terms - mt. san antonio college

9/14/2016

1

Terms

Acacia (Golden Wattle)(Acacia pycnantha)

• Description:– Phyllodes: modified petioles

(parallel veins)

– Evergreen

• Fruit:– Legume

• Flower:– Yellow

• Location:– Non‐native

– Originated in Australia

• Chemical:– Tannins

• Uses:– Perfume

• Family:– Fabaceae (Pea family)

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Bladderpod(Isomeris arborea)

• Description

– Compound leaves with 3 leaflets

– Leaves alternate

– Evergreen

• Fruit:

– Capsule

• Flower:

– Yellow

• Location:

– Native

– Endemic to Southern California

– Found in coastal sage scrub (CSS) and desert habitats in Southern California

• Chemical:

– Strong odor to reduce predation

• Uses:

– None

• Family:

– Capparaceae

Brazilian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)

• Description:– Pinnately compound leaves

– Leaves alternate

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – Drupe

• Flower: – Small white

• Location: – Non‐native (invasive)

– Originated in tropical and subtropical South America

• Chemical:– Aromatic sap that may burn

– May act as a narcotic on birds who eat berries

• Uses:– Ornamental

• Family:– Anacardiaceae (Sumac family)

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Black Sage (Salvia mellifera)

• Description:– Simple leaves with small hairs

– Drought Deciduous

• Fruit: – Schizocarp

• Flower: – Blue or lavender in stacked

balls

• Location:– Native

– Coastal sage scrub (CSS) and chaparral habitats

• Chemical:– Diterpenoids used as pain

relievers

• Uses:– Rub on sore feet

– Chumash brewed as sun tea

– Nectar used to make honey

• Family:– Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Bulrush(Schoenoplectus californicus)

• Description– Triangular leaf

– Sedge‐like

• Fruit: – Grain

• Flower: – Brown or tan panicle

inflorescence

• Location: – Native

– Indicator of freshwater in North and South America

• Chemical:– None

• Uses:– Used by Native Americans to

make baskets, rope, canoes

• Family:– Cyperaceae

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California Blackberry (Rubus ursinus)

• Description– Leaves usually have 3 leaflets

but sometimes 5 or only 1– Branches with prickles– Usually Deciduous

• Fruit: – Aggregate fruit made up of

numerous duplets

• Flower: – White with narrow petals

• Location: – Native– Common in moist and shaded

shrublands, streamsides, disturbed areas, and canyons

– Western U.S.


• Uses:– Used by Native Americans as a

food

• Family:– Rosaceae (Rose family)

California Buckeye (Aesculus californica)

• Description– Palmately Compound with

five leaflets

– Deciduous

• Fruit: – Capsule

• Flower: – Large white to pink

• Location: – Native to northern California

– Only buckeye species endemic to California

• Chemical:– Neurotoxic glycoside aesculin,

which causes hemolysis of red blood cells.

• Uses:– Used by Native Americans to

kill fish

– Toxic to honeybees

• Family:– Sapindaceae

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California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum)

• Description:– Leaves in clusters

– Evergreen

• Fruit:

– Grain

• Flower: – White or brown clusters

• Location:

– Native

– Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats


• Uses:– Treatment of headache,

diarrhea, and wounds

– Good for heart

– Erosion control

– Source of food for honeybees in summer months

• Family:– Polygonaceae

California Redbud (Cercis occidentalis)

• Description:– Simple heart‐shaped leaves

– Deciduous

• Fruit: – Legume

• Flower:

– Large Pink or red

• Location:

– Native

– Chaparral habitats in western United States


• Uses:– Wood Veneer

– Erosion control

– Red bark used for baskets

• Family:– Fabeaceae (Pea family)

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California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica)

• Description– Slender flexible stems with

thin pinnate leaves

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – Achene

• Flower: – Narrow inflorescence which

are yellowish



• Chemical:– Terpenes to reduce

competition and predation

• Uses:– Erosion control

– Reduce digestive issues

• Family:– Asteraceae (Sunflower family)

Caster Bean(Ricinus communis)

• Description:– Palmate alternate Leaves

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – Spiny capsule (not a true

bean)

• Flower: – Panicle‐like inflorescence

which are reddish in color

• Location: – Non‐native (invasive)

– Originally from Asia and Africa

• Chemical:– Ricin (deadly)

• Uses:– Source of Caster Oil used for

digestive cleansing

– lubricant

• Family:– Euphorbiaceae

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Catalina Cherry(Prunus ilicifolia)

• Description:– Simple toothed alternating

leaves (vary)

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – Drupe with large pit



– California chaparral


• Uses:– Native Americans made a

fermented drink

• Family:– Rosaceae (Rose Family)

Catalina Ironwood(Lyonothamnus floribundus)

• Description:– Compound Leaves (fernlike)

– Evergreen


• Flower: – Cream colored


– Endemic to Catalina Island


• Uses:– Ornamental but seeds not

very viable


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Cattail(Typha sp.)

• Description– Flat simple leaf

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – Nut

• Flower: – Dense Brown Spike (wind

dispersed)


– Indicator of fresh water in Northern Hemisphere


• Uses:– Rhizomes are edible

– Leaves can be woven in to baskets or braided into rope

• Family:– Typhaceae

Ceonothus (Mt. Lilac)(Ceonothus sp.)

• Description:– Simple leaf with three

prominent veins

– Evergreen


• Flower: – Blue


– California chaparral


• Uses:– Eaten by Deer

– Used for teas

– Baskets

• Family:– Rhamnaceae

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Coast Live Oak(Quercus agrifolia)

• Description:– Simple convex leaves with

dentate margins

– Hairs in axils in leaves

– Evergreen

– No undergrowth due to shade and Tannins

• Fruit: – Nut

• Flower: – Catkins


– Oak woodlands, chaparral and CSS habitats


• Uses:– Food

– Charcoal

• Family:– Fagaceae

Coffee Berry(Rhamnus californica)

• Description:– Simple, reddish bark on stems

– Evergreen


• Flower: – Greenish


– Southwestern United States, Chaparral

• Chemical:– none

• Uses:– Ornamental not as well liked

by deer

– Erosion control

– Heal burns and rashes

– Used as laxative

• Family: – Rhamnaceae

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Coyote Bush(Baccharis pilularis)

• Description– Simple leaves that are often

sticky– Various shapes determined

by location– Large root system

• Fruit: – Achenes

• Flower: – Small white or yellow

• Location:– Native– CSS and chaparral habitats in

western United States

• Chemical:– Oils to prevent predation

• Uses:– Secondary pioneer plant

• Family:– Asteraceae (Sunflower family)

Crepe Myrtle(Lagerstroemia sp.)

• Description– Simple leaves that are opposite– Entire Margins – Deciduous


• Flower: – Small crepe like flowers ranging

from Red to pink to white

• Location:– Non‐native– Found on the Indian continent,

Southeast Asia and Northern Australia


• Uses:– Ornamental– The timber of some species has

been used to manufacture bridges, furniture, and railway sleepers

• Family:– Lythraceae

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Blue Elderberry(Sambucus nigra)

• Description– Pinnately compound leaves

with 5‐9 leaflets

– Deciduous

• Fruit: – True berry

• Flower: – Yellow in an umbrella

structure




• Uses:– Edible fruits

– Wine

– Syrup

• Family:– Adoxaceae

Encelia or Brittlebush(Encelia sp.)

• Description:– White leaves

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – Acene

• Flower: – Yellow


– Coastal sage scrub and desert habitats


• Uses:– Glue, Sealer, Gum, Incense

– Treat toothaches

• Family: – Asteraceae (Sunflower family)

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Eucalyptus(Eucalyptus sp.)

• Description:– 700 species– Alternate simple leaves– Evergreen– Gum Trees– Peeling bark


• Flower: – Vary in color with an

operculum

• Location:– Non‐native (Invasive)– Originally from Australia

• Chemical:– Terpenoids (aromatic)

• Uses:– Planted to lower the water

table– Make pulp for paper– Antiseptic– Food additives– Insect repellent

• Family:– Myrtaceae

Flannel Bush (Fremontodendron sp.)

• Description:– Simple 3‐lobed leaves– Evergreen– Fuzzy texture – modified hairs

called trichomes


• Flower: – Large yellowish orange

Flowers

• Location: – Native– Southwestern U.S. and

Mexico– Chaparral, pine woodlands,

and juniper woodland habitats


• Uses:– Water conservation gardens

• Family:– Malvaceae

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Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii)

• Description:– Simple leaf with long

flattened petiole

– Deciduous




– Riparian habitats

– Southwest U.S. and Northern Mexico



– Fuel and fence posts

• Family:– Salicaceae

Desert Willow(Chilopsis linearis)

• Description:– Simple leaf with long

flattened petiole

– Deciduous


• Flower: – Large white or pinkish


– Desert habitats in southwestern U.S

• Chemical– None

• Uses:– Wood used to make bows and

baskets

– Used to treat fungal infections

• Family:– Oleaceae

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Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba)

• Description:– Simple leaf which is fan

shaped

– Deciduous

• Fruit: – None

• Flower: – None

• Location: – Non‐native

– Originated in China

• Chemical:– Butyric Acid

• Uses:– Decorative ornamental –

only males planted in this country

• Family:– Ginkgoaceae

Horehound(Marrubium vulgare)

• Description– Simple leaf with crinkled

appearance

• Fruit: – Berry

• Flower: – White clusters on stem


– Originally from Europe, Africa and Asia

• Chemical:– Essential oils

• Uses:– Antimicrobial and anticancer

properties

– Candy

– Grasshopper repellent

– Invasive Weed

• Family– Laminaceae (Mint family)

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Incense Cedar(Calocedrus decurrens)

• Description:– Scaled leaves in flat sprays

– Branches Flexible

• Fruit: – None



– Evergreen forests in western North America


• Uses:– Pencils

– Light fires

• Family:– Cupressaceae

Indian Paintbrush(Castilleja sp.)

• Description:– Clover like leaves


• Flower: – Red, orange to yellow (bracts)


– Various habitats in western North America

• Chemical:

– None

• Uses:

– Eaten as greens

– Hairwash

– Dye

• Family:

– Orobanchaceae

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Jacaranda(Jacaranda sp.)

• Description:– Doubly compound leaves


• Flower: – Purple – often sticky


– Originally from Central and South America


• Uses:– Ornamental plants

– Acoustic guitars

• Family:– Bignoniaceae

Jimson Weed(Datura stramonium)

• Description– Large simple toothed leaves


• Flower: – Large white to purple


– Coastal sage scrub, desert, and chaparral habitats

– Widespread throughout North and South America

• Chemical:– Atropine

• Uses:– Relieve asthma symptoms

– Hallucinogen

• Family:– Solanaceae

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Jojoba(Simmondsia chinensis)

• Description:– Simple leaves that stand erect


• Flower: – Small greenish yellow


– Chaparral and desert habitats in western North America

• Chemical– Oil (liquid wax ester)

• Uses:– Laxative

– Salve

– Biodiesel fuel

– Cosmetics

• Family:– Simmondsiaceae

Laurel Sumac(Malosma laurina)

• Description;– Large Simple Leaves with

reddish edges




– Coastal sage scrub and Chaparral habitats

• Chemical:

– Volatile compounds

• Uses:

– Tea for dysentery

– Crown sprouting

– Fire adapted


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Lemonade Berry(Rhus integrifolia)

• Description:– Large Simple and alternating

– Evergreen

– Reddish twigs

– Leaf margins may be serrated

• Fruit: – Berry

• Flower: – Small rosy pink




• Uses:– Lemonade like drink

– Make candles


Liquid Amber(Lizuidamber styraciflua)

• Description:– Large Simple and palmate

– Deciduous

• Fruit: – Woody Capsule

• Flower: – Greenish


– Originally from deciduous forests in eastern U.S.

• Chemical:– Styrax

• Uses:– Plywood, furniture, cabinets

– Chewing gum

• Family:– Altingiaceae

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Mesquite(Prosopis sp.)

• Description– Deciduous– Doubly pinnate compound

leaves– Long Taproot (up to 200 ft)– Thorns


• Flower: – Catkins with pale green or

yellow flowers

• Location: – Native– Desert habitats in

southwestern U.S


• Uses:– Food (flour)– Furniture– Barbecues


Monkey Flower(Mimulus aurantiacus)

• Description– Deep Green Sticky Leaves


• Flower: – Tubular flowers that are red to orange in color


– Disturbed sandy habitats


• Uses:– Native Americans used the plant to treat minor ailments such as sores, burns, diarrhea, and eye irritation.

• Family:– Phrymaceae

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Mulefat(Baccharis salicifolia)

• Description:– Simple Leaves

– Sticky foliage

• Fruit: – Small achene

• Flower: – Small fuzzy pink or red‐tinged

white flowers


– Coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and riparian habitats in western U.S



• Family:– Asteraceaea (Sunflower family)

Mustard(Bassica sp.)

• Description:– Annual

• Fruit: – Silque

• Flower: – Yellow

• Location: – Non‐native (Invasive)

– Originally from Mediterranean region

• Chemical– Allelochemicals – inhibit

mychorrhizae of neighboring plants

• Uses:– Pioneer plant (indicator of

distrubance)

– Cooking oil

– Spice

– High in Vitamin C

• Family:– Brassicaceae (Mustard family)

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Olive(Olea europaea)

• Description:– Small evergreen tree with small

oblong leaves that are dark green on the top, silvery on the bottom


• Flower: – Small white feathery flowers in

racemes


– Originally from Mediterranean region, Asia and Africa

• Chemical– Oleuropein – makes olives bitter.

Olives are fermented to use as food

• Uses:– Food (Olives are artificially black

by adding the chemical ferrous sulfate

– 90% of olives are used as olive oil

– Has been used as a symbol of peace

• Family:– Oleaceae

Palm Tree(Washingtonia sp.)

• Description:– Evergreen

– Skirt

– Near water (Oasis)


• Flower: – Small and insignificant

• Location: – Native or Non‐native

– Desert habitats in Mexico and southern California


• Uses:– Food

– Baskets

– Thatch Roofs

• Family:– Arecaceae

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Palo Verde(Parkinsonia microphylla)

• Description:– Green bark

– Small leaves that are drought deciduous


• Flower: – Pale yellow


– Desert habitats in southwestern U.S


• Uses:– Food (flour)


Pampas Grass(Cortaderia selloana)

• Description:– Tall grass with leaves that cut

when going toward center of plant

• Fruit: – Grain

• Flower: – Dense white panicles



– Originally from South America

• Chemical:

– None

• Uses:

– Flower arrangements

• Family:

– Poaceaea (Grass family)

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Pine Tree(Pinus sp.)

• Description:– Leaves are needles grouped

into fascicles

– Branches flexible

• Fruit: – None



– Evergreen forests worldwide


• Uses:– Wood

– Furniture, floors

• Family:– Pinaceae

Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia littoralis)

• Description:– Leaves modified into Glochids

– Stems modified as Chladophylls

• Fruit:– Fleshy red fruit (pear)

• Flower:– Yellow to red


– Found in coastal sage scrub and desert habitats in southwestern United States


• Uses:– Can be eaten

• Family:– Cactaceae (Cactus family)

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Sago Palm(Cycas revoluta)

• Description:– Palm‐like

• Fruit: – None



– Originally from Japan and China

• Chemical:– Alkaloids, tannins, steroids


• Family:– Cycadaceae

Southern Black Walnut(Juglans nigra)

• Description:– Compound leaves

– Deciduous

– Slight odor


• Flower: – Green catkins



– Endemic to California


• Uses:– Flooring, furniture

– Food

• Family:– Juglandaceae

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Southern Magnolia(Magnolia grandiflora)

• Description– Thick Waxy Leaves with rusty

pubescence underneath

• Fruit: – Follicle

• Flower: – Large White


– Originally from southeastern U.S.


• Use– Ornamental

– Make furniture, pallets and veneer

• Family– Magnoliaceae

Stinging Nettle(Urtica sp.)

• Description– Small perennial plant with

serrated leaves and trichomes


• Flower: – Small greenish or brownish in

an inflorescence


– Western United States

• Chemical– Acetylcholine, histamine,

formic acid

• Use– Food

• Family– Urticaceae

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Sugar Bush(Rhus ovata)

• Description– Large simple leaves with

reddish twigs – Ovate leaves that are folded

along the midrib– Leaf margins entire (smooth


• Flower: – Small, pink

• Location: – Native– Coastal sage scrub and

chaparral habitats




Sweet Bay (Laurus sp.)

• Description:– Glossy simple leaves

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – True berry

• Flower: – Pale yellow green


– Originally from Mediterranean region

• Chemical:– Cineole oil

• Uses:– Astringent

– Olympic wreaths

– Cooking (spices)

• Family– Lauraceae

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Toyon(Heteromeles (Photonia) arbutifolia)

• Description:– Christmas Berry

– Simple leaf ‐ dentate

– Evergreen

• Fruit: – Pome

• Flower: – Small, white


– Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats.


– Glycocides


– Jelly from fruit

– Tea for stomach ailments


Tree Tobacco(Nicotiana glauca)

• Description:– Heart shaped leaves


• Flower: – Yellow tubular


– Originally from South America

• Chemical:– Nicotine

• Uses:– Smoked

– Treat swelling and bruises

– Biofuel

• Family:– Solanaceae

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Western Sycamore(Platanus racemosa)

• Description:– Large palmate leaves that are

pubescent

– Deciduous

– Peeling Bark


• Flower: – Inflorescence


– Riparian habitats in California and Baja California



• Family:– Platanaceae

White Alder(Alnus rhombifolia)

• Description:– Simple alternate leaves

with serrate margins – Deciduous– Bark with “eyes”

• Fruit: – Strobili (females)

• Flower: – Catkins (male)

• Location: – Native– Chaparral and woodland

habitats in California and Baja



• Family:– Betulaceae

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White Ash(Fraxinus americana)

• Description:– Compound leaves that are

made of 5‐9 leaflets

– Leaves are opposite

– Deciduous

• Fruit: – Samara



– Originally from eastern North America


• Uses:– Baseball bats, oars, flooring,

tool handles

• Family: – Oleaceae

White Sage(Salvia apiana)

• Description:– Large white leaves with an

odor


• Flower: – White to lavender


– Coastal sage scrub and Chaparral habitats

• Chemical:

– Terpenes to reduce competition and predation

• Uses:

– Food (Pinole)

• Family:

– Lamiaceae (Mint family)

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Wild Radish(Raphanus raphanistrum)

• Description:– Annual

– Small simple leaves

• Fruit: – Silques

• Flower: – White to lavender


– Originally from Asia


• Use– Food

• Family– Brassicaeae (Mustard family)

Willow(Salix sp.)

• Description– Narrow simple leaves

– Usually Deciduous

– Moist soils




– Riparian habitats in Northern hemisphere

• Chemical:

– Salicylic Acid

• Uses:

– Aspirin

• Family:

– Salicaceae

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Mustard(Brassicaceae)

Cactus (Cactaceae)

Mint (Lamiaceae) Rose (Rosaceae)

Pea (Fabaceae) Sumac (Anacardiaceae)

Sunflower (Asteraceae)

Grass (Poaceae)

Plant families

terms - mt. san antonio college

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