The ColoniesThe Colonies

What do we know?What do we know?

►What problems did the new settlers What problems did the new settlers face in the new world?face in the new world?

►What colonist saved the colonists from What colonist saved the colonists from starvation?starvation?

►What crop saved the Virginia What crop saved the Virginia Company? Who introduced it? Company? Who introduced it?

►What were the big farms called? Who What were the big farms called? Who worked on the farms?worked on the farms?

►11stst legislative body in English colonies? legislative body in English colonies?

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

► Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, Maryland, Carolina’s, GeorgiaCarolina’s, Georgia

► Reason=economic Reason=economic opportunityopportunity

►Maintained an Maintained an allegiance to the allegiance to the Church of England Church of England and closer social and closer social ties to England then ties to England then other colonies.other colonies.

MarylandMaryland

►Proprietary Proprietary Colony: Private Colony: Private land grantland grant

►Founded: Lord Founded: Lord BaltimoreBaltimore

MarylandMaryland

►Purpose: Safe Purpose: Safe place for place for Catholics (haven)Catholics (haven)

►Significance: Significance: Toleration ActToleration Act Protected Protected

religious freedom religious freedom for all Christiansfor all Christians

Maryland Toleration Act of 1649Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.

Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.

Decreed death to those who denied the Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].

In one way, it was less tolerant than In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!before the law was passed!!

A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics

VirginiaVirginia

►Some of Virginia’s early settlers are Some of Virginia’s early settlers are called Cavaliers- English nobility who called Cavaliers- English nobility who received large land grants from the received large land grants from the king.king.

►Poor English immigrants came seeking Poor English immigrants came seeking better lives as small farmers or better lives as small farmers or artisans in the Shenandoah Valley.artisans in the Shenandoah Valley.

CarolinasCarolinas► Royal Colony: King Royal Colony: King

ControlledControlled► Purpose: Grow food Purpose: Grow food

for the West Indiesfor the West Indies►Major City: Charleston Major City: Charleston

(Charles Town)(Charles Town) South Carolina grows South Carolina grows

rich through traderich through trade North Carolina lacks a North Carolina lacks a

good portgood port►Outer Banks: Sink ShipsOuter Banks: Sink Ships

GeorgiaGeorgia

► Last of the original Last of the original coloniescolonies

► Founded: James Founded: James OglethorpeOglethorpe

► Purpose:Purpose: Buffer Colony: Buffer Colony:

Protect S.C. from Protect S.C. from Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida

Debtor Colony: Place Debtor Colony: Place to start overto start over

Life in the SouthLife in the South

► Political: Political: ► Government run by Government run by

the rich plantation the rich plantation owner owner (representative (representative colonial legislatures)colonial legislatures) White males who White males who

owned land allowed to owned land allowed to vote vote

► Virginia’s House of Virginia’s House of BurgessesBurgesses

Life in the SouthLife in the South

► Economic: Plantation Economic: Plantation (cash-crops) economy(cash-crops) economy Tobacco, Rice, IndigoTobacco, Rice, Indigo

► Few townsFew towns► Charleston: Major cityCharleston: Major city

Indentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude

Headright System:Headright System:

Each Virginian got 50 acres for Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage each person whose passage they paid.they paid.

Indenture Contract:Indenture Contract:

5-7 years.5-7 years.

Promised “freedom dues” [land, Promised “freedom dues” [land, £]£]

Forbidden to marry.Forbidden to marry.

1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!their indentured contracts!

English Tobacco English Tobacco LabelLabel

English Tobacco English Tobacco LabelLabel

First Africans arrived in Jamestown in First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 16191619..

Their status was not clear Their status was not clear perhaps perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants.slaves, perhaps indentured servants.

Slavery not that important until the end Slavery not that important until the end of the 17of the 17cc..

SlaverySlavery► Slaves replace Slaves replace

indentured servantsindentured servants►Middle Passage:

Journey from Africa to Journey from Africa to AmericaAmerica Part of the Part of the

Triangular Trade Triangular Trade ► Slave CodesSlave Codes: Harsh : Harsh

laws against slaveslaws against slaves► Slave Response: Slave Response:

Suicide, vandalism, Suicide, vandalism, revoltsrevolts

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

►Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, New York, New New York, New Jersey, Jersey, DelawareDelaware

►Colonial Colonial BreadbasketBreadbasket

►Rich Economy: Rich Economy: Farming & Farming & Industry Industry (shipbuilding)(shipbuilding)

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

►Settled mainly by English, Dutch, and Settled mainly by English, Dutch, and German speaking immigrants seeking German speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic religious freedom and economic opportunity.opportunity.

►Cities like New York & Philadelphia Cities like New York & Philadelphia began to grow as seaports and began to grow as seaports and commercial centers.commercial centers.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

► Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania: Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony

► Founded By: William Founded By: William PennPenn

► Purpose: Home for Purpose: Home for QuakersQuakers Pacifist religious Pacifist religious

group group ► Philadelphia: “City of Philadelphia: “City of

Brotherly Love”Brotherly Love”

Middle Colonies = religious Middle Colonies = religious toleration?toleration?

►The middle colonies were home to The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups- Quakers in multiple religious groups- Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots & Jews in NY, Pennsylvania, Huguenots & Jews in NY, Presbyterians in NJ that generally Presbyterians in NJ that generally believed in more religious tolerance. believed in more religious tolerance.

►Middle Colonies had a more flexible Middle Colonies had a more flexible social structure and began to develop social structure and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs, and small farmers.entrepreneurs, and small farmers.

New EnglandNew England

►Northern area of English colonies.Northern area of English colonies.►Made up of people seeking religious Made up of people seeking religious

freedom (sort of!!!)freedom (sort of!!!)►Plymouth Bay Colony (PBC), Plymouth Bay Colony (PBC),

Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC), Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC), Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Rhode Island, Connecticut, New HampshireHampshire

MassachusettsMassachusetts

Pilgrims Puritans

Two groups of settlers:

Created for religious purposes

PuritanismPuritanismCalvinism Institutes of the Christian Religion

Predestination.

•Good works could not save those predestined for hell.

•No one could be certain of their spiritual status.

•Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.”

Puritans:

Want to totally reform [purify] the Church of England.

Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

PilgrimsPilgrims

1620: Arrive @ Plymouth

Separatists: Believed Church of England was corrupt. Never to return to England.

William Bradford: Pilgrim leader

Separatist Beliefs:Separatist Beliefs:

Puritans who believed only “visible Puritans who believed only “visible saints” [those who could saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership.admitted to church membership.

Because the Church of England Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned.”churches with the “damned.”

Therefore, they believed in a total Therefore, they believed in a total break from the Church of England.break from the Church of England.

SeparatistsSeparatists

PilgrimsPilgrims

Mayflower Compact: Legal document that established democracy in Plymouth Bay Colony

Governor William Bradford

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620Written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the ship.

Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule.

Signed by 41 adult males.

Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

PuritansPuritans

Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Non-Separatist: Goal is to be an example for all to follow and reform the church

PuritansPuritans

John Winthrop: Puritan leaderGoal: create a “City on the hill”

Covenant Community- Based on the Mayflower Compact and Puritan religious beliefs.

Covenant TheologyCovenant Theology

“Covenant of Grace”: between Puritan communities

and God.

“Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan

communities with each other.

Required mutual watchfulness.

No toleration of deviance or disorder.

No privacy.

Religious FreedomReligious Freedom

Puritans did not allow other faiths in Massachusetts

Dissenters: People who opposed Puritan control

DissentersDissentersRoger Williams:

Founder of Rhode Island.

Kicked out of Massachusetts for preaching “liberty of conscience”

Liberty of conscience = separation of:

Church

State

1636 1636 Roger Williams fled there. Roger Williams fled there.

Remarkable political freedom in Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RIProvidence, RI

• Universal manhood suffrage Universal manhood suffrage later later restricted by a property qualification.restricted by a property qualification.

• Opposed to special privilege of any kind Opposed to special privilege of any kind freedom of opportunity for all.freedom of opportunity for all.

RI becomes known as the “Sewer” RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters religious dissenters More liberal than More liberal than any other colony!any other colony!

Rhode IslandRhode Island

Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

Kicked out of MBC for disagreeing with ministers

Moved to Rhode Island

ConnecticutConnecticut

Fundamental Orders: 1st written Constitution in colonies

Founded by Puritans seeking greater freedoms and land

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthNew England: “Cod and God”

Rocky soil and long winters: Bad for farming

Practiced “Direct Democracy” at town meetings (remember Athens, Greece)

New England EconomyNew England Economy

Shipbuilding:

Fishing: CodLumbering:

Subsistence Farming: you farm to sustain your life

Life in the NorthLife in the North

Religion dominated all aspects of life

All people must learn how to read the Bible.

Life in the NorthLife in the North

Education: Elementary schools required to be built in all towns > 50 families

Harvard College (1636): 1st college in America

Life in the NorthLife in the North

As MBC grows religious faith begins to decline.

Salem Witch Trials (1692): An attempt to scare people back to church by claiming Satan was corrupting society.

Life in the NorthLife in the NorthGreat Awakening: A revival in the churchBrings passion and energy to church services.

Led by two men: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

Fire and Brimstone sermons

Life in the NorthLife in the North

►Effects of the Great Awakening:Effects of the Great Awakening: More people go to churchMore people go to church New churches createdNew churches created

►BaptistBaptist►MethodistMethodist

New Colleges createdNew Colleges created People question authorityPeople question authority

EnlightenmentEnlightenment

►Challenges the authority of the church in Challenges the authority of the church in science and philosophy while elevating science and philosophy while elevating the power of human reasoning.the power of human reasoning.

►Locke- natural rights (life, liberty, and Locke- natural rights (life, liberty, and property)property)

►Montesquieu- 3 branches of governmentMontesquieu- 3 branches of government►Enlightened thinkers greatly influence Enlightened thinkers greatly influence

our Founding Fathers on the road to our Founding Fathers on the road to revolution.revolution.

REVIEW QUESTIONSREVIEW QUESTIONS

►What was the 1What was the 1stst English group to English group to arrive in New England?arrive in New England?

► John Winthrop was the leader of this John Winthrop was the leader of this group of people? What kind of city group of people? What kind of city did he hope to create?did he hope to create?

►What is the difference between a What is the difference between a separatist & a non-separatist?separatist & a non-separatist?

►How did the geography of New How did the geography of New England affect the lives of the people England affect the lives of the people there?there?