The Anasazi and The Anasazi and Fremont PeoplesFremont Peoples

The Indigenous People of UtahThe Indigenous People of Utah

Traveling PeoplesTraveling Peoples

Some of the Archaic Some of the Archaic Indians of Utah left over Indians of Utah left over time.time.

Others stayed and Others stayed and joined with new people joined with new people coming from other coming from other areas.areas. These new groups are These new groups are

called the Anasazi and called the Anasazi and the Fremont.the Fremont.

The Anasazi and The FremontThe Anasazi and The Fremont

These were the first These were the first people to have people to have permanent settlements permanent settlements and civilization in Utah.and civilization in Utah.

The earliest of the two new groups:The earliest of the two new groups: The Anasazi or Ancestral PuebloansThe Anasazi or Ancestral Puebloans

The Anasazi were the The Anasazi were the earlier of these two new earlier of these two new people to arrive in Utah people to arrive in Utah (300 BCE to 1300 CE).(300 BCE to 1300 CE).

They lived in the Four They lived in the Four Corners regions of Corners regions of Utah, Colorado, New Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona.Mexico and Arizona.

They are famous for They are famous for several different several different reasons, including their reasons, including their cities, pottery, and cities, pottery, and petroglyphs (rock art).petroglyphs (rock art).

The AnasaziThe Anasazi

The Anasazi did many The Anasazi did many new things.new things. They grew corn, beans, They grew corn, beans,

and squash.and squash. They made reservoirs to They made reservoirs to

catch water to grow catch water to grow food.food.

They also made clothes They also made clothes from cotton they grew.from cotton they grew.

Rock Art and AstronomyRock Art and Astronomy

Both the Anasazi and Both the Anasazi and the Fremont made the Fremont made petroglyphs, art made petroglyphs, art made by carving or painting by carving or painting on rocks.on rocks.

Some of these pictures Some of these pictures can be decoded, others can be decoded, others are still mysterious.are still mysterious.

Maybe some of them Maybe some of them are a calendar system.are a calendar system.

Anasazi BasketsAnasazi Baskets

The earliest Anasazi The earliest Anasazi were skilled basket were skilled basket makers.makers.

They used these baskets They used these baskets to carry things in, to to carry things in, to store food, etc.store food, etc.

Later, they began to Later, they began to make pottery.make pottery.

Anasazi PotteryAnasazi Pottery

The Anasazi made The Anasazi made beautiful pottery with beautiful pottery with black and white zigzag black and white zigzag designs.designs. Why are so much of the Why are so much of the

Anasazi pottery Anasazi pottery archaeologists find archaeologists find broken?broken?

Anasazi ReligionAnasazi Religion

An important part of the An important part of the Anasazi religion were Anasazi religion were their kivas.their kivas.

These type of structures These type of structures are still used by modern are still used by modern pueblo peoples.pueblo peoples.

The modern Native The modern Native Americans believe their Americans believe their creation stories are like creation stories are like those of the Anasazi.those of the Anasazi.

Anasazi ApartmentsAnasazi Apartments

The original Anasazi houses The original Anasazi houses were pit houses, like the one were pit houses, like the one in the picture.in the picture.

Later, as the Anasazi Later, as the Anasazi population grew, they began population grew, they began to build elaborate cities with to build elaborate cities with apartments.apartments.

Some of these houses were Some of these houses were built into cliff sides.built into cliff sides.

Modern Pueblo tribes still Modern Pueblo tribes still live in houses like their live in houses like their ancestors, the Anasazi.ancestors, the Anasazi.

What happened to the Anasazi?What happened to the Anasazi?

But just as Anasazi But just as Anasazi civilization reached its civilization reached its height, it suddenly height, it suddenly collapsed.collapsed.

The amazing cliff The amazing cliff houses were abandoned houses were abandoned and the people moved and the people moved away, probably south.away, probably south.

There are many theories There are many theories about what happened to about what happened to cause this disaster.cause this disaster.

Not long after the Anasazi came to Not long after the Anasazi came to Utah, the Fremont people arrived.Utah, the Fremont people arrived.

The Fremont had some similarities to the Anasazi, while in The Fremont had some similarities to the Anasazi, while in other ways they were different.other ways they were different.

Not as much is known about the Fremont although they Not as much is known about the Fremont although they once lived across much of Utah.once lived across much of Utah.

Fremont culture existed in Utah from (400 to 1300 A.D.).Fremont culture existed in Utah from (400 to 1300 A.D.).

Farmers, and sometimesFarmers, and sometimesHunters & GatherersHunters & Gatherers

The Fremont people lived The Fremont people lived in many different in many different environments, from the environments, from the marshes west of Logan to marshes west of Logan to the arid Great Basin.the arid Great Basin.

Most of these groups were Most of these groups were farmers, but some would farmers, but some would farm one year then become farm one year then become hunters & gatherers the hunters & gatherers the next year, depending on next year, depending on the weather conditions.the weather conditions.

Food StorageFood Storage

Some Fremont groups went Some Fremont groups went to extreme heights to to extreme heights to protect the food they grew.protect the food they grew.

In some canyons, the In some canyons, the Fremont built granaries Fremont built granaries (food storage bins) high in (food storage bins) high in canyon walls.canyon walls.

How did they climb there?How did they climb there? Why would you build a Why would you build a

granary on a cliff?granary on a cliff?

Fremont VillagesFremont Villages

The Fremont didn’t The Fremont didn’t build large cities like build large cities like the Anasazi.the Anasazi.

Instead they built small Instead they built small villages of pit houses.villages of pit houses.

These pits houses had These pits houses had some advantages and some advantages and some disadvantages.some disadvantages.

Fremont State ParkFremont State Park

We still have a lot to learn We still have a lot to learn about the Fremont. about the Fremont.

They have not been as well They have not been as well studied as the Anasazi.studied as the Anasazi.

Fremont State Park was Fremont State Park was created in 1987 to protect created in 1987 to protect one of the largest Fremont one of the largest Fremont villages yet found.villages yet found.

Range Creek: a canyon filled with Range Creek: a canyon filled with Fremont sites.Fremont sites.

Petroglyphs & PictographsPetroglyphs & Pictographs

The Fremont style of rock art is different than that of The Fremont style of rock art is different than that of the Anasazi.the Anasazi. Petroglyph: A picture carved into a rock.Petroglyph: A picture carved into a rock. Pictograph: A picture painted onto a rock.Pictograph: A picture painted onto a rock.

The Fremont people made many of The Fremont people made many of the same items that the Anasazi did.the same items that the Anasazi did.

BasketsBaskets Coiled grey potteryCoiled grey pottery Stone toolsStone tools JewelryJewelry Clay figuresClay figures

The Mystery of the FremontThe Mystery of the Fremont

Just as with the Anasazi, Just as with the Anasazi, the Fremont culture the Fremont culture disappeared. No one is disappeared. No one is sure why.sure why. DroughtDrought Climate changeClimate change Soil erosionSoil erosion Invasion by other peopleInvasion by other people This process did not take This process did not take

place everywhere at place everywhere at once, but eventually all once, but eventually all of the permanent cities of the permanent cities and villages had been and villages had been abandoned.abandoned.