Locsins Theory

Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing by Rozzano C. Locsin

Ferris State UniversityNursing 501Reviewed by Jennifer Scott, Constance Vanderboon,Sandra Hannon1This is a group review of Rozanno Locsins Theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing.By Jennifer Scott, Constance Vanderboon and Sandra Hannon

Master Copy1OBJECTIVESThe student will be able to:Define Locsins theoryIdentify nursing metaparadgim conceptsIdentify the criteria for evaluating Locsins TheoryDescribe the purpose of research article

2The student will be able to:Define Locsins theory of Technological Competency as Caring in NursingIdentify nursing metaparadgim concepts within that theoryIdentify the criteria for evaluating Locsins TheoryDescribe the purpose of research article, Valuing Caring Behaviors Within Simulated Emergent Nursing Situations

2Objectives continuedIdentify how Locsins Theory was reflected in the research articleIdentify how in the research article would have been different without the frameworkDescribe how the theory could be applied in practiceIdentify the tie between theory and practiceIdentify the importance to differentiating nursing knowledge from other disciplines

3Identify how Locsins Theory was reflected in the research article Valuing Caring Behaviors Within Simulated Emergent Nursing SituationsIdentify how the research article would have been different without the frameworkDescribe how the theory could be applied in practiceIdentify the tie between theory and practiceIdentify the importance to differentiating nursing knowledge from other disciplines

3Overview of TheoryTechnological competency as caring is the skilled demonstration of intentional, deliberate, and authentic activities by experienced nurses who practice in environments requiring technological expertise.

KnowingDesigningImplementing & Evaluating Verifying Knowledge Locsin & Waraporn, 2011, p. 30

4Locsin and Waraporn state that Technological competency as caring is a nursing phenomenon, the skilled demonstration of intentional, purposeful, and authentic activities of nurses in patient care environments requiring technological expertise. What this statement means is nursing needs to balance patient care and the technology used in that care without the nurse loosing their focus of the patient rendering them invisible.

Razzano Locsin introduced the theory Technological competency as caring in nursing in 2004.

Technological competency as caring in nursing is a four-phased nursing process:The phases listed illustrate how practicing nurses are guided from a theory-based perspective in their practice -

Knowing the person involves understanding the patients as participants rather than objects of their care and the patient will let the nurse know only what they want them to know. Technology is used to gain further knowledge and essentially becomes a representation of the real person but only in that moment of time.

In designing both the nurse and the patient mutually plan care activities in response to the patient's desires.

Implementing & Evaluating is a stage of the process that alternates implementation and evaluation of care activities that reflect the process of knowing the patient either through the patient themselves or through the use of technology.

In verifying knowledge, the ways of knowing persons is made known through the use of technologies and nursing the nurse gains an appreciation of expertise and autonomy, and the knowledge of persons in the moment.

4 Paradigm ConceptsHealthNursing Environment Person

Locsins Theoretical FrameworkLocsin, 2006, p. 381Masters, 2012, p. 48Future, 2011

5There are 4 metaparadigm concepts. Health, Nursing, Environment and PersonIn relations to Locins theory within the health paradigm

The concept of Health is having the Patient participate in their own health. And in using technologies to better understand the hemodynamics of the patient to provide the best care and meet their individual needs

Nursing is described As a discipline and a specialized practice that uses technologies to individualize care to meet the unique needs of the person

Environment is in the surroundings that use technology. such as a critical care unit to understand the persons as a complete moment by moment. Increased technological monitoring allows for greater insight of whole state of health. Nurses must be efficient and proficient with technologies without losing focus on the person as a whole.

The last concept is Person. The person who is also the recipient of nursing care has desires, dreams, and ambitions are to live life completely as caring persons. They also want to feel acknowledged as a unique person with hopes and dreams and not as an object

5EvaluationAccuracyTechnology continues to evolve and encompasses the majority of functional activities that nurses are expected to perform, especially in a clinical setting.SimplicityThe relationships noted in Locsins theory include three main components of caring in nursing, human beings as persons, and technological competence

Dudley-Brown, 1997, p. 80 Locsin, 2006, p. 382

6Dudley Browns criteria was used In evaluating Locins theory of technological competency as caring

Based on his criteria, Locins theory is accurate because of the use and application of the theory and is current with todays nursing practices.Technologies continue to evolve and encompasses the majority of functional activities the nurse is expected to perform in a clinical setting. Locisns theory provides an understanding of how technologies can assist the nurse in understanding the patient as whole and unique and to use the data to focus care on the individual and not on tasks.

SIMPLICITY Locisns theory is simple in that is focuses on the relationships of a few concepts.The relationships in the theory are: caring in nursing, human beings as persons and technological competency. These concept relationships demonstrate the need to be knowledgeable with technologies, and use the data to provide individualized nursing care to facilitate the best outcomes for the patients.

6Evaluation ContinuedScopeThe scope of Locsins theory is narrow using technology, caring, and knowing personsAcceptanceThe broad concepts of caring and technology have been applied to nursing and critical care practice by a number of authors, including Locsin. These authors have taken the use of caring and technology in the direction of an optimistic, holistic view.

Price, 2013, p. 280Dudley-Brown, 1997, p. 80

7In continuing to evaluate Locins theory the next is scope. SCOPE- described what is being observed in the theoryThe scope in Locisns midrange theory is narrow because its focus is using technological caring and knowing persons.

ACCEPTANCE questions if the theory used or referenced by other nurses in literature.Broad concepts of caring and technologies have been applied to nursing in the Critical care setting by a number of authors. Price uses Locisns theory within her article Caring and Technology in the Intensive Care Unit and how the nurse must be focused and present when caring for the patient. Locsin and these Authors have taken the concepts of caring and technology in the direction of optimistic and holistic view.

7Evaluation ContinuedSocio-cultural UtilityNursing occurs in critical care settings when technologies are used competently with the genuine purpose to know patients wholly, who are in the course of living and growing in caring.

Locsin, 1998, p. 55Dudley-Brown, 1997, p. 80

8In the last piece of evaluating Locins theory we look at socio-cultural utility or is the theory significant to society and does it make a difference in peoples lives?Nursing occurs in the Critical care setting when technologies are used competently with the genuine purpose of knowing patients wholly, who are in the course of living and growing.

8Valuing Caring Behaviors Within Simulated Emergent Nursing Situations'Terry Eggenberger, RN, PhD(c), Kathryn Keller, RN, PhD, & Rozzano C. Locsin, RN, PhD, FAAN.

9The article we reveiwed is:Valuing Caring Behaviors Within Simulated Emergent Nursing Situations'Written by Terry Eggenberger, RN, PhD(c), Kathryn Keller, RN, PhD, & Rozzano C. Locsin, RN, PhD, FAAN. 9OverviewStudents demonstrate caring behaviors with patients in emergent situations using a simulation lab

THEORY REFLECTEDLocsin presented a foundational viewpoint of technological competency as caring in nursing in which technological knowing demonstrates the focused attention that the nurse makes toward persons as contributors in their care rather than objects of their care.

10Overview:This research study was done to explore how students demonstrate caring behaviors with patients and families in emergent situations using a high-fidelity human simulator. The students were introduced to the simulation lab in attempt to mimic a real world situation of a patient experiencing chest pain who deteriorated rapidly. The students interacted with participants that portrayed a nurse, doctor, patients wife and the simulator Mr. Silver.

THEORY was REFLECTED in the research paper by how Locsins theory was presented a foundational viewpoint of technological competency as caring in nursing in which technological knowing demonstrates the focused attention that the nurse makes toward persons as contributors in their care rather than objects of their care.

10QuestionsHow can a student be taught caring using simulation technology? Can caring nursing be taught using simulation technology?

METHODSQualitative focus group research methodSemi structured group sessionsIntegrating, n.d.

11Questions: 2 questions formulated in this research studyHow can a student be taught caring using simulation technology? Can caring nursing be taught using simulation technology?In analyzing the data, the researches looked for words and statements that described how the students came to know the person being nursed as caring within the simulated situation.METHODSThe study utilized a qualitative focus group research method. The technique uses a semi structured group session, moderated by a group leader, with the purpose of obtaining opinions, beliefs, and attitudes about a designated topic.

11How the study would have been different

Find another study that would have addressed caring and technology

Getting to know the patient

No framework to balance nursing care and technology

Eggenberger, T., Keller, K., & Locsin, R. (2010).

12The study would have been different if Locsins theory was not utilized as the basis of this research. First of all he authors would have had to find another theory that would have addressed caring and technology and the research would not have helped the nursed understand that in the high tech healthcare world that requires much of the nurses attention and expertise that it is still important to remember that there is still a patient to care for. And the practice of balancing both.12Theory in practiceUsing technologies in nursing practice is only one way to know persons as whole

Understand data is only current in the moment Invasive lines

Focus on person in the moment to individualize careVital signs

13Using technologies in practice is one way to know persons as whole Understanding the data obtained is only current in the moment and will change because persons are continually changing.Invasive lines help monitor small changes that could become detrimental to persons health, shows improvement to persons health, and helps in providing appropriate therapy.Using the data to focus on the person in the moment to provide appropriate, individualized careB/Ps and oxometers help determine persons baselines, the opportunity to educate what may be causing these findings and ways to improve or maintain results. Responses to treatment is the blood pressure medication working to help prevent stroke. Is the pain medication working for someone unable to verbalize.

13Theory in practice continuedMaintain current in technologiesSimulated learningMedication scannersDatabases

No technology should be the focus of care. Technologies provide one component to knowing persons complete and in the moment.

14 Keep current on the technologies so they do not overwhelm and become the focus of careUsing simulators to learn how to perform life saving actions as ACLS or how to use new equipment in a lab or class provides a safe environment for nurses to learn and become more efficient with technologies so the technologies do not become the focus of care.Medication scanners prevent wrong medications from being given and preventing harm to personsCreation and use of data bases help to provide nurses access to current information and help provide up to date evidence based information that is accessible any time any place.No technology should be the focus of care. Technologies provide one component to knowing persons complete and in the moment.

14Theory vs. practiceNursing Theory Conclusions of real events and conditions Nursing Practice Actual work performed by nurses.

Relationship, (n.d.).

15Nursing theory consists of a collection of conclusions about real events and conditions that may be applied to real world nursing situations. Like other theories, it is often based on observations and written to be consistent and logical. Nursing practice, on the other hand, refers to the actual work that is performed by nurses.

The major reason for structuring and advancing nursing knowledge is for the sake of nursing practice. The primary purpose of nursing theories is to further the development and understanding of nursing practice. Theory-based research is needed in order to explain and predict nursing outcomes essential to the delivery of nursing care. Because nursing theory exists to improve practice, the test of nursing theory is a test of its usefulness in professional practice. Through use of theory, nurses find different ways of looking at and assessing phenomena, have rationale for their practice and criteria for evaluating outcomes. Development of nursing knowledge is a result of theory-based nursing inquiry. Nursing theory must be seen as practical and useful to practice and the insights of practice must in turn continue to enrich nursing theory.15Importance of nursing knowledgeNursings unique body of knowledge

Theories act as the foundation for nursing practice

Butts, Rich, & Fawcett, 2012Carper, 1978Knowledge, 2005, November 29Mallik, Hall, & Howard, 2009, p. 1 Profession, n.d..

16In conclusion, nurses are the backbone of the health care system. The knowledge that is required to care for patients and families goes beyond utilizing technical skills. Nurses need to have knowledge about the total person they are tending to. It is also essential to have a working knowledge about institutional policies, guidelines, and procedures. Also, nurses must have the ability to deliver evidence-based care to foster health in addition to the ability to care for those who are ill (Mallik, Hall, & Howard, 2009, p. 1).

In order to be recognized as a discipline, separate from medicine and other health sciences, nursing needs to have its own body of knowledge. Carper grouped nursing knowledge into four categories. Empirical or the science of nursing, esthetic is the art of nursing, personal is actualizing nursing, and ethics or moral right or wrong in nursing.Theories act as the foundation for nursing practice and are used to develop nursing actions. Dr. Jacqueline Fawcett states that having nursing models and theories are crucial to providing a rational for what nurses do and why they do what they do. She continues to say that nursing knowledge guides practical nursing activities. This is because a discipline has by definition a distinct body of knowledge. Knowledge is basically what classifies us as a profession because having a unique body of knowledge is one of the things that defines a profession in society ("Profession," n.d.).

We hope you have enjoyed our presentation of Razzano Locsins theory of Technology Competency in Caring and the research study that utilized this theory: Valuing Caring Behaviors Within Simulated Emergent Nursing Situations' Thank you.16ReferencesButts, J. B., Rich, K. L., & Fawcett, J. (2012). The future of nursing: how important is discipline-specific knowledge? A conversation with Jacquelin Fawcett. Nursing Science Quarterly, 25(2), 151-154. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318412437955Carper, B. A. (1978). Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 13-24. Retrieved from http://journals.laww.com/advancesinnursingscience/Citation/1978/10000/Fundamental_Patterns_of_Knowing_in_Nursing.4aspx.Defining nursing knowledge. (2005, November 29). Nursing times. Retrieved from http://www.nursingtime.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zomes/educators/defining-nursing-knowledge/203491.article.17References ContinuedEggenberger, T., Keller, K., & Locsin, R. C. (2010). Valuing caring behaviors within simulated emergent nursing situaions. International Journal for Human Caring, 14(2), 23-29.Future of nursing [Drawing]. (2011). Retrieved from http://magazine.nursing.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/p30_FutureofNursing.jpg.Integrating technology into nursing [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttp://www.nursingknowledge.org/integrating-technology-in-nursing.html.

18References ContinuedLocsin, R. C. (2006). Technological Competency as Caring and the Practice of Knowing Persons as Whole. Parker, M.E. (2nd ed.) In Nursing Theories & Nursing Practice. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.Locsin, R. C., & Waraporn, K. (2011). The invisible person in a technological world of nursing practice. UPNAAI Nursing Journal, 7(1), 27-31. Locsin, R. (1998). Technologic competence as caring in critical care nursing. Holistic Nursing Practice, 12(4), 50-56. Masters, K. (2012). Nursing theories: a framework for professional practice. Retrieved from http://samples.jbpub.com/9781449691509/81982_CH02_Pass1.pdf.

1919References ContinuedPrice, A. M. (2013). Caring and technology in an intensive care unit: an ethnographic study. Nursing in Critical Care, 18:278288. doi:10.1111/nicc.12032.Profession. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/profession.What is the relationship between nursing theory and nursing practice. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-nursing-theory-and-nursing-practice.htm.

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