THE 13 COLONIES

NEW ENGLAND

MIDDLE

SOUTHERN

NEW ENGLAND COLONIESMASSACHUSETTS 1629

Charles I became king of England in 1625. He especially disliked a religious group called Puritans.

Puritans did not want to separate from the Church Of England like the Pilgrims but they wanted to reform the Church from within. They felt that the Church of England kept too many practices of the Catholic Church such as organ music, and the vestments of priests.

Puritans were persecuted in England. Their businesses were taken away, they were kicked out of Universities, and some were jailed!

PURITANS

• They decided to leave England and formed the Massachusetts Bay Company and received a charter to the New World!

• They were led by John Winthrop and were going to rule their colony based on the laws of God as they appear in the Bible.

• Not all people who went to Massachusetts were Puritans. Many came for economic reasons such as cheap land and owning their own business!

JOHN WINTHROP

• He was chosen as the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

• He worked very hard to build homes, clear the land, and plant crops. He expected everyone else to work hard as well!

• Only people who owned shares of stock in the Massachusetts Bay Company could vote. Most settlers did not and they resented taxes & laws in which they had no say!

JOHN WINTHROP

GENERAL COURT

• WINTHROP REALIZED HE HAD TO ALLOW MORE PEOPLE THAN THE SHAREHOLDERS TO HAVE A SAY IN GOVERNMENT

• ONLY PURITIAN MALE CHURCH MEMBERS COULD HAVE A SAY IN THIS GOVERNMENT!

• THEY COULD VOTE FOR GOVERNOR AND BE A MEMBER OF THE ASSEMBLY

• CALLED THE GENERAL COURT.

GREAT MIGRATION

• Under the leadership of Winthrop the colony grew and prospered!

• Between 1629 & 1640, more than 20,000 settlers came from England to Massachusetts Bay colony!

• Many settled in Boston, which gre into the largest town.

NEW ENGLAND COLONIESCONNECTICUT

• Connecticut was established in 1636 by Thomas Hooker and about 100 settlers who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

• They built a town called Hartford.

• They left Massachusetts Bay Colony because they felt the governor & other officials had too much power!

THOMAS HOOKERCONNECTICUT

• He wanted strict laws that limited the power of the government!

• THE FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT-was similar to Massachusetts Bay except that it gave the right to vote to all men who were property owners & limited the governor’s power!

• It expanded the idea of REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT!!!

CONNECTICUT

IN 1662, 15 towns were thriving. They were granted a separate charter from the King of England and become their own colony!

NEW ENGLAND COLONIESRHODE ISLAND

• Was established by Roger Williams in 1635.• He was kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay

Colony because he felt theat the Puritan Church had too much political power!

• He believed that the business of the CHURCH AND STATE SHOULD BE SEPARATE!

• The state should maintain order and peace and should NOT support a particular Church.

ROGER WILLIAMSRHODE ISLAND

• He also believed in TOLERATION!• Toleration means all people should be

allowed to practice their religion freely.• He was ordered to leave Massachusetts

Bay Colony & return to England, but he escaped and started a colony in Rhode Island.

• He bought the land from the Native Americans.

RHODE ISLANDRELIGIOUS TOLERATION

• Roger Williams allowed complete freedom of religion for all Protestants, Jews, and Catholics.

• He did not set up a state Church or require settlers to attend church services.

• HE ALSO GAVE ALL WHITE MEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE.

• Many other settlers left Massachusetts and came to Rhode Island to escape the strict Puritan rules!

ANNE HUTCHINSON

• TRIAL OF ANNE HUTCHINSON

ANNE HUTCHINSONSYMBOL OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOMShe was banished for her beliefs

Anne Marbury was born in England. At 21, she married William Hutchinson. The Hutchinsons became followers of John Cotton, a preacher who taught that people are responsible directly to God

— not the church — for their actions. Cotton was arrested for challenging the Anglican Church's authority and fled to the

Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Hutchinson family followed. As she had in England, Anne Hutchinson held religious meetings in her home and refused to stick closely to the rules of worship required by the Puritan leaders who governed the colony. She

was put on trial in 1637, convicted and banished from Massachusetts.

Hutchinson's story is one chapter in the long struggle to establish the constitutional principle of religious freedom.

ANNE HUTCHINSON

• Anne Hutchinson - and some of her children - died unfortunate deaths of mistaken identity in the summer of 1643.

After Anne's husband died - and she moved, with her children, to an area now known as Pelham Bay, New York (today a part of the Bronx) - the Duch settlers of "New Netherland" (who were friendly with Anne and her family) killed members of the Algonquian tribe.  Seeking to take revenge against the Dutch, the Native Americans ended up taking revenge against the Hutchinsons - an English family.

ANNE HUTCHINSON

• The Algonquian began their attacks on the Dutch of New Netherland in August.  Hutchinson's Dutch neighbors warned her that the Siwanoy were coming.  They told her to take her small colony and "disappear."  But Hutchinson refused to leave her home.  She even refused to arm herself, her servants or her family members.  Trusting in God's protection, she thought she had nothing to fear.  After all, she had nothing to do with the attacks on the Algonquian.  She and the Native Americans had always gotten along very well

ANNE HUTCHINSON

• August 20, 1643 was a clear, beautiful day.  A chief named Wampage led the Siwanoy war party up a hill on Pelham Bay to a small settlement.  He was no doubt surprised to find Hutchinson and her family at home.  The family showed no fear of him or his warriors.  He asked them to tie up the family dogs, which they did.  Then quickly, the warriors grabbed Hutchinson and her family members, killed them, and cut off their scalps.  They dragged the bodies into a house and burned it to the ground.

NEW ENGLAND WAR WITH WAMPANOG INDIANS IN 1675

• As more settlers came to New England they took over more and more Native American land.

• The largest conflict happened in 1675, between Metacom, (also known as King Philip), the Wampanog Chief. He would not stand by any longer as more of his people’s land was taken over by the settlers. Other Indian groups joined in as well.

• After Metacom destroyed 12 towns and killed over 600 settlers, he was captured and killed. His family & 1000 of his tribe were sold into slavery in the West Indies.

• Conflicts will continue for many years between the settlers and Native Americans.

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

• GEOGRAPHY: Rocky soil which was poor for farming. Settlers were able to grow corn, beans, squash, and pumpkins. The forest was filled with many riches. Turkeys, deer, and hogs roamed free. Sap from the trees were turned into Maple Sugar. The wood from the trees were used for shipbuilding, which became one of the biggest industries in NE. There was also plenty of fish such as cod & halibut, as well as shellfish. They also hunted whales and used them for lamp oil & ivory.

NEW ENGLAND SOCIETY

• The Puritans religion ruled the society.• The Sabbath, or holy day, was taken very seriously. On

Sundays, no one was allowed to play games, or visit taverns to joke, talk or drink. The law required all citizens to attend church services.

• The common was an open field were cattle grazed and where the town meeting house was located. The meeting house was used for church services and town meetings.

• Puritan laws were very strict, and lawbreakers faced severe punishment. About 15 crimes were punishable by death. Witchcraft was a severe crime and in1692, 20 men and women were executed in Salem, Massachusetts.

SALEM WITCH TRIALS•

Twenty-four innocent victims lost their lives in the Salem witchcraft hysteria. How did the community of Salem let this tragedy happen? Was it simply fear and superstition, or were there other factors at work? The events of 1692 took place during a difficult and confusing period for Salem Village. As part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Salem was under British rule. When the hysteria began, the colony was waiting for a new governor and had no charter to enforce laws. By the time the new governor, William Phips, arrived in Massachusetts, the jails were already filled with alleged witches. To make matters worse, New England towns were under attack by Native Americans and French Canadians. Salem Village faced daily challenges closer to home as well. Most families had to support themselves, making their own clothes, planting vegetables, raising meat. Farming was often a painstaking task in the harsh climate and rough, rocky terrain—and a drought or flood could ruin a year’s harvest. An epidemic of smallpox could kill a family. In a world where people saw the Devil lurking behind every misfortune, it is little wonder they believed evil spirits were at work. But there may have been stronger factors behind the witch hunts—the Puritan lifestyle, a strong belief in the Devil and witchcraft, the divisions within Salem Village, and the expectations of children.