The Cold War1945-1990

The Superpowers

• The US and the USSR emerged from WWII as the worlds two superpowers.

• This conflict of ideology set the stage for the Cold War.

A war of Ideology

US USSR

Democracy CommunismCapitalism CommunismThe West The EastNATO Warsaw PactStop Communism Spread Comm.

Soviet Threat

The Marshall Plan

• The US plan to help rebuild Europe after WWII.

• The US provided $15 billion of aid to help the allies rebuild.

Truman Doctrine

• President Truman promises economic and military support to any country resisting communist aggression.

Truman Checks Stalin

The Iron Curtain

• Winston Churchill declared that a line of separation had descended across Europe dividing east and west.

Satellite Nations

• Comprised of Eastern European Nations under Soviet control after WWII.

• The satellites created a buffer between the USSR and the West.

• Poland, East Germany,Hungary,Romania.

Defense Alliances

NATO

• The Western Alliance• Protected W. Europe

against Soviet aggression.

Warsaw Pact

• The USSR and its satellites.

Cold War Germany

W EBerlin

Germany

Democracy

Communism

32

The Berlin Crisis (1948)

• In 1948 Stalin attempted to force the Western allies out of Berlin by sealing off the city.

• Highways and Railroads entering the western sector of Berlin were closed.

The Berlin Airlift

• The Western allies responded to the blockade by mounting a round the clock airlift.

Stalin Tryingto

Stop Airlift

Soviet Obstructionism

The Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin

Before the Wall's erection, 3.5 million East Germans defected from East Germany, many by crossing over the border from East Berlin into West Berlin and entering the Democratic World.

The Arms RaceCompetition between the US and USSR to develop and deploy nuclear weapons.

Space Race

SputnikOctober 1957

The Korean War

https://www.cia.gov/

North and South Korea

Divided Korea• North Korea was led by communist leader

Kim Il Sung• South Korea was led by Syngman Rhee and

called itself the Republic of Korea

Kim Il Sung

Syngman Rhee

U.S. Involvement

• South Korea was unstable economically • The United States feared that South Korea

would fall to communism• U.S. government helped to build up the

South Korean military• Both the U.S. and the Soviets removed their

troops from Korea in 1949.

Fighting Begins

• North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950.

• The UN became involved and asked for an immediate cease fire

• The Soviets were boycotting the U.N. due to the denial of admittance of China to the world governing body

Final Outcomehttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html

The War Ends

• Korea in May of 1953• July 27th, 1953 an armistice was agreed upon.• The outcome of the war was the same dividing

line that was present before the start of the war, approximately around the 38th parallel

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet Expansionism

Discussions on Germany

Plea from Europe

American View

Soviet Control of Berlin

Stalin’s Mood Changes

Stalin Peeks Under Iron Curtain

Stalin’s Fears Realized

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis