The ANTEBELLUM PeriodAntebellum refers to the

period leading up to the Civil War. What images come to mind when you think of this time period?On the Title page of your notes color a picture that will remind you what antebellum means.

Objective: To examine the impact of the cotton gin on American society.

Do Now: Which of the following inventions has had the largest impact on American society? Pick one, and explain your choice.

• Train

• Car

• Plane

• Other (fill in the blank)

• Refrigerator

• Telephone

• Television

• Computer

I. Eli Whitney, The Cotton Gin and the rise of slavery

DBQ (Document Based Questions): Part A (use these answers to answer part B):

Eli Whitney, The Cotton Gin and the rise of slavery1. BIRTH OF THE COTTON GIN

The Cotton Gin was created in 1793 to ease the tremendous burdens of those who labored to pick the seeds from the cotton. Many labored under difficult conditions, and even under good conditions, one could manage to clean only one pound of the crop a day. With his invention, Whitney made it possible to clean fifty pounds per day.

1. How did the Cotton Gin change the production of Cotton in the South? Be specific!!!!!

2.

2a. Write down a brief description of this picture.2b. What are the slaves doing, what is the White Man doing?

Census Year # of Slaves1790 697,6811800 893,6021810 1,191,3621820 1,538,0221830 2,009,0431840 2,487,3551850 3,204,3131860 3,953,7601870 0

3. Year Cotton (bales)1790 3,1351800 73,1451810 177,6381820 334,3781830 731,4521840 1,346,2321850 2,133,8511860 3,837,402

3. What does the first chart tell about how much cotton was grown in the south during the antebellum period? What does the second chart tell about who did all the work growing the cotton?

4. Why wasn’t cotton an important crop before the cotton gin? How did the cotton gin change the Southern economy?

4.

DBQ Part B: Using the documents above, your answer to the questions in Part A , and your knowledge of social studies, write a well-developed paragraph. In your paragraph discuss how the cotton gin changed both economic and social aspects of the south prior to the civil war.

II. Causes of the Civil War

A. Missouri Compromise – 1820

1. Created 12 slave states and 12 free states2. Missouri slave; Maine free.3. No slavery north of 36 20’ latitude

B. Compromise of 1850

1. Should California be admitted free or slave?

a. most states wanted to keep the balance.2. Fugitive Slave Act – required northern states to return run-away slaves to their former owners. 3. California is free, Fugitive slave law inacted.

C. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

1. Popular Sovereignty – People should be given the right to vote on an issue (slavery) and make a decision. 2. These territories wanted to become states and would have to choose slave or free.

a. This repealed the Missouri Compromise.

3. This law led to Bleeding Kansas

a. People from slave and free states lined up to claim land in Kansas, lots of people died.

D. John Brown1. Seized Harpers Ferry, VA in an attempt to free slaves in the south

2. The plan – get slaves to rise up against their owners and go from plantation to plantation freeing slaves

E. Dred Scott

1. Slave who lived in a free state – he sued for his freedom and lost.

a. Supreme Court said that people of African descent have no rights, therefore cannot sue.

b. Supreme Court also said Dred Scott could not be free because it would take property from his owner.

F. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote about the horrors of slavery.

2. It helped the abolitionists because it was available to everyone

G. Election of 18601. Lincoln - republican

a. wanted to limit slavery to where it already was.

b. Did not believe races were equal.

2. Breckinridge – Southern Democrat

a. Believed in states right to succeed.

b. Believed federal gov’t could not restrict slavery.

3. Douglas – Northern Democrat

a. Believed in popular sovereignty, the people decide

4. Bell – Constitutional Union

a. Only wanted to preserve the union5. Lincoln wasn’t on the ballet in ten Southern states

He won anyway