sustainable energy options for the water industry winston moore (phd) department of economics...
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Sustainable Energy Options for the Water IndustryWinston Moore (PhD)Department of EconomicsUniversity of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus
Overview
The link between energy and water
Motivation for adopting sustainable energy options in the Caribbean
Policy options for reform
Recommendations
Link between energy and water…
The link between energy and water
Watershed planning & management
Equitable allocation between
consumptive and non-consumptive
uses
Cost recovery pricing
Multi-stakeholder participation in
governance
Innovations
The link between energy and water
(cont’d) Rio +20
“we consider [the] green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication as one of the important tools for achieving sustainable development …”
Water and energy efficiency were identified as critical components of a green economy and sustainable development.
The link between energy and water
(cont’d) Identified options for greening the economy of Barbados
Key cross-cutting issues were:
Water
Waste
Energy
Advancing Caribbean States’ Sustainable Development Agenda through Green Economy (ACSSD-GE)• Endorsed by the 37th
Special Meeting of COTED
• US$1.55 million• Support for technical
assistance, capacity building, investment reforms, etc.
The link between energy and water
(cont’d) Water for energy
VINLEC
DOMLEC
Micro-hydro generators in Cuba
Motivation for adopting sustainable energy options in the Caribbean…
Caribbean Small States OECD0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of total)
%
Comparative Fossil Fuel Consumption
Trends in Electricity Production
Caribbean
2000
2003
2006
2009
0100000000200000000300000000400000000500000000
Electricity from Renewable
Sources
OECD
2000
2004
2008
0500000000000
1000000000000150000000000020000000000002500000000000
Electricity from Renewable
Sources
Efficiency of Energy Use
Caribbean Caribbean (without Trinidad
& Tobago )
Small States Pacific Small States
OECD0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
GDP per unit of Energy Use (PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)GDP per unit of energy use (constant 2005 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
$
Jamaica - National Water Commission’s
Operating Expenses
Labour31%
Repairs and Maintenance
10%Administration18%
Electric-ity
37%
Other expenses4%
2013
St. Lucia’s Water and Sewage Company Inc.
Electricity32%
Other ex-
penses68%
2011
Barbados Water Authority
Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination plant
energy consumption (1kWh/m3)
Solar array installed to defray electricity costs
Motivation for adopting sustainable energy options in the
Caribbean
Jamaica-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
5% Rise in Energy Prices10% Rise in Energy Prices25% Rise in Energy Prices
% o
f Tota
l A
ssets
Links to the green economy…
Water industry energy use
‘Dynamic’ and ‘Smart’ link between energy demand and supply for the water industry
Renewable energy can be used to:backup an unpredictable supply
reduce the cost of energy
Cost of Various Renewable Energy
Technologies
Wind (on-sh
ore), 10,000 kW
Biomass co
generation, 2
0000 kW
Wind (off-sh
ore), 300000 kW
Hybrid PV/Therm
al, 2kW
PV Thin Film Fixed, 5
0 kW
Wind, 10 kW
PV high-efficiency fixed, 5
0 kW0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
US$/k
Wh
Break-even oil price
Wind (on-sh
ore), 10,000 kW
Biomass co
generation, 2
0000 kW
Wind (off-sh
ore), 300000 kW
Hybrid PV/Therm
al, 2kW
PV Thin Film Fixed, 5
0 kW
Wind, 10 kW
PV high-efficiency fixed, 5
0 kW0
40
80
120
160
200
US$/b
arr
el
Capital costs
Hybrid PV/Therm
al, 2kW
PV Thin Film Fixed, 5
0 kW
Wind, 10 kW
PV high-efficiency fixed, 5
0 kW0.0
50000.0
100000.0
150000.0
200000.0
250000.0
300000.0
US$
Reducing Energy Costs in Water and Waste-Water Facilities: The Case of
BarbadosVariable frequency drives
PV systems
Natural gas generators at pumping stations
Recommendations…
Recommendations
Consistent with a green growth strategy
Funding options available
Social benefits of many technologies should also be taken into account