tenses
TRANSCRIPT
TENSESBy- group II
Tenses
Tenses are of three types which can be further subdivided into four types.
These are:
1. PRESENT TENSEIt can be further subdivided into…• Simple present • Present continuous• Present perfect• Present perfect continuous
2. PAST TENSEIt can be further divided into:• Simple past• Past continuous• Past perfect• Past perfect continuous
3. FUTURE TENSEIt can be further divided into:
• Simple future• Future continuous• Future perfect• Future perfect continuous
A. PRESENT TENSETENSE USES SIGNAL WORDS
a) Simple present
Action in the present taking place once, never or several times. facts actions taking place one after another. actions set by a time table or schedule.
always, ever, never , normally, often, usually, sometimes, seldom…etc
b) Present continuous
action taking place in the moment of speaking. action taking place only for a limited period of time. action arranged for the future.
at the moment, just , just now, listen, look!, now, right now…etc
c) Present perfect
putting emphasis on the result. action that is still going on. action that stopped recently. finished action that has an influence on the present.
already, never , just, ever, not yet, so far, till now, up to now….etc
d) Present perfect continuous
putting emphasis on the course of duration ( not the result) action that recently stopped or is till going on. finished action that influenced the present.
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week….etc
Examples of the various present tenses….
1. Simple present tense: The servant comes and opens the door.
2. Present continuous tense: She is visiting the museum tomorrow.
3. Present perfect tense: They have won the match.
4. Present perfect continuous tense We have been living in this city for five years now.
B. PAST TENSETENSE USES SIGNAL WORDS
a) Simple past
action in past taking place once, never or several times. actions taking place one after another. actions taking place in middle of another action.
yesterday, 2 mins ago, the other day, in 1990, last Friday….etc
b) Past continuous
action going on at a certain time in ma past. actions taking place at the same time. action in the past interrupted by another action.
when, while, as long as…..etc
c) Past perfect
action taking place before at a certain time in the past. sometimes interchangeable with past perfect continuous. putting emphasis only on the fact(not duration)
already, just, never, not yet,Once, until that day….etc
d) Past perfect continuous
action taking place before at a certain time in the past. sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple. putting emphasis on duration/course of an action.
for, since, the whole day, all day….etc
Examples of the various past tenses….
1. Simple past tense: She worked hard last year.
2. Past continuous tense: He was laughing at the beggar when I saw him.
3. Past perfect tense: We had caught the thief before the arrival of the police.
4. Past perfect continuous tense: I had been wading through water for half an hour.
3. FUTURE TENSETENSE USES SIGNAL WORD
a) Simple future
action in the future which cannot be influenced. action that will finish by a certain time in the future. decision made for the future. conclusion for the future.
in a year, next week, tomorrow, I think, probably, perhaps, by Monday, in a week….etc
b) Future continuous
action that is going on I n a certain time in the future. putting emphasis on the coarse of the action. action taking place before a certain time.
in one year, for, the last couple of hours, all day ,long….etc
c) Future perfect
denote an action that will be completed before some particular time in the future.
shall have, will have….etc
d) Future perfect continuous
denote an action that will be going on at or before some particular time in the future.
shall have been, will have been…..etc
Examples of the various future tenses….
1. Simple future tense: It will rain in the month of December this year.
2. Future continuous tense: They will be discussing this matter in the afternoon.
3. Future perfect tense: The teacher will have taught this lesson by the end of this period.
4. Future perfect continuous tense: She will have been writing a book for two days when you meet her
tomorrow.
