t7 b18 pilot training info- power point- 1-13-04 9-11 commission briefing- flight training 538

8/14/2019 T7 B18 Pilot Training Info- Power Point- 1-13-04 9-11 Commission Briefing- Flight Training 538

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Flight Standards Service

9/11 Commission BrieFlight Trainingj January 13, 2004

John AllenDeputy Director, Flight Standards S


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Background and AnalTypes of Flight Schools- PartGlschool

Typically a fixed base operator offering fuel, ahangar storage, flight training Typically use standard but not FAA-approved Applicants have to meet knowledge and skills

61 and practical test standards- Part 141 certificate FAAapproves curricula Approved curricula allow for certification at festated in regulations Applicants have to meet same standards If lose 141certificate, can operate as a part 61- Part 142 training center Approved curricula for specific aircraft or syst Applicants have to meet same standards


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Background and AnalImmediately after 9/11, from a list of the 19supplied by the FBI, we searched our FAArecords.Six of the terrorists on board the hijacked aFAA certificates:

ranging from private pilot to commerciaall had instrument ratingsnone had type ratings (for aircraft largerpounds) XUL^^^all except one had multiengine ratingsone was a flight instructor - U A K > T O O P -none were flight engineers


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Background and AnalFive of the six trained mainly in Florida, frombase operators to FlightSafety InternationalRiddle Aeronautical University.One of the six trained mainly in Arizona, at vbased operators and at Pan Am Flight AcadThe oldest was 33 (Atta),the others rangedto 29.Flight experience ranged from a low of 100hbetween 300 and 400 hours.1

'This is based on total flight time entered on their last airmen certificate applications o


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Background and AnalFAA aviation safety inspector responsibilities- With oursystem ofdesignees, inspectors reviewdocuments submitted by designees-

Application filled out correctly. Applicant properly identified. All necessary paperwork attached. Designee conducted certification according to stanregulations.

- Inspectors mayre-examineanyapplicant for safet- Inspectors havesafety oversight over flight schoocenters.- Inspectors report possible criminal conduct orac

related to drug interdiction).- Inspectors respond to law enforcement inquiries.- Inspectors investigate accidents, Incidents, or saevents.


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Background and AnalIn June 2002 preparation for Congressional 9/11Flight Standardspolled its aviation safety inspecdetermine what if anypre-9/11 contact they had terrorists andterrorism suspects.- Memorandum sent to all regions (9) to beforward

offices (100)- Attached list of 19 known hijackers, high level al-Qand terror suspects Zacarias Moussaoui- Replies forwarded to asingle focal point who inveincidents of any inspector interaction with any of tthe listTwo inspector replies received involving-- Known hijacker Hani Hanjoor- Terror suspect Zacarias Moussaoui


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Background and AnalIncident #1: Jet Tech Training Center, Phoenix,- Inspector with safety oversight responsibility for

737 ground school class with Hani Hanjoor in Jan Inspector had previously worked for Saudi Airlines Inspector hadserved in Air America during Vietnam Employeesof Jet Tech indicated to the inspector thHanjoor met requirement to "read, speak, and unde(Hanjoor hadattendedat least two English languagand California!) Engaged Hanjoor in conversation about where he wwas in the class Nothing about Hanjoor's behavior or interaction witaroused any suspicions or led him to question Hanqualification

- Inspector had nofurther contact with Hanjoor2Hanjoor was re-taking the ground school because he had failed the oral tesschool in December 2000.


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Background and AnalIncident#1Con'd- March 2001 JetTech contacted inspector after Haoral test a second time

Inspector re-checked Hanjoor's airman file and founorder Inspector reviewed the history of the designee whoHanjoor and found nothing out of order Inspector reported this to Jet Tech,who transferredrecords3 to their main office in Miami, FL and referremain office

- Inspector wasextensively debriefed by the FBI an9/11

- JetTech ceased operations rather than payfines eenforcement actions brought by this same inspec

3These records were subsequently seized by the FBI after 9/1 1.


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Background and AnalIncident #2, Pan Am Flight International4, Mi- InAugust 2001 inspector with safety oversight oconducting a records review in a conference room- An instructor asked herwhat she thought of a stucash for simulator time for a B-747 who only wan

to fly en-route, not takeoff and land- Inspector indicated the regulations do not precluwealthy owners of private, transport aircraft often- The instructor did notprovide a name or national- Several days after this inquiry, the inspector wasoffice by the FBI with a request to run a name thr

databases to determine if the person had a pilot's4Not affiliated with Pan Am Airlines


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Background and AnalIncident #2 con'd- Thename provided by the FBIagent wasZacar

Inspector reported that Moussaoui had a student Inspector had no suspicions because the office henforcement before

- After 9/11 inspector recognized Moussaoui's namreports and connected him with the instructor's r- Inspector had nodirect contact with Moussaoui- As of July 2002 inspector was notdebriefed or cFBI beyond the pre-9/11 inquiry on Moussaoui- All information on this incident wasprovided to tCongressional 9/11 committee- Moussaoui also took some flight training atAirmin Norman, Oklahoma


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Background and AnalIncident #3, Miami International Ai-December 2000, known hijackers Mohand Marwan al-Shehhi left a C-172 onleading to a taxiway near the general

of Miami International Airport Atta and al-Shehhi had rented the airplaneAviation in Florida While waiting for clearance to depart MiamAirport, the C-172 engine beganto "miss"al-Shehhi shut the aircraft down andwent

contact Huffman Aviation Huffman Aviation could not retrieve untilAtta and al-Shehhi departedthe airport by>

ex


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Background and AnalIncident #3 Con'd- This did notqualify as anaccident or an incidMiami traffic was impeded so no investigatio- FAA nspectors notasked to investigate untiwhen a NYTimes article characterizedthe inhaving "blocked a runway"

Theaircraft did not block a runwayor impedetraffic Air traffic did not report the event to Flight Staincident nor did they have a recordof theeven Inspectors concluded that no regulations or pviolated


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Terrorists WhoHadFAA CertiMohamed NMN5 Atta (Citizenship: Egy- DOB: 09/01/1968- Approximately 250total flight hours (based onenairman application dated 12/21/2000)-Commercial Pilot, Airplane Multiengine Land, InAirplane; Private pilot privileges in airplane single- First certificate issued: 9/18/2000 (Private, issueHuffman Aviation)- Last certificate issued: 12/21/2000 (CommercialFlorida at Huffman Aviation)- Various permanent addresses given for Florida- Took flying lessons atAirman Flight School, Nor

Huffman Aviation in Venice, Florida; Jones Aviat" Florida; obtained Boeing flight simulator trainingand Pan Am International in Opatocka, Florida

5stanc s for "no middle name'


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Terrorists W h o H ad F A A Cert^Marwan Yousef Alshehhi (Citizenship: U- DOB; 05/09/1978

- Approximately 245total flight hours (based oneairman application dated 12/21/2000)- Commercial Pilot, Airplane Multiengine Land, In

Airplane, Private Pilot privileges in airplane sing- First Certificate issued: 09/09/2000 (Private, issHuffman Aviation)- Last Certificate issued: 12/21/2000 (CommerciFlorida at Huffman)

- Various permanent addresses in Florida; same- Took flying lessons atAirman Flight School, Nor

Huffman Aviation in Venice, Florida; Jones AviaFlorida; obtained Boeing flight simulator trainingand Pan Am International in Opalocka, Florida


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Terrorists W h o Had FAA CertiWaleed AhmedAl-Shehri (Citizenship:Arabia)- DOB: 01/01/1976- Approximately 250total flight hours (based one

airman application dated 02/24/1996)- Commercial Pilot - Airplane Single andMultieng- Instrument Airplane-Flight Instructor-Airplane Single Engine, Instru- First Certificate Issued: 03/01/1995 (Private, EmAeronautical University-ERAU)- Flight Instructor Certificate Issued: 12/10/1997 (- Last Rating Issued to Commercial certificate: 3/(Addition of multiengine rating, ERAU)

6No indication that CFI was renewed; should have been renewed 12/99 and


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Terrorists Who HadFAA CertZiadNMN7 Jarrah (Citizenship: Lebano- DOB: 05/11/1975- Approximately 100 total flight hours (based oneairman application dated 11/15/2000)-Private Pilot, Airplane Single Engine Land, Instr-First Certificate Issued: 08/05/2000 (Private, issFlorida Flight Training Center)- Last Certificate Issued: 11/15/2000 (Addition o

to private certificate, issued in Florida at FloridaCenter)- Permanent address given asHamburg, German- All primary flight training takenat Florida Flight

took Boeing flight simulator training at AeroservCenter, Virginia Gardens, Florida7stands for "no middle name"Note: Atta, al-Shehhi, and Jarrah were considered by authorities to be thehijackers were considered the "muscle" ' \Lw


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Terrorists W ho H a d F A A Certii Saleh Hanjoor (Citizenship: SaudiA- DOB: 08/30/1972- Approximately 250total flight hours (based oneairman application dated 4/13/1999)- Commercial Pilot, Airplane Multiengine Land, InsAirplane, Private Pilot privileges airplane single e- First Certificate Issued: 04/23/1998 (Private, aft04/1 6/1 9988, issued in Arizona)- Last Certificate Issued: 04/15/1999 (Addition ofrating to Commercial certificate, issued in Arizon- Permanent address given asMesa, Arizona

8Reasons fo r failure: VOR interception of radials, coordinated turns to head


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CertifWali Ayedh Al-Ghamdi (Cijizenship: Sa- DOB: 06/28/1976~ . - Approximately 322total flight hours (based onenairman application dated 10/13/1998)

- Commercial Pilot, Airplane Multiengine Land, InsAirplane, Private Pilot privileges airplane single e- First Certificate Issued: 06/11/1996 (Private, issu

Saudi Arabia9)- Last Certificate Issued: 10/13/1998 (Addition of

rating to Commercial certificate, Flight Safety, Ve9Saudi Airlines employee identification used as required picture ID


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Background and Anal^Hijacked flights and hijackers with U.S.Flight Departed Probable Hijacker AA Flight 11 BOSUA Flight 175 BOSAA Flight 77 IADUA Flight 93 EWR

AttaMarwan al-ShehhiHanjoorJarrah

10Based on information from FBI11crashed in PA


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PrivatePilot- AeronauticalKnowledgApplicable FAA regulationsHow to report accidents, what conaccidentHow to use of the aeronautical puHow to navigate using charts, laninstruments in visual conditionsRadio communication proceduresRecognition of critical weather sitSafe and efficient operation of aircincluding collision avoidance andand avoidanceof wake turbulence


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PrivatePilot - Aeronautical Knowledg- Effects ofatmospheric conditionsaircraft performance- How tocompute weight and bala- Basic aerodynamics and basic knof engines aircraft systems- Stall awareness,spin entry, spinsrecovery techniques- Aeronautical decision making andjudgement- Preflight preparationsobtaining

necessary information for the flighplanning for alternatives


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Private Pilot- Flight SkillsAirplane single-engine land:- Preflight preparation- Preflight procedures- Airport and seaplane base operations- Takeoffs, landings, andgo-arounds- Performance maneuvers- Ground reference maneuvers- Navigation- Slow flight and stalls- Basic instrument maneuvers- Emergency operations- Night operations- Postflight procedures


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Private Pilot - Aeronautical ExperiencAirplane single-engine rating (minim-40hours offlight time Includes at least 20hours fromauthorized instructor

Includes at least 10 hours of sotraining-3hours ofcross-country flight tra- 3hours ofnight flight training tha Onecross-country flight of ove 10 takeoffs and landings to a fu


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Private Pilot- Aeronautical Experienc>f Airplane single-engine rating (minimu-3hours of instrument flying-3hours of flight training to preparepractical test

- 10 hours ofsolo time, consisting o 5 hours solo cross-country Onesolo cross-countryflight of miles Three takeoffs and three landingwith an operating control tower


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Instrument Rating RequirementsPrerequisite - hold aPrivate Pilot CertificateAeronautical knowledge:FAA Regulations that apply to flying in instrumenAeronautical publications pertaining to flying insconditionsAir traffic control procedures while flying in instruNavigating and approaching to land solely by useinstrumentsUsing instrument navigation and approach proceProcurement and use of aviation weather reportsSafe and efficient operation of aircraft under instrrules and conditionsRecognition of critical weather situations andwinavoidance

Aeronautical decision making and udgementCrew resource management, including crew comcoordination


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Instrument Rating - Aeronautical Experienc*> Airplane single-engine rating:

- At least 50hours ofcross-country flight timecommand, of which at least 10hours must b- A total of40hours ofactual orsimulated ins At least 15 hours of instrument training from ainstructor At least3 hoursof instrument training in preppractical test At leastonecross-country flight under instrumconsisting of:

- At least 250 miles along airways orATC-direct- An instrument approach ateach airport- Three different kinds of approaches

- 30hours may be in aflight simulator or flighdevice if the training is in accordance with aprogram (under part 142) - 20 hours if not.


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Instrument Rating - Flight SkillsRghtsre.ated toa,, other certificPreflight preparation ^Preflight proceduresA ir traffic control clearances and procFlight by reference to instrumentsNavigation systemsIns t rument approach proceduresEmergency operationsPostflight procedures


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Commercial Pilot RequirementsPrerequisite - hold aPrivate Pilot CertificateAeronautical knowledge areas include everythingpilot certificate plus:- Meteorology to include recognition of critical wsituations,windshear recognition andavoidancuseof aeronautical weather reports andforeca- Use ofperformance charts- Significance and effectsofexceeding aircraft plimitations- Use of airnavigation facilities- Maneuvers, procedures,andemergency operatappropriate to theaircraft- Night andhigh-altitude operations- Procedures for operating within the National AirSystem


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Commercial Pilot - Flight SkillsFor airplanemultiengine:- Preflight preparation- Preflight procedures- Airport andseaplane base operations- Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds- Performancemaneuvers- Navigation- Emergency operations- Multiengine operations- High-altitude operations- Postflightprocedures


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Commercial Pilot - Aeronautical Experien20 hours of training relatingof operation, consisting of:

- 10hours of instrument training of wh5 hours must be in amultiengine air- 10hours of training in amultienginehas retractable landing gear- One cross-country flight of at leastmultiengine airplane in day VFRcondistance of more that 100 miles fromorigin-One cross-country flight of at leastmultiengine airplane in NIGHT VFR cwith adistance of more that 100mile

of origin- 3hours in amultiengine in preparatpractical test


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Commercial Pilot Aeronautical Experien

10 hours of solo flight time opilot-in-command with an in-One cross country flight oless than 300 miles-5 hours in night VFR condwith 10 takeoffs and 10 lan


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'ossible Scenarios - Based onHijackers' TrainScenario #1: Commandeer a large aircraft alreadyVFR conditions:

Needs only rudimentary "maneuvering flight" skillsDepending on the category, class, and type of aircrafdevelop sufficient skills to safely act as PIG in aboutcomplex aircraft, and proportionately more for more cIf a device that can simulate the flight deck and flightused, the learning and training experience can be enBottom line: Private Pilot ASEL with flight training dev(Microsoft Simulator) would sufficeScenario #2: Commandeer a large aircraft alreadyIFR conditions:Need maneuvering flight and instrument flight skillsPrivate Pilot ASEL, instrument rating with flight traininaugmentationScenario #3: Commandeer a transport aircraft (largon the ground

Need maneuvering, instrument, and large multi-enginexperiencePrivate Pilot ASEL, instrument rating, Commercial Pi


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t7 b18 pilot training info- power point- 1-13-04 9-11 commission briefing- flight training 538

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