teaching animal welfare in chile and some ......teaching animal welfare in chile and some schools of...

TEACHING ANIMAL WELFARE IN TEACHING ANIMAL WELFARE IN CHILE AND SOME SCHOOLS OF CHILE AND SOME SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN LATIN VETERINARY MEDICINE IN LATIN

AMERICAAMERICA

NNÉÉSTOR A. TADICH B. MV, Ph.D.STOR A. TADICH B. MV, Ph.D.

DEANDEAN

FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCEFACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILEUNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE

Universidad Austral de Chile

FROM A DISTANT COUNTRYFROM A DISTANT COUNTRY……

VETERINARY HOSPITALVETERINARY HOSPITAL

Universidad Austral de ChileUniversidad Austral de Chile

ASPECTS TO CONSIDERASPECTS TO CONSIDER

� CURRENT SITUATION OF AW IN LATIN AMERICA

� CURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN CHILE AND LATIN AMERICA

� ARE WE PREPARED TO INCLUDE THE AW TOPIC IN OUR CURRICULA?

� SHOULD WE INCLUDE THE AW TOPIC AS A COURSE ?

� WHAT ASPECTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN AN AW COURSE?

1. 1. LegislationLegislation relatedrelated withwith AWAW

Type of Animals Type of Animals existentexistent Non existentNon existent

–– ProductionProduction 1111 1111

–– Companion Companion 1515 66

–– Working purposesWorking purposes 77 1515

–– Sports/entertainmentSports/entertainment 77 1414

–– LaboratoryLaboratory 1010 1212

–– AquaticsAquatics 66 1616

–– ZooZoo 99 1313

–– CircusCircus 88 1414

GALLO, C. 2006. OIE.

1. 1. Summary of LegislationSummary of Legislation

�� Most of the OIE Regional Comission LA countries DO NOT HAVE a Most of the OIE Regional Comission LA countries DO NOT HAVE a legislation on AW, except for companion animals & livestock.legislation on AW, except for companion animals & livestock.

�� The legislation, when present, is drawn up by the national or lThe legislation, when present, is drawn up by the national or local ocal Competent Authority, which generally is a Veterinary Service. Competent Authority, which generally is a Veterinary Service.

�� The competent authority oversees compliance with AW regulations.The competent authority oversees compliance with AW regulations.There are sanctions for infringing the legislation. Fines , tempThere are sanctions for infringing the legislation. Fines , temporary orary suspension, etc. suspension, etc.

�� Just 4 countries claim to have a legislation based in the OIE Just 4 countries claim to have a legislation based in the OIE standards (Mstandards (Mééxico, Paraguay, Uruguay y Colombia), Chile xico, Paraguay, Uruguay y Colombia), Chile through the Ministry of Agriculture and his Animal Health through the Ministry of Agriculture and his Animal Health Service has been introducing the OIE recomendations on AW Service has been introducing the OIE recomendations on AW and producing Guides of Good Practices for farmers and and producing Guides of Good Practices for farmers and veterinarians. Recently a new law on Animal Protection was veterinarians. Recently a new law on Animal Protection was passed in the Congress (10/3/2009)passed in the Congress (10/3/2009)

Gallo, C. 2006. OIE

2. 2. Degree of importance of AW in different Degree of importance of AW in different American countriesAmerican countries

AspectsAspects Very Very ImportantImportant

ImportantImportant Not relevantNot relevant

Impact on animal Impact on animal

healthhealth

99 99 44

Humane Humane

management of management of

animalsanimals

88 1313 11

Trading (requisites Trading (requisites

of importing of importing

countries)countries)

88 1111 33

Production (losses Production (losses

for the industry)for the industry)

77 1313 22

Consumers Consumers

PerceptionPerception

44 1212 66

2. 2. Summary of the AW issues of general Summary of the AW issues of general concern for producers, industry & consumersconcern for producers, industry & consumers..

�� Husbandry conditions Husbandry conditions

for poultry & pigsfor poultry & pigs

�� Control of stray animals Control of stray animals

�� Slaughtering of animals Slaughtering of animals

for control and for control and

erradication of disease erradication of disease

outbreaksoutbreaks

Gallo, C. 2006. OIE.

3. 3. Education, research and spreading of AW Education, research and spreading of AW topicstopics..

�� In Schools of Veterinary Medicine and other In Schools of Veterinary Medicine and other

educational institutions:educational institutions:

�� In most of the countries (15) the subject of In most of the countries (15) the subject of

AW is taught as part of different courses. AW is taught as part of different courses.

�� In 9 countries there are specific courses.In 9 countries there are specific courses.

�� In 4 countries there are postgraduate In 4 countries there are postgraduate

programmes in AW.programmes in AW.

�� In 7 countries there would be In 7 countries there would be financialfinancial

support for scientific research in AW.support for scientific research in AW.

Gallo, C. 2006. OIE.

LEADERS IN TEACHING & LEADERS IN TEACHING &

RESEARCH AW IN LATIN AMERICARESEARCH AW IN LATIN AMERICA

Dr. Leopoldo Dr. Leopoldo Dr. Leopoldo Dr. Leopoldo EstolEstolEstolEstolArgentinaArgentinaArgentinaArgentina

Dr. Mateus Dr. Mateus Dr. Mateus Dr. Mateus ParanhosParanhosParanhosParanhos

BrasilBrasilBrasilBrasil

Dr. Stella Huertas & Dr. Carmen GalloUruguay & Chile

CURRENTCURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN CHILE. STATE OF AW TEACHING IN CHILE.

�� RESULTS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON AW RESULTS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON AW CARRIED OUT BETWEEN YEARS (2008CARRIED OUT BETWEEN YEARS (2008--2009)2009)

�� TEACHING AT SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY TEACHING AT SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY SCIENCE IN CHILE: (31 schools, 5 traditional and 26 SCIENCE IN CHILE: (31 schools, 5 traditional and 26 private)private)

�� UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR (ETHOLOGY, BIOETHICS)UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR (ETHOLOGY, BIOETHICS)�� UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE since 2006 (AW, farm animals)UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE since 2006 (AW, farm animals)�� UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIUNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓÓN, 2 SCHOOLS. (ETHOLOGY)N, 2 SCHOOLS. (ETHOLOGY)�� UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE (ETHOLOGY, ETHICS, SCIENCE)UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE (ETHOLOGY, ETHICS, SCIENCE)�� UNIVERSIDAD CATUNIVERSIDAD CATÓÓLICA DE TEMUCO (taught in different courses)LICA DE TEMUCO (taught in different courses)�� UNIVERSIDAD DE VIUNIVERSIDAD DE VIÑÑA DEL MAR (not included in de curricula)A DEL MAR (not included in de curricula)

CURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN 31 CURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN 31 SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN LALA

�� QUESTIONNAIRES ANSWERED:QUESTIONNAIRES ANSWERED:

�� 7 SCHOOLS FROM CHILE 7 SCHOOLS FROM CHILE

�� 7 SCHOOLS FROM ARGENTINA7 SCHOOLS FROM ARGENTINA

�� 4 SCHOOLS FROM COLOMBIA4 SCHOOLS FROM COLOMBIA

�� 2 SCHOOLS FROM ECUADOR, 2 FROM BOLIVIA & 2 FROM 2 SCHOOLS FROM ECUADOR, 2 FROM BOLIVIA & 2 FROM MEXICOMEXICO

�� 1 FROM PERU, GUATEMALA, SALVADOR, BRAZIL, 1 FROM PERU, GUATEMALA, SALVADOR, BRAZIL, URUGUAY, VENEZUELA.URUGUAY, VENEZUELA.

�� EXCEPT FOR MEXICO (1993) & ARGENTINA EXCEPT FOR MEXICO (1993) & ARGENTINA (1994) ALL THE OTHER VET SCHOOLS (1994) ALL THE OTHER VET SCHOOLS STARTED COURSES ON ANIMAL WELFARE STARTED COURSES ON ANIMAL WELFARE AFTER YEAR2000.AFTER YEAR2000.

�� 6 SCHOOLS HAVE OPTIONAL COURSES6 SCHOOLS HAVE OPTIONAL COURSES

�� 12 SCHOOLS HAVE COMPULSORY COURSES12 SCHOOLS HAVE COMPULSORY COURSES

�� 11 DO NOT HAVE COURSES ON AW.11 DO NOT HAVE COURSES ON AW.

2 HAVE BOTH (1 OPTIONAL AND 1 2 HAVE BOTH (1 OPTIONAL AND 1 COMPULSORYCOMPULSORY))

CURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN 31 CURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN 31 SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN L.AL.A

�� 6 SCHOOLS HAVE MORE THAN 1 COURSE 6 SCHOOLS HAVE MORE THAN 1 COURSE

�� 12 SCHOOLS HAVE JUST 1 COURSE 12 SCHOOLS HAVE JUST 1 COURSE

�� COURSES ARE DICTATED MAINLY IN THE COURSES ARE DICTATED MAINLY IN THE

SECOND, FOURTH AND FIFTH YEARSECOND, FOURTH AND FIFTH YEAR

�� THEY EMPHASIZE:THEY EMPHASIZE:

�� ETHICAL ASPECTS (20)ETHICAL ASPECTS (20)

�� SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS (16)SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS (16)

�� LEGAL ASPECTS (13)LEGAL ASPECTS (13)

CURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN 31 CURRENT STATE OF AW TEACHING IN 31 SCHOOLS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN L.ASCHOOLS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN L.A

WhenWhen teachingteaching AW AW thethe emphasisemphasis onon differentdifferenttopicstopics isis relatedrelated toto::

�� FARM ANIMALS 14FARM ANIMALS 14

�� COMPANION ANIMALS 10COMPANION ANIMALS 10

�� WORKINGWORKING ANIMALS (HORSES, ANIMALS (HORSES, etcetc) 8) 8

�� ZOO ANIMALS 7ZOO ANIMALS 7

�� LABORATORY 6LABORATORY 6

�� WILD ANIMALS 5WILD ANIMALS 5

�� SomeSome schoolsschools givegive thethe samesame emphasisemphasis toto differentdifferenttopicstopics

�� 27 SCHOOLS INDICATED THAT THE TOPIC OF AW IS 27 SCHOOLS INDICATED THAT THE TOPIC OF AW IS ALSO TAUGHT IN OTHER COURSES.ALSO TAUGHT IN OTHER COURSES.

�� 27 INDICATED THAT AW IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE 27 INDICATED THAT AW IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE IN THEIR COUNTRIES. (this is an academic opinion)IN THEIR COUNTRIES. (this is an academic opinion)

�� JUST 11 INDICATED THE EXISTANCE OF JUST 11 INDICATED THE EXISTANCE OF POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AW IN THEIR POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES IN AW IN THEIR FACULTIES (MSc and few Ph.D).FACULTIES (MSc and few Ph.D).

�� 18 POINTED OUT THAT THEY DO RESEARCH IN 18 POINTED OUT THAT THEY DO RESEARCH IN THE SUBJECT OF AW. THE SUBJECT OF AW.



MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS OF RESEARCHMOST IMPORTANT TOPICS OF RESEARCH N

HUMANE SLAUGHTERHUMANE SLAUGHTER 13

WILD ANIMALS WILD ANIMALS 12

TRANSPORTTRANSPORT 11

HUSBANDRY OF ANIMALS (PIGS, POULTRY, COWS)HUSBANDRY OF ANIMALS (PIGS, POULTRY, COWS) 10

STRAY ANIMALS (DOGS)STRAY ANIMALS (DOGS) 8

LABORATORY ANIMALSLABORATORY ANIMALS 7

WORKING ANIMALSWORKING ANIMALS 6

SLAUGHTER DURING OUTBREAKSSLAUGHTER DURING OUTBREAKS 2

ANIMALS USED FOR TRADITIONAL FESTIVITIES & ANIMALS USED FOR TRADITIONAL FESTIVITIES &

SPORTSSPORTS2

Number of Schools of Veterinary Medicine (Brazil)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Veterinary Medicine

Number of Schools

Total

Teaching AW

Independent

course in AW

Molento, C. 2008.

SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT THE SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT THE TEACHING OF ANIMAL TEACHING OF ANIMAL

WELFARE IN THE FACULTIES OF WELFARE IN THE FACULTIES OF VETERINARY SCIENCE IN LATIN VETERINARY SCIENCE IN LATIN

AMERICA.AMERICA.

Constraints or Limitations (university)Constraints or Limitations (university)

�� Lack of staff trained in AW concepts. Improving Lack of staff trained in AW concepts. Improving ☺☺

�� Overloaded Curricula (in Overloaded Curricula (in LA,LA, vets deal with animal vets deal with animal

production, public health, as well as medical aspects). production, public health, as well as medical aspects).

�� Lack of financial support for research in AW (it is still Lack of financial support for research in AW (it is still

considered as a considered as a ““fashionfashion”” with no practical application).with no practical application).

�� Lack of research and postgraduate programmes Lack of research and postgraduate programmes

related to AW. Improving related to AW. Improving ☺☺

Constraints or Limitations (society)Constraints or Limitations (society)

Cultural (traditions where animals are used, rodeo, bull fighting, rooster fights, traditional ceremonies).


�� Country economy (high percentage of people living in Country economy (high percentage of people living in

marginal conditions marginal conditions ““human wellhuman well--beingbeing””).).


�� Lack of appropriate legislation to support the Lack of appropriate legislation to support the

application of AW recommendations (transport, application of AW recommendations (transport,

humane slaughter, stray dogs, working animals). humane slaughter, stray dogs, working animals).

NeedNeed to to improveimprove conditions during long conditions during long distance transportsdistance transports ......

Need Need to improveto improve humane slaughter at the abattoirshumane slaughter at the abattoirs


�� Consumers are not fully aware of the Consumers are not fully aware of the

meaning of AW and they are NOT willing meaning of AW and they are NOT willing

to pay more for a product produced to pay more for a product produced

under AW standards.under AW standards.


�� Distrust towards the people who encourage Distrust towards the people who encourage

the observance of AW standards at farm or the observance of AW standards at farm or

industry levels, confusion with radical industry levels, confusion with radical

animal rights groups.animal rights groups.

ARE WE QUALIFIED FOR TEACHING AW TO OUR ARE WE QUALIFIED FOR TEACHING AW TO OUR STUDENTS ?STUDENTS ?

�� DO WE HAVE THE HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINED IN THE DO WE HAVE THE HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINED IN THE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF AW?DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF AW?

�� DO WE HAVE AN ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WHICH DO WE HAVE AN ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WHICH ASPECTS SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE TEACHING OF ASPECTS SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE TEACHING OF AW?AW?

�� DO WE HAVE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE RELATED WITH DO WE HAVE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE RELATED WITH AW?AW?

�� DOES ADEQUATE LEGISLATION EXIST TO SUSTAIN WHAT DOES ADEQUATE LEGISLATION EXIST TO SUSTAIN WHAT WE ARE TEACHING TO THE STUDENTS?WE ARE TEACHING TO THE STUDENTS?

ASPECTS THAT SHOULD BE ASPECTS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDEREDCONSIDERED IN THE IN THE TEACHING OF ANIMAL WELFARE.TEACHING OF ANIMAL WELFARE.

�� ETHICSETHICS

�� SCIENCESCIENCE

�� LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

SHOULD ANIMAL WELFARE BE INCLUDED AS AN SHOULD ANIMAL WELFARE BE INCLUDED AS AN INDEPENDENT COURSE?INDEPENDENT COURSE?

�� YES !!! VETERINARIANS SHOULD BE THE YES !!! VETERINARIANS SHOULD BE THE MAIN PROMOTERS OF AW. MAIN PROMOTERS OF AW.

�� WE SUGGEST A COMPULSORY COURSE IN SECOND YEAR WE SUGGEST A COMPULSORY COURSE IN SECOND YEAR AND AN OPTIONAL ADVANCED (APPLIED) COURSE IN THE AND AN OPTIONAL ADVANCED (APPLIED) COURSE IN THE FIFTH YEARFIFTH YEAR

�� BUT WE NEED TO CONSIDER THE NEXT PREMISESBUT WE NEED TO CONSIDER THE NEXT PREMISES::

�� TO STANDARDIZE WHAT WE ARE TEACHINGTO STANDARDIZE WHAT WE ARE TEACHING�� TO TRAIN OUR STAFF ON THE SUBJECTTO TRAIN OUR STAFF ON THE SUBJECT�� NOT TO TEACH MORE THAN NOT TO TEACH MORE THAN NECESSARYNECESSARY�� TO PROMOTE RESEARCH IN THE SUBJECTTO PROMOTE RESEARCH IN THE SUBJECT�� TO PROMOTE A LEGISLATION IN RELATIONSHIP TO THE STATE TO PROMOTE A LEGISLATION IN RELATIONSHIP TO THE STATE

OF DEVELOPMENT OF EACH COUNTRY.OF DEVELOPMENT OF EACH COUNTRY.

FIRST REGIONAL MEETING OF FIRST REGIONAL MEETING OF

RESEARCHERS IN ANIMAL WELFARE IN RESEARCHERS IN ANIMAL WELFARE IN

THE AMERICASTHE AMERICAS

PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONSPRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS

�� 2.2.-- To collaborate in the production of information based on scientTo collaborate in the production of information based on scientific ific studies supporting the application of the OIE standards in AW anstudies supporting the application of the OIE standards in AW and to d to offer support to the region in order to bring into practice thosoffer support to the region in order to bring into practice those e standards.standards.

�� 4.4.-- To create capacities, to promote To create capacities, to promote research, training, education research, training, education and and transfer of good practices to improve AWtransfer of good practices to improve AW, through coordinated , through coordinated actions in the region with special emphasis in its impact on humactions in the region with special emphasis in its impact on human an health, health, zoonoseszoonoses, animal health and the , animal health and the environment.environment.

�� --5.5.-- To stimulate the To stimulate the introduction of AW into the curriculum of the introduction of AW into the curriculum of the schools of veterinary medicine in the region. schools of veterinary medicine in the region.

A BRIGTH FUTURE !!!!A BRIGTH FUTURE !!!!

REFERENCESREFERENCES

�� Broom, D. 2005. Animal Welfare education: development and Broom, D. 2005. Animal Welfare education: development and prospects. J. Vet. Med. Educ., 32: 438prospects. J. Vet. Med. Educ., 32: 438--441.441.

�� Chile, 2004. The institutionalization of Animal Welfare, a requiChile, 2004. The institutionalization of Animal Welfare, a requirement rement for its regulatory, scientific and productive development. Santifor its regulatory, scientific and productive development. Santiago, ago, Chile.Chile.

�� Gallo, C. 2006. Animal Welfare in the Americas. Compendium of Gallo, C. 2006. Animal Welfare in the Americas. Compendium of technical items presented to the International Committee or to technical items presented to the International Committee or to Regional Commissions of the OIE. Paris, France.Regional Commissions of the OIE. Paris, France.

�� Main, DC, Thornton P., Kerr K. 2005. Teaching Animal Welfare Main, DC, Thornton P., Kerr K. 2005. Teaching Animal Welfare Science, Ethics and Law to veterinary students in the UK. J. VetScience, Ethics and Law to veterinary students in the UK. J. Vet. . Med. Educ., 32:505Med. Educ., 32:505--508.508.

�� Molento, C. 2008. Teaching Animal Welfare in the Veterinary Molento, C. 2008. Teaching Animal Welfare in the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry Courses. I Brazilian Conference ofMedicine and Animal Husbandry Courses. I Brazilian Conference ofBioethic and Animal Welfare. Bioethic and Animal Welfare.

�� Tadich, N. Teaching Animal Welfare at the University Austral of Tadich, N. Teaching Animal Welfare at the University Austral of Chile. 2008. Universidad de San Marcos Lima , PerChile. 2008. Universidad de San Marcos Lima , Perúú

teaching animal welfare in chile and some ......teaching animal welfare in chile and some schools of...

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