374 artificial intelligence 32, 163, 183, 188, 196 association graph 28 association matrix 191 association principle 170 associative memory 32, 40, 42 associative relations 235 attribute, semantic sense of 279

orthogonal and non-orthogonal 282 attribute structures 277, 278, 280 authority information 177 AutoCAD 291 automated payments 362, 366 automatic indexing 196, 199 automa.tic sequence analysis 318 average linkage clustering 4, 125, 260, 261

generalized 259

Backpropagation learning 32, 37 backtracking 198 band diagonal pattern 127 bank code numbers 362, 364, 367 beads, classification of 352

thesauri for 352 Becker's scheme 313 begriffliche Datei 136 Bell Beaker pottery 338 BENZ, J. 83 Bernoulli point process 68 betweeness in an ordered set 113, 116 bi-cluster 3, 4 bibliographic

data 173 dependencies, modeling of 177, 178 network 173

bioeqnivalence study 280 biological classification 241

biplot analysis 104, 105 bird populations 30, 31 block diagonal pattern 127 block model 28, 31 block seriation 127, 130 blocks in a graph .u bond energy algorithm 3, 127 Bonferroni bounds 63, 67 bootstrap evaluation 261 bounds of Mallows, Vardi 55, 59 Bronze Age 338, 342 browsing 178, 226, 231 BS relation 150, 151 BUDIN, G. 216

CAD/CAM 369, 373 CAM networks 36 canonical correlation 353 capacity of generating 174 card catalogue 177 cashless payments 366 catalogue, systematic 214 cataloguing 177 causal analysis and trees 83, 253 CD-ROM 180 cemetery data 299, 352 centroid effect method 4, 5 chaiuing, backward 197

forward 197 Chebyshev polynomials 58 Cholesky decomposition 26 chronological ordering 325 chronological system, universal 350 chronology 343, 346 circadian rhythm 93 cladistics 241, 244, 12.17 cIassaurus in terminology 235 classification

German - center 285 in biology 241 in terminology 233 of commodities 369 of diagnoses 270 of grave goods 325, 357 of Hominoidea 243 of medical concepts 284 of semantic concepts 23 optimal 16, 21 pseudo-hierarchical 201 semi-automated 270 systems 163, 272 with neural networks 32

clearing system 363 cliuical trials 54 cliques 43 cluster test 301 clustering alternatives 61 clustering methods 16

hierarchical 260 overlapping 9, 16, 53 non-hierarchical 14 see also: agglomerative, hierarchical

clusters, number of 16

clusterwise aggregation 191 CLUSTROID 23 codes, subject - in terminology 237 cognitive overload 230 commodities as museum objects 207 commodities, description of 369 communication in enterprises 144, 145 compatibility, postulate of 14

of thesauri 234 complementation testing 30 complete-linkage hierarchies, generalized 17 complete-linkage method 17, 18, 43 complexity, semantic - of a lexicon 154 component, knowledge-based 191 component, database - 191 components of a graph 43, 50 composition of expressions 166 composition, principle of 164 compositional semantics 164 computer tomography 68 concept 168, 143, 149, 219, 233, 235

classification 163 formal 131, 156 formal - analysis 156 hierarchical system of 149 lattice 107, 156, 159, 133 representation 163, 171 semi- 160

algebra of 160 systems 163, 219

conceptual analysis of data 195 clustering 9, 13, 203 data model 144 file 131, 136 files, implementation of 137 knowledge system 156, 158, 161 relationships in DIN 235 scale 133, 137 semantic relation 150 universe 156

conceptualism 164 concordance-coefficient 311, 313, 314 configuration of points 99 conflict resolution strategy 198, 202 conjunction of expressions 9 connectionist model consistency 188

concepts of 184 of phylogenetic estimation 249

constructors in data modelling 143 content analysis 233 context 107, 117, 131

derived 133 formal 131 many-valued 133

contour lines 100 convergence in phylogeny 245, 248 conversion of classifications 287 convex

analysis 103 function 99

convex ordinal scale 117 convexity for direct products 115, 117 convexity in ordered sets 113, 115 convexity, Euclidean 119 conectness of programs 183 conectness of encoding 284

388

correctness testing 320 conelation 331 conespondence analysis 334, 343, 351, 352, 353 coupling of time series 96 covariance matrix ~7 criterion, best goodness - 14 cross-tables as data 133 crossings 30 cytochrome c 129 CZAP, H. 143

DANEX 189 Darwin 242 data

access 175, 177 analysis 9 cluster method for qualitative - 14 extrinsic 209 in enterprises 143 intrinsic 209 homogenity of 175, 176 maintenance 175 model 195 qualitative 14

database deductive 191 for museum objects 204 relational 189 terminological 225

DAY, W.H.E. 248 debugging tool 183 decay probability 70 decentralized data modelling 143 decision support 195 decomposition, additive 92, 93 definition chain 151 DEGENS, P.O. 91, 262 demographic variables 11 dendrogram 121, 125, 129, 296 dependence structure, change of 314 dependence, logical 331 descriptor 374 descriptor systems 233 Deutsche Bundesbank 362 Diagnoseschliissel, klinischer 270 diameter 15, 16

partitions with minimum - 21 dictionary 150 differentia specifica 150 DIMDI 285, 288 dimensional analysis 7 DIN institute 287 DIN Standardization Committee 374 direct product of contexts 117 discrete scales 111 disease gron ps 284 dissimilarity data 3, 14, 28, 43, 99, 121, 262 distance, euclidean 99, 291 distance, genetic 254 distance, path length 250 distributions: Bernoulli, binomial, exponential 74

gamma, normal, Poisson 74 DNA sequences 248, 254, 261 DNA-DNA-hybridization 243, 247 documentation 163 documentation in medicine 270 documentation, in terminology 233 dot-matrix plot 254, 255

dual algorithms in convex analysis 99

EOKES, TH. 3 edge-weighted tree 248 efficiencies, bounds for relative 54 efficiencies, relative - of estimators 53 elections in FRG 10 ELKAR, R.S. 311 employment analysis 312 encoding, semi-antomated 270 energy functional 35 enterprises, data in 143 epigenetic variants 299 eqnidirection 317 error description, program code 184 error detecting 183 error sum-of-squares 5 errOIS, correlated with the regressors 72 establishment of coordination measures 144 estimation, pseudo ML 81 estimation of mean 53 eukaryotic nucleus 252 EUROTERM abbreviations 221 evidence V ( C i) of a class 10 evolutionary

change 249 classification 246 genetics 261 model 249, 251 trees 248

expectation, linear conditional 79 expert system 189, 196, 369 EXPLORA 9 exponential family - linear 74 extrinsic data 209

factor analysis 23, 24, 83 factor analysis - multiple group method 25 factorial structures 277 farthest neighbour clustering 125 file formats 180 FISOHER, R.-J. 270 flies, classificaton of 243 foreign key 145 formal concept 156 formal concept analysis 104, 131, 374 formal context 117, 156 formal description rules (RAK) 177 four-objects estimator 264 four-point condition 250, 259, 262 free text retrieval 178 FRIEDERIGH, H.-J. 362 full text data 325

Gaussian distribution, inverse 74 GEBHARDT,F.9 generalization 143, 146

constrained 146 unconstrained 146

genes 31 genetic distance 1l54, 256 genetic kinship 299 genetic map model 30 genetic sequences, visualization of 255 GENNCLUS 4 genus proximum 150 geographical site analysis 30

389

giro networks 361l, 363 global distance 50 GODEHARDT, E. 43 gradient descent method 38 gradients 100 GRADMANN, S. 173 grammar of sentences 3110 graph 43 graph-theoretic cluster procedures 43 graphical representation of data 99, 105 graphical subsystem 189 grave analysis 299, 352 graves from Gotland, Sweden etc. 344, 346, 348, 351 Greece, travel reports on 325

HALEKOH, U. 91 HAMMERL, R. 149 Hamming-distance 257, 258 Hausman type test 78 health legislation Illlil hegemonial structures 133 Hennig 1144 HERDEN, G. 14 heterogeneity 5, 14, 15 heteroscedasticity, general 71l heuristic ordering method 1112 hierarchical

classification 3, 17, 43, 1l60, 291, 295, 1197 organization 208 relations 235 structures 1l77, 1l81, 1182 system of concepts 149 systems 1133

hierarchies, optimal 18 HINTZE, F. 318 histidine nucleotide 30 historical data 311 historical-topographical research 325 HOLZL, J. 369 hominoidea, classification of 243 homogeneity, probability model 44, 47, 48 homology in biology 254 HOPFIELD network horse shoe 343 hospital data 270 Householder-Young approximation 106 HULTSCH, E. 277 HUTHSTEINER, R. 311 HVALKOF, S. 221 HyperTerm 225, 230 hypertext system 225, 1l28, 1l31, 236 hypertrees 67 hypodontia data 300 H01LUND NIELSEN, K. 343

!CD (Intern. Classif. of Diseases) 284, 1185 286 289 identification 143, 146 ' , identificators 279 identifiers 191 image interpretation in medicine 291 image reconstruction 68 images, exploring three-dimensional 291 incidence matrix 53 inclusion relation 170 independence, postulate of 14 index, systematic 213 indexing mechanism 177

indexing terms 234 indexing, automatic 196,199 inequality of Polya, Saego 55 inference, logical 160, 161 information

and communication 217, 218 and knowledge 218 definitions 216, 217, 220 management 220 mathematico-statistical concept of 217 retrieval system 196 science 219 semantic conception 216 specialized 216

INFOTERM 287 inner projection property 100, 101 insects, classification of 241, 243, 246 Institut lur Museumskunde 205 intelligence quotient (IQ) 331 intensity measure 68 interlaces for data exchange 180 international relations 131 international transactions 134 intrinsic data 209 invariants in phylogeny 248, 249, 250, 252 invariants, number of 252 Iron Age 334, 336, 346, 350 isaritme diagram 335 ISO 287 isolated vertices 45, 49

journeymen '8 register 911

k-elustering functions, dominating 17 k-hierarchy 17 K-invariants 251 k-linkage clusters 43 KAMPS, U. 53 KIEL, R. 183 kinship analysis 299 KLAR, R. 284 knowledge

units of acquisition 160, 161 base 183, 196, 197 communication 160, 162 representation 157, 163, 195

knowledge-based system WIMDAS 189 knowledge-based systems 369 KOHLER, A. 23 KOPp,M.325 KRAUS, O. 241 KRAUTH, J. 61 KROLAK-SCHWERDT, S. 23 KURZ,H.291

language expressions 165 languages, terminology 235 lattice theory 120, 131, 277 lattices of quantity structures 282 lattices, splitting of 277 LAUSEN, B. 254 layer model 165 least squares estimation 72, 81 LEDER, O. 291 level sets of a function 100 lexeme 149

390

lexeme net 149 lexical meaning 149 lexical system 149 lexicalization 166 library systems 173 line diagram 107, 133, 160 linear model 72,262

generalized 72 program 65

linguistic approach 163 linguistic investigation 149 link function 74 Linne 241 LISP 321, 369 LISREL 83 local distances 44 logical relations 235 loglinear model 29 LOGO 321 LUKSCH, P. 156

macrostructure 28 MADSEN, T. 330 Mallows-Vardi bound 55, 59 mammals 8, 200 management information systems 369 mapping neural networks 37 market data 134 marketing 83, 189, 369 marketing support 195 Markov assumptions in phylogeny 251 MARX, S. 189 matching 185 MATHAR, R. 99 maximum likelihood (ML) 81, 262 MAYER, R. 225 MDS approximation 99 mean squared deviation index 5 meaning

of expressions 167 relations 169, 169 structure 170 type 168

measurement theory 111 medical concepts, classification of 284 medical

nomenclature 284 phrases 270 terminology 285 trials 280

Medusa mirror 334 MEINL, F. 374 memex system 228 meroitic funeral inscriptions 318 meroitic language, syntax analysis 318 Merovingian cemetery 352 Mesopotamia, chronology 338 method management component 189 method of indicators 63 metric, additive tree - 259 microcomputers in libraries 173 migration data 30, 311 minimum variance method 23 MIRKIN, B.G. 28 misspecification of models 72 misspecification of the mean structure 77 mixed data 43 mobility, regional 311

modal block method 3 mode 4 model

linear 72 logistic 75 loglinear 29 misspecification 72 ordinal logit 75 ordinal probit 75 probit 75 threshold 72 Tobit 75

modelling of data 143 modernity of types, mean - 353 moire fringes 291, 293 molecular evolution 260 molecular sequence data 248, 252 monophyletic groups 243, 244, 245 monotonicity, postulate of 15 Moore-Penrose inverse 103 morphemes 165 morpho-syntactic connection 165 MS-DOS 174 MULLER, A. 32 multidimensional scaling (MDS) 7, 99

weighted 99 multigraph 43, 44

completely labeled 43 random 43, 46

multiple group method 25, 26 multivariate methods 83 multivariate statistics in archeology 330 museum, archaeological 206 museum, documentation process 208 museum, historical ~05 museum, thesaurus techniques 208 music instruments 156 mutations 30 mutations, number of 129

nearest neighbour 40 nearest neighbour classification 125 NEDOBlTY, W. 233 neighbourhood, definition of 302 Neolithic pottery 338 nested line diagram 136 networking in terminology 233 NEUMANN, J. 32 neural networks 32 neulo-computers 32-non-linear text systems 228 non-normal errors 72 North-Western Altay 30 nucleic acid evolution 248 nucleic acid sequences 252 nucleotide substitutions 252

object databases 204 odontological traits 300 omitted variables 77 ontological relations 235 OPPERMANN, H. 382 optimization problems 30, 99 oracle 189, 191, 192 order, partial 113 order in enterprises 143 order, visible - in musea 205

391

ordered set 113 ordering, theory of 219

choronological 325 ordinal convexity 119 ordinal data 113, 114 ordinal dissimilarity 14, 15 ordination 325 organizational structure design 91 ORLIK, P. 9, 23 osteological analysis 952 OSTERMANN, R. 911 otoacoustic emission 32, 37 otological classification 92 overlap, circular 60 overlap, successive pahwise 56, 58 overlapping clusters 9, 14, 16, 53, 129, 190 Oxford English Dictionary 229

parabola 954 parabola in correspondence analysis 936, 949, 354 Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) 32 paraphyletic units 249, 245 parsimony methods 248, 249 parsing 918 partition with a structure 28 partition, optimum 29 partition-type clustering 14, 28, 49 path in a lexeme net 150 pattern frequencies 252 pattern recognition 42 penalty function 4 PENCLUS4 perceptron 42 permutation of compound terms 212 permutations 126 PFEIFER, D. 68 phenetics 241 phenotype 90 philosophical concept 216 PHYLIP 252 phylogenetic

inference 254, 255 system 246, 247 systematics 241, 244 tree 190, 254

phylogeny 248 phylogeny, estimation of 260 phylogeny, reconstruction 245, 248, 249, 259, 260, 261 plausibility checks 176, 196 Poisson approximation 68 Poisson distributed random vectors 68 popularity, mean time of 359 positional substitution rates 256 positron emission tomography 68 postcode systems 382 postcode, history 982 posture analysis for singers 291 potential energy 126 pottery on cemeteries 934, 338 preference data 7 prehistoric burial complexes 299 primary key 145 principal axes 347 principal component analysis (PCA) 104, 334, 936 product information 969, 973 program clauses, classification of 189 projection, s- 44 projections, cyclic alternating 101

PROLOG 189, 188, 189, 921, 969, 971 proximity data 4, 25, 28 proximity maps 109 pyramidal algorithm 191 pyramids 129

quadratic forms, decomposition into 91 quality control 54 quantity structures 277, 282 quasi-order 119

radioactive decay process 68 RAHMSTORF, G. 169 random graphs 45 random multigraphs 49, 46 randomness of clusters 49 reconstruction of 3-D data 291, 299 reduction of dimensionality 105, 111 reduction rules 920, 924 reference file in thesauri 279 regime 191, 195 regional cerebral blood How 71 regression 29, 89 relational data 145 relational database 195 relations

associative 295 hierarchical 295 logical 295 ontological 295

relationship, genealogical 245 reordering a data matrix 121, 949, 952 repeated surveys 54 repertory grid analysis 104 representation of data models 149 representation of knowledge 169 representation of meaning 167 resampling procedure 858 Rete algorithm 196 retrieval 887

human behaviour 825 of information 196 techniques 178 application-oriented 199

RIECK, J. 962 Robinson matrix 121 rRNA sequences 852 rule classification, pseudo-hierarchical 198 rule interpreter 197 rule matching 197 rule ranking 198, 202 rule set, automatic processing of 196 rule-based system 197

Sachmerkmal 974 Sachmerkmalleiste 974 Salmonella 90 sample design 72, 81 samples, equioverlapping 56, 59 samples, overlapping 59 scalar product index 124 scale

conceptual 199 nominal 28 ordinal rank 28

scan statistic, lower bounds 61

392

Scandinavia 990, 946 Scandinavian archeology 990 SCHADER, M. 189, 189 search, broad/detailed 801 search strategies 226, 887 search with wildcards 226 selection of interesting classifications 9, 10 selection, automatic method - 189 semantic classification 9 semantic network 895, 889 semantic relation 145, 168

between lexemes 149 semantic rules 171 seman tical aspects of medicine 286, 288 sentences, symbolic representation 980 sequence, automatic - analysis 318 sequences, comparison of 854 seriation 181, 187, 996, 949 settlements, ancient 928, 989 shape, description of 891 short-term memory traces 94-shrinking transformation 91 sigmoid function 96 similarity

data 85, 88, 90, 121, 150, 151 in dialectology 152, 154 for medical phrases 278 graph 89 measure for strings 871 of classifications 10

simultaneous clustering 9, 121 single linkage clustering 49, 125 singular value decomposition 106, 959 Small Museums Project 204, 211 SMALLTALK 969, 972 SNOMED 876, 886, 889, 290 sociometric relations 91 soft drinks brand-switsching data 5 spacings 67 SPANGENBERG,N.l04 spatial data analysis 291 spatial (auto-)correlation 901 spatial Poisson point process 68 spatial representation of data 25, 99, 104, 191 spectral data 98 spelling, automatic recognition 211 specification 149 spin glass models 99, 42 spline approximations 91, 94 squashing function 99 stability of estimated clusters 860 standardization 149, 144 standardization of medical classification 284, 288 statistical testing of DNA trees 259 statistics

inductive 999, 994 deductive 994 in archeology 999, 941 role of 992

STEINADLER 201 steles in cemeteries 919 storage of data 189 STRAHRINGER, S. 119 STRAUCH, D. 925 STRENG, R. 121 structural change in time series 91, 95 structure, simple - of a partition 88 structure transformation 147

stylistic analyses 350 subconcept-superconcept 156 subconcept-superconcept relation 131 subgradients 100, 103 subject indexing 177, 178 substitution, nucleotide 256 substrings 272 subsumption 187 suffixes in meroitic language 319 synapomorphy 245 synaptic weights 34 syntactic analyzers 184 syntax analysis of meroitic la.nguage 318 system, terminological 219 system, rule-based 197 Systema natura 241 systematics 241 Sjilrensen index 124

tabular layouts 374 tail probabilities 61 Tanimoto index 124 taxa 245 Taxis Postal Administration 382 technique analyzer 184 teeth analysis for skeletons 300 termbank 225 terminological reasoning 172 terminological system 219 terminologies, scientific and technical 216 terminology 163, 216, 218

science 216 classaurus 235 Classification System (TOL) 233, 234 documentation 233 of terminologies 235 work in the WHO 221 medical 285

TermNet 234 testing for randomness 301, 304 tests for homogeneity 43, 44, 47 thesaurus 196, 200, 215, 270, 274

compatibility 234 construction, automatic 199 of hospitals 271, 272 relations 172 systems 233 reference file 273 references in the 202

THEUNE-VOGT, C. 352 three-dimensional data 291 three-objects estimation method 254, 259, 264 time series 91, 96, 317 time series, coupling of 96 time-frequency distribution 40 topology 248, 249, 263 transfer function 32 transition matrix 251 transversion 252 travel reports 325 traveling salesman problem 127 tree, additive 250 tree representation 6, 243, 249, 263 tree structure 258 tree topology 248, 250 treshold function 33 tRNA 254, 256 TUSTEP 328

393

two-mode clustering 3, 4 two-mode data 4 type-situation matches data 7 typology 241

ultrametric distance !l59 ultrametric trees 4 Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) 287, !l89 uniformity, hypothesis of 61 union catalogues 173 Universal Decimal Classification (UDO) 234 UNIX 174

VAOH, W. 299 variance

bounds 53 component model 263 estimation 262, 263 three-objects - estimator 259, 262, 264 four-objects - estimator 262, 263, 264, 268

variation distance, total 69 verification 188 visual pat terns 34 visualization of results 190 visualization of the data 99, 104, 110, 131 VOGT, F. 131

WAOHTER, C. 131 WAOKER, C. 325 Ward's method 5, 23 Werkgroep Classificatie en Ooderingen 287 Widrow-Holf rule 37 WILLE, R. 113, 131, 156 WIMDAS 189 within-cluster sum of squares 23, 24 WOLF, K. 262 WOLFF, K.E. 104 WOLTERS, C. 204 word lengths 271 World Health Organization 2!l1

zink (music instrument) 156 ZIP 384 ZIP+4-code 385

O. Opitz, University of Augsburg (Ed.)

Conceptual and Numerical Analysis of Data Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the Gesellschaft flir KlassifIkation e. V., University of Augsburg, April 10-12, 1989

In Cooperation with the Chairmen W.Gaul, University of Karlsruhe; H. Schnelling, University of Konstanz, and P. O. Degens, University of Dortmund

1989. XXV, 530 pp. 72 figs. 36 tabs. Softcover DM 140,- ISBN 3-540-51641-7

The wide ranged subject "Conceptual and Numerical Analysis of Data" is obliged to indicate the variety of the concept of data and information as well as the manifold methods of analysing and structuring. This volume is subdi­vided into four sections:

1) Data Analysis and ClassifIcation: Basic Concepts and Methods 2) Applications in Library Sciences, Documentation and Information

Sciences 3) Applications in Economics and Social Sciences 4) Applications in Natural Sciences and Computer Sciences.

Section 1 contains 18 papers concerning concept analysis, cluster analysis, data analysis and multivariate statistics. The broad spectrum of7 papers appointed to section 2 extends from applications of data analysis and concepts in information sciences to applications in terminology and humanities. The importance of data analysis for many questions of economics and social sciences becomes evident in section 3. This section consists of 10 papers dealing with problems of marketing research, decision making, computer-based decision support as well as problems of socioeconomics and macro­economics. Finally, section 4 is composed to 4 papers on sequence analysis and phylogenetic trees and 3 papers on computer science.