sustainable energy and climate action planning at cornell...
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Sustainable Energy and
Climate Action Planningat Cornell University
April 2018
Lanny Joyce P.E, CEMDirector, Utilities & Energy Management
Energy and [email protected]
www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu
April 2018 2
• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions
Agenda
Cornell Energy Use
3April 2018
Central Energy Plant provides
Electric for about 14,100,000 GSF
Steam for 12,700,000 GSF
Cooling for 9,100,000 GSF
Cornell University District Energy
Annual Utility Budget ~ $55 million
Enterprise Units
•Electric •30 MW peak•200 GWh/yr
•Steam •380 kpph peak•900,000 klbs/yr
•Chilled Water•20,000 Tons peak•44,000,000 ton-hrs/yr
•Water and Sewer
Fully Metered (>1200 meters) April 2018 4
Steam Energy Use
5April 2018
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Actual Steam Sales (klbs) FY15 by billing month
Metered Building sales:850,000 klbs
Steam use in summer:Reheat; dehumidification and process loads
Peak Hourly Steam Load: 380,000 lbs. per hour (every minute we boil 760 gallons of water)
Electric Energy Use
6April 2018
Metered Building sales:200 million kwh
Usage is quite flat thru out the year, average about 17 million kwh/month
Peak load is 30 MW, which is about 1/1000 of the New York State peak
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5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Actual Electric Sales (kWh) FY15 by billing month
Chilled Water Use
7April 2018
Metered Building sales:42 million ton-hrs
About 47% of usage occurs in July/Aug/Sept
Winter usage for process cooling and some space cooling
Peak load is 25,000 tons(1 ton is the heat rate required to melt one ton of ice in a day)
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1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov De
cJa
nFe
bM
ar Apr
May Jun
Ton-
hrs.
Actuals Chilled Water Sales FY15 by billing month
April 2018 8
• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 9
• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?–~30 MW, .1% of the NYS peak of ~30,000 MW
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 10
• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?–30 MW, .1% of the NYS peak of 30,000 MW
• Which utility load has the highest load factor (average to peak ratio) and why?
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 11
• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?–30 MW, .1% of the NYS peak of 30,000 MW
• Which utility load has the highest load factor (average to peak ratio) and why?–Electricity–Refrigeration for cooling is eliminated
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 12
• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions
Agenda
District Energy at Cornell• Originally constructed in
1922• Serves over 150 facilities• Fuel input before 2010
– 65,000 tons coal/yr– 150,000 DT gas/yr– 1.75 TBtu
• Fuel inputs today– 3 million DT gas/yr
• Fast Facts annual summary– https://energyandsustaina
bility.fs.cornell.edu/em/fastfacts/default.cfm
April 2018 13
April 2018 14
April 201815
Combined Heat & Power Project (CCHPP)
• 30 MW addition to existing (coal based) CHP plant
• 300 KPPH steaming capacity
• Renewal and upgrade to 115 x 13.2 KV substation
• 3.2 mile High pressure gas line
• Engineer of record - CHA/GIE
• $82.3 million project budget– $43.8 million construction– $8.0 million engineering & permitting– $28.5 million PP equipment– $2.0 million support & other
April 2018 16
Combined Heat & Power Project (CCHPP)
• Two Solar Titan 130s – Dual fuel (670 k gallons
storage)– Inlet air chilling– Output direct to secondary bus
at substation
• Rentech “dual pressure” HRSGs
– 60 KPPH unfired– 150 KPPH fired– 40:1 turndown duct burner (gas
only)
• SCR and CO catalyst– 2.5 ppm Nox– 5.0 ppm slip– 10 ppm CO
April 2018 17
• Highly efficient– The project is the most efficient way to generate the
campus heat and electric energy needs
• Fuel flexibility– Cost management– Future bio-fuel option
• Electrical reliability– “Islanded’ operation
• Eliminate coal usage
• Reduce CO2 ~30%
Combined Heat & Power Project (CCHPP)
April 2018 18
Combined Heat & Power Project (CCHPP)
April 2018 19
Old Versus New Plant
April 2018 20
April 2018 21
• History and Evolution –Prior to 1990- Proprietary vendor, first gen digital–1991 upgrade to second gen digital–Ethernet and PLC’s introduced in 2000–PLC’s took off ~2010 with CCHPP project, dramatically
expanding the digital infrastructure–2010-2017 continuing evolution of network
architecture and security
Central Utility Plants Controls
April 2018 22
• Central Utility Plants – 10 Facilities– PLC’s ~25– Remote I/O
• Pressure, temperature, flow, valve position
– Remote Devices• Meters• Transmitters w/ analog to
IP conversion
– Servers– ~20 Workstation screens
Central Utility Plants Controls
April 2018 23
• What is the efficiency improvement for Combined Heat and Power and what is the reason?
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 24
• What is the efficiency improvement for Combined Heat and Power and what is the reason?– +50%–Making electricity alone wastes the heat (35%),
CHP uses the heat increasing overall efficiency to 75-85%
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 25
• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions
Agenda
April 2018 26
Lake Source Cooling
The Lake Source Cooling Process
April 2018 27
Lake Source Cooling
• Started service 2000• Annual production at 0.1 kw/ton• Truly “renewable” cooling
• Full automation (un-peopled) • Carbon reduced 100,000 tons• 25 million kwh/yr (reduction)
or 10% of campus• District cooling system is CFC
freeApril 2018 28
The Lake Source Cooling Process
April 2018 29
Positioning the Intake
April 2018 30
Controlled Sinking
April 2018 31
Intake ready for sinking
April 2018 32
Chilled Water Pipe Installation
April 2018 33
Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers
•7 plate and frame units
•no fouling allowance -one spare unit added
•2500 tons each (30 million Btu/hr)
•3 °F approach
•665 plates each (14,700 ft2)
April 2018 34
Chilled Water Pumps
•Radially split
•API 610 standard
•5 x 600 HP
•variable speed driven
•6600 gpm @ 280 ft.
April 2018 35
Lake Water Pumps
•Vertical turbine
•single stage
•25’ column length
•3 x 350 HP
•variable speed driven
•13,000 gpm @ 80 ft.
April 2018 36
Programmable Logic Controls
•Redundant processors
•Ethernet and Modbus communications
•Over 300 I/O points
•100% automated process
April 2018 37
April 2018 38
• What is a typical electric use per unit of cooling and what is Lake Source Cooling?
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 39
• What is a typical electric use per unit of cooling and what is Lake Source Cooling?–.8 to 1.0 kW/ton for chiller plants–.1 kW/ton for LSC, an 86% reduction on an annual
basis
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 40
• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions
Agenda
Hydroelectric Plant
April 2018 41
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Hydroelectric Plant
April 2018
Hydroelectric Plant
April 2018 43
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Hydroelectric Plant• 4-5 million kW-hr/yr or 2 % of campus• Rebuilt 1981• Controls and turbine upgrade in 2008/2015 increased
annual production by 20% April 2018
April 2018 45
• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions
Agenda
April 2018 46
• Forecast is developed for each meter – 100 chilled water, 150 steam, 300 electric – Steam and chilled water require weather
regression• Reviewed / Updated each budget year based on
performance. • Track performance quarterly• Building and Campus EUI is tracked and managed• EUI reporting is part of online IPP metrics• Accounts for: conservation, projects, utilization
Forecasting
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An Example: Duffield Steam forecastingUse FY14 to develop formula to forecast FY16
y = 0.001x2 + 1.2x + 1100
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500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
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4,000
4,500
5,000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Mon
thly
Ste
am U
se (k
lbs)
Monthly Heating Degree Days
Steam Actuals FY4 Budget FY16 Poly. (Budget FY16)
April 2018
Example – Mann Library after ECI
48April 2018
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50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
ton-
hr.
Monthly Enthalpy-hours
FY2012 FY2013FY2015 FY17 BudgetPoly. (FY17 Budget)
Chilled water:Tracking the building performance for Mann Library, ECI efforts have significantly reduced overall building consumption
Forecasting was updated based on this new building performance, which is reflected in the FY17 budget
April 2018 49
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- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
3802 Paul Milstein Hall
1003 Ives Hall Faculty Wing
1026 Warren Hall
2013A Klarman Hall
2044 Gates Hall
New Buildings/Renovations EUI (kBTU/GSF) Office-like
Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Total EUI
7
30
57
70
80
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49
59
89
81
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62
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71
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89
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135
187
241
305
- 50 100 150 200 250 300
2045 Upson Hall
1011 Human Ecology Building
2076 Physical Sciences Building
1166 NY State Vet Diagnostic Cntr
1014 Weill Hall
New Buildings/Renovations EUI (kBTU/GSF) Lab-like
Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Total EUI
April 2018 50
Campus EUI (kBtu/GSF)Track performance multiple ways:
(1) pre-ECI performance versus post-ECI performance
184.3
157.6
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175
PROJECTED_EUI
ACTUAL_EUI
FY15 CEP - ITHACA CAMPUS KBTU/GSF
(2) Actual performance versus Budget (weather adjusted)
165.4
157.9
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175
PROJECTED_EUI
ACTUAL_EUI
FY15 CEP - ITHACA CAMPUS KBTU/GSF
April 2018 51
• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions
Agenda
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Budg
et
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Budg
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GSFMill
ions
MMBTU/YR CAMPUS GSF CHW SALES_MMBTUELECTRIC SALES_MMBTU STEAM SALES_MMBTU
WestCampus
ECRF & EHOB
Weill Hall
Duffield
Physical Sciences & AHDC
Human Ecology
Milstein
~186 kBtu/Sf-Yr ~146 kBtu/Sf-Yr
Gates
Klarman
Building Energy Sales: History 2000 - 2018
April 2018 52
Endowed2003 – 2017(~5M GSF)
CCF2005 – 2017(~4M GSF)
Maintenance (Continuous Cx)
Project
Study
Design
Maintenance(Continuous Cx)
ProfessionalSchools2011-2013(~1M GSF)
Steps of ECI
Campus Life2011-2015(~3M GSF)
April 2018 53
• Lighting – fixtures and occupancy control
• Updating of controls and control logic
• Complete Cx and Re-Cx of systems
• Humidification systems
Conservation Project Elements
April 2018 54
Laboratory ventilation is responsible for approximately half of all energy use on campus ~ $25 million per year at billed rates
• Ventilation is the largest user of energy in labs.• One fume hood = 3 households annual energy usage.
• Focus on controls to reduce outside air use
• Occupancy sensors to index room occupancy air flows, and lighting
• Relax temperatures to reduce reheat
Energy conservation in laboratories
April 2018 55
• Electrical savings to date• Over 60 buildings retrofitted • ~1400 kW reduction (peak)• 5,500,000 kWh/ year • 4.2 year simple ROI (2.1 year after incentive)• 155,000 lamps replaced
LED Lamp Replacement Project
April 2018 56
Insulation and Valve Upgrades
57April 2018
Steam, $18
Steam, $14
Electric, $9
Electric, $7
Chilled Water, $5
Chilled Water, $4
Total Billed , $31.3
Total Billed , $25.0
$-
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
$35
Pre_ECI Project Post_ECI Project
Mill
ions
Post ECI Project Billed Savings: $6.3 millionECI Phase II Project Facts:• Over 60 Facilities• Over 90 projects• Project Cost $33 million• Project Savings: $6.3 million
at billed rates with 5.3 year payback
ECI project savings% energy savings from ECI project
Steam: 126,000 klbs 21%
Chilled Water: 5,000,000 ton-hrs 25%
Electric: 19,000,000 kwh 17%
April 2018 58
• Retro commissioning –24 month typical cycle goal central mechanical Cx–36 month cycle space Cx
• Empower staff with savings metrics• Fully involve building managers/directors• Feedback after the work is complete• All repairs paid for by maintenance budget
Conservation focused preventive maintenanceEnergy Conservation Controls Team (ECCT)
59April 2018
April 2018 60
• Non-Techie, Eye Friendly
• Easy to set up competitions
• Quick look at building usage
• Social media• Open to all
• SAS application• Began 2011,
converting to HTML5 in 2017
Building Dashboard
http://buildingdashboard.net/cornell/#/cornellbuildingdashboard.cornell.edu
April 2018 61
• EMCS Portal– Techie
• Real time energy use by facility/ Utility
• Download to CSV/Excel
• Cornell created• Includes weather data• Open to all
Real Time Data Dashboard
http://portal.emcs.cornell.edu/
April 2018 62
• Why does Cornell utilize continuous commissioning in its buildings?
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 63
• Why does Cornell utilize continuous commissioning in its buildings?–To keep HVAC systems in “top tune” and
continuously optimize energy systems to create 5-15% persistant savings and increase reliability/safety/comfort
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 64
• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions
Agenda
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Path to Carbon Neutrality
30% reduction since 2008
April 2018
Making Climate Neutrality a Reality• Actions to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions,
broaden academic research, and enhance educational opportunities and outreach efforts by the year 2050.
• Cornell’s Climate Action Plan (CAP) promotes the education and research needed to generate solutions for the challenges of global warming —and will demonstrate these solutions in campus operations.
Climate Action Plan
April 2018 66
Climate Action Plan
1.Plan space to avoid new buildings
2.Reduce energy demand
3.Use renewable electricity and renewable heat
4.Offset business travel and commuting
Four Tiered Strategy
April 2018 67
• 2MW Cornell Snyder Road Solar Farm online in 2014
• Power Purchase Agreement– Remote/virtual net metered
• 1% campus electric use• Educational array, data
access, w/RECs• $0 Cornell capital, no
premium for green power, hedge effect
8MW projects complete at three other sites (4 systems) with RECs• Very difficult utility interconnection issues, all worked out with PSC/NYSEGFuture projects community solar (18 MW)• All projects third party, no cost to Cornell, RECs included• Changes to net metering, NY-Sun program, federal tax credit 68
Off Campus Renewable Energy
August 3, 2016
April 2018 69
Earth Source Heat and Peaking Bioenergy
Climate Action PlanSLCAG Report
Solutions for Today:• Conserve energy in existing buildings
• Build high-performance buildings
• Increase electric vehicle capacity
• Renewable power projects
• Campus engagement: Think Big, Live
Green initiative
• Campus-wide climate literacy
• Utilizing campus as a living
laboratoryApril 2018 70
Climate Action PlanSLCAG Report: Solutions
April 2018 71
April 2018 72
• What are the large changes that have resulted in a 30% reduction in calculated total carbon equivalent emissions for Cornell?
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 73
• What are the large changes that have resulted in a 30% reduction in calculated total carbon equivalent emissions for Cornell?–Combined heat and power–Elimination of coal–Energy conservation continuous commissioning –Energy conservation projects
Pop Quiz Questions
April 2018 74
Questions