The 2010 Shanghai World Expo:

The Challenge for Distributed Energy

Visiting Professor, The Energy Analysis Department

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA

WEIJUN GAO PhD

Associate Professor, Faculty of Environmental Engineering

The University of Kitakyushu, Japan

Professor, Department of Architecture

Xi’an JiaoTong University, China

Brief Introduction of My Laboratory

http://gao.env.kitakyu-u.ac.jp/

Distributed Energy Resource and Network

Environmental Evaluation

China Energy

Building Recycle

Ph.D candidates: Four

Master Candidates: Three

Bachalor: Four

Reasearch: Four

Visiting Professor: Five

2006

Demand

Marketing Information

Tariffs, fuel prices,

demand-aids opportunity

Technology informationCHP, PV, Wind Power

Load of Electricity,

Cooling/heating

Possibility of

Introduction

Design Stage

Optimal design of

network (pipe size

and pressure)

Evaluation in Energy

saving, environment

consciousness

Optimal

Design

Planning CAD)

HeatPlan

HeatEco

HeatNet

HeatEnv

Database

Planning Stage

F/S

Study

Technology and

capacity choice based

on cost minimum

Weather information

Customer need

Matching of equipment,

Part load running mode)

Demand Site

Need Analysis

System Site

Supply Analysis

Operation pattern

database

Decision make

Logical

HeatDem

HeatSup

HeatMan

Optimal operation plan

suggestion

Learner of

customer

using

pattern

Weather

condition

(load)

Learner

Operation Stage

Distributed Energy Resource and NetworkDesign and Management Support System for Promoting the Local Distributed Energy Resources (2005-2007)It is time from an era of making products to an era how to manager them. The long social value with a life cycle evaluation has been added in the present economical value. We need a “soft” technology to support the “hard” technology in order to realize this value.

In this study, we have developed a comprehensive computerized simulation tool to give an optimal decision making in using the distributed energy resources as well as to help the operation to reach its better mode in energy, money saving and environmental concern

Planning, design and management tool for distributed energy resources

DER-CAM

Field study on the effects of introducing

a distributed district energy system

(2002-2004)

Research on safety and backup of

heat supply by networking heat

resources (2003)

Study on heat supply enterprise network by

distributed generator arrangement (2000-2003)

4

1

3

2

Y

M2

M1

N

O

1

2

3

350

350

350

350

China Energy

•Planning an Energy Infrastructure with a low environmental load

in Shanghai World Expo(2004-2005)

•Shanghai Energy Saving Situation and the Entry Possibility of

ESCO enterprise into Shanghai Market (2005)

•Feasibility Study In relation to Methane Gas CDM Project In

China (2005-2007)

•Research on district heat supply system with a low environment

load in North-east area of China (Changchun) (2002)

•Investigation on Energy Consumption in Dalian, China (2001)

•Energy Consumption and its Impacts on Environment in Shanghai,

China (2000)

•Investigation of City Environment and Energy Consumption in

Yangtze Delta Area (1999)

Environmental Evaluation

Mitigating the heat island in

Tokyo Metropolitan area with a

Numerical Simulation(1999)

Effects of introducing distributed energy

system on the local environment(1997)

LBNL-43955 Mitigation of urban heat islands: meteorology, energy, and air

quality impacts 09/30/1999 Taha, Haider;Meier, Alan;Gao, Weijun;Ojima, Toshio

Research on Building Recycle

Recycle process of building materials in the detached

houses (2005)

•Lifecycle resource and energy consumption evaluation

in residential house with steel construction (2005)

•Lifecycle resource evaluation system for building

material Recycle (2004-2005)

•Evaluation on decreasing the resource and energy

consumption in environmental residential buildings

(2003-2004)

•Research on disassemble and recycling energy

consumption in collective residential buildings of

Kitakyushu (2003)

•Lifecycle energy consumption for building material

recycles in residential buildings (2002)

•Investigation on energy consumption of building

material recycles in residential buildings (2002)

•Sociological Experimental Study of Low

Environmental Impact and Resource Circulation

Habitation System (1997-2004)

LBNL-46020 Energy impacts of recycling disassembly material in residential buildings.02/01/2000, Gao, Weijun;Ariyama, Takahiro;Ojima, Toshio;Meier, Alan

Design and Planning Works

Dalian Port Eastern Coastal Park

Planning (2005) with Nikken Sekkei

Comprehensive planning and design

of Guiming garden houses (2002)

International Consultancy for the Urban Design of Shenzhen City Center and Comprehensive Planning of the Underground Spaces (2000)

International Consultation for Integrated Planning Proposal of Luohu Land Port/Railway Station Area, Shenzhen(2000)

Why do we need the Distributed Energy ?

In the WorldIn USA

In Japan

100 500

5001990 100

UN Demographic Yearbook

Oceania

Asia

South America

North America

Europe

AfricaUrb

an

pop

ula

tion

mil

lion

)

The urbanization will be speeded in Asia in the next twenty years

National energy consumption Energ

y C

onsu

mption p

er

pers

on

Oil Kg/year

Canada

USA

Form

al U

SSR

Germ

any

Pakis

tan

Japan

Italy

Mexic

o

Kore

a

Bra

zil

Phili

ppin

e Thaila

nd

Indonesi

a

Fra

nce

and U

nited K

ingdom

Vie

nna

Myanm

ar

Eth

iopia

Nepal

Average energy consumption of world

Hundred Million People

Population

IndiaChina

Comparison of area between Tokyo and Shanghai

ShanghaiTokyo

31.2

35.5

Urbanization of Shanghai 25km 19km)

1.5 0C during 150 years

Increase of urban air temperature due to urbanization in Shanghai (height at 1.5m)

The city warming phenomenon due to sudden urbanizationThe city warming phenomenon due to sudden urbanization

Simulation by Weijun GAO, Haifeng LI and Toshio OJIMA

Climate change of Shanghai in recent 100 years

Over the past century, the average temperature in Shanghai has

increased by 1.5 C/year, more than three times of the global average.

The temperature increase in recent ten years is at a rate of 0.11 C/yea

Television tower and 88 floor

building of Shanghai Television tower and 88 floor

building of Shanghai

City night scene

of ShanghaiCity night scene

of Shanghai

People SquarePeople Square

City traffic of Shanghai

City traffic of Shanghai

Huangpu RiverBridge

Huangpu River Bridge

Subway of Shanghai

Subway of Shanghai

Three-dimensional traffic system of Shanghai

Three-dimensional traffic system of Shanghai

linear motor carlinear motor car

gen

erat

ion c

apac

ity

Ten

th

ou

san

d k

W

elec

tric

ity c

onsu

mpti

on

Hundre

dm

illi

on k

Wh

generation capacity

electricity consumption

Power capacity 9600MW

Change of generation capacity and electricity consumption in ShanghaiChange of generation capacity and electricity consumption in Shanghai

25 July 2003 Electrical load 13610MWPeak delay 280MW

Inspection 30MW

Peak cut 570MW

Restriction 400MW

Stop by Gov. 400MWElectrical load 14500MW

1.5

Time

Shanghai power plants and its network

Grid Power can not catch up the increase of demand

Power supply to island and/or remote place

To ensure diversity of energy supply

To keep environmental condition(ex. Reduction of Co2)

Reduction of energy cost

Reduction of investment in plant and equipmentReduction of erection period

Reliability of power Supply

CHINAJAPANEUUSANecessity or Purpose

China have “million(many)” reasons to develop the distributed

energy resource

The 2010 Shanghai World ExpoPlanning an Energy Infrastructure with a Low Environmental Load

Tok

yo O

lym

pic

Join

s W

TO

Bei

jin

g O

lym

pic

Sh

an

gh

ai

Worl

d E

xp

o

The Surge

of GDP

in China

First Oil ShockSecond Oil Shock

The Effects of The Shanghai World Expo GDP is predicted to be

Four Times compared

with today

The Surge

of GDP

in Japan

OnethousandsBillionRMB

OnethousandsBillionJapaneseYen

Hu

Jin

tao

syst

em

esta

bli

shm

ent

New

Ch

ina

70

th a

nn

iver

sary

Year

Year

Sa

pp

oro

Oly

mp

ic

Osa

ka

Wo

rld

Ex

po

Tongji UniversityResearch Center of World Expo 2010

J-PowerElectric Power

Development Co.,Ltd

JESJapan Environment Systems

CO.,LTD

Waseda UniversityToshio Ojima LAB

the Ministry of Economy, Trade

and Industry

Shanghai Construction committee

Project Teams

Expo site

Shanghai

CBD

About 4.5kmHuangpu River

Expo site

Shanghai

CBD

About 4.5kmHuangpu River

Location of the Site and CBD of Shanghai

Basic Consideration

As an example of the east Asian big city, energy

infrastructure with a lower environmental load should be

built

Basic Consideration

As an example of the east Asian big city, energy

infrastructure with a lower environmental load should be

built

Background

•Better City, Better Life

•After the EXPO, re-development as a world trade city

Background

•Better City, Better Life

•After the EXPO, re-development as a world trade city

Plan

•Introduce a district heating/cooling system with distributed

generation and unused energy (the river water)

•Introduce the underground multi-purpose utility tunnel

which aims toward the improvement of city environment

Plan

•Introduce a district heating/cooling system with distributed

generation and unused energy (the river water)

•Introduce the underground multi-purpose utility tunnel

which aims toward the improvement of city environment

Outline

Master plan of 2010 Shanghai World Expo

1.35 km2

3.93 km2

Huangpu River

Near Nanshi City

power plant

ForestOther

307,900

(88000RT)

35,000

10,000RT

105,000

30,000RT

Cooling Capacity(kW)

About 1201028.5Cooling Area

(ten thousand )

The International

Trade Center

Park, Village

(restoration)

EXPO ParkAfter Expo

701564The number of

attendance(Million)

670170350Area(ha)

Better City,

Better Life

Nature's WisdomProgress and

Harmony

for Mankind

Theme

Shanghai Expo

(2010)

Aichi Expo

(2005)

Osaka Expo

(1970)

The Scale of Shanghai Expo (comparison with Osaka and Aichi

307,900 kW1,203,000m22,000,000m2

400,000m2700,000m2Auxiliary Facilities

100,000m2500,000m2Urban experimental

zones

Pavilions for enterprises

Pavilions for Chinese

province

International Pavilions

China pavilion

Joint pavilions

Foreign

Foreign

governmentGover

nment

pavilio

ns

307,900 kW

(88,000USRT)

703,000m2800,000m2

Theme pavilion

Cooling loadAir conditioning

areaFloor areaZone

Prediction of maximum cooling load during exposition in 2010

Foreign

Pavilion

Foreign

Pavilion

Foreign

Government

Pavilion

International

Pavilion

Joint

Pavilion

Province

Pavilion

of China

Foreign

Government

PavilionChina

Pavilion

Enterprise

Pavilion

Enterprise

Pavilion

Enterprise

Pavilion

Nanshi

Power Plant

Puxi area

50 MW

Urban

Experimental

Zone

Pudong area

250 MW

Distribution of cooling load during Expo

River width 400m, the depth of water 6m- 8m flow 200-300m3/sAverage water temperature in August 29.3 .

databoiler: 220t/h 4generator (air bleeding system): 60MW 2generator (back air system): 25MW 1thermal supply area: 8.1km2 Nanshi city power plant

Actual energy savings for DHC systems in Japan

DHC

+CGS

+Unused En.

COP 0.701

0.759

DHC system

Conventional

COP 0.677

Individual system

Common building

COP 0.595

DHC

12.2%

DHC+CGS

15.1%

Primary Energy

Energy

Consumption

DHC+Unused En.

21.6%

DHCPlant

Gas station

Exhaust

Heat

HuanpuRiver

SewageTreatment

Center

WasteRecyclecenter

Biomass

NaturalGas

NanshiPowerPlant

Gas Supply

Hot water/ Chillered water

Generator

Nanshi

Power Plant

Puxi

Energy Center

Existing

Heat Users

Pudong

Energy Center B

Pudong

Energy Center A

C

P2 : 40.74

P3 : 40.28 C

P1 : 42.37

Case 3

P2 : 40.74

P3 : 40.28

P1 : 42.37

C

P2 : 40.74

P3 : 40.28 C

P1 : 42.37

Case 2

P2 : 40.74

P3 : 40.28

P1 : 42.37

Wind

V=3.37 /

East-Southeast

570m

630m

50

0m

Pavilion

Apartment House

Water-retentive

paving

Road

Whole site

Detail of Micro Module

Green land

Green land

Cooling

Tower

Water surface

Micro Module Area

500

m

4.3km

3.3k

m

Ground

Huangpu

River

Wind

V=3.37 /

East-Southeast

(Depth=8m)

Detail of Macro ModuleCase2+Step2 :Cooling tower + Chimney

Case3+Step2 :Water-to-water exchanger + Chimney

Wind

V=3.37 /

East-Southeast

570m

630m

50

0m

Pavilion

Apartment House

Water-retentive

paving

Road

Whole site

Detail of Micro Module

Green land

Green land

Cooling

Tower

Water surface

Micro Module Area

500

m

4.3km

3.3k

m

Ground

Huangpu

River

Wind

V=3.37 /

East-Southeast

(Depth=8m)

Detail of Macro ModuleCase2+Step2 :Cooling tower + Chimney

Case3+Step2 :Water-to-water exchanger + Chimney

Case 1

P2 : 43.93

P3 : 45.98

P1 : 43.64

Case 1

P2 : 43.93

P3 : 45.98

P1 : 43.64

for individual AC system

for water-cooled DHC

Thermal Environmental Evaluation

The average air temperature in the Case2 is 0.16 C

lower than that in Case1, which shows that the DHC

system with water cooling has less heat island effect.

Especially at the places surrounded by buildings,

such as Point 3, the air temperature in Case1 is about

5 C higher than in Case2.

Utility tunnels during exposition

Chillered

Water

100

Fuel

147

Electricity

66

Electricity

46

Chillered

Water

Electrical

Chiller COP:5

Heat loss

81

LNG Generator Efficiency

45%

Electricity

Power

20

Electricity

Power

46

Combined Cycle System Chillered

Water

100

Fuel

147

Electricity

66

Electricity

46

Chillered

Water

Electrical

Chiller COP:5

Heat loss

81

LNG Generator Efficiency

45%

Electricity

Power

20

Electricity

Power

46

Combined Cycle System

Diagram of combined cycle cogeneration system

Thank you for your attention