…THE END OF WWI (1919); POSTWAR SOCIAL CHANGESHonors World History, Silc, Miguel Anton Faigal

Chapter 16 Section 1

Overview (Chapter 16.1) Societal Changes New Literature New Scientific

Theories Modern Art and

Architecture

The Roaring Twenties As Europe recovered the United States

experienced a boom time. A time of greater freedom and a willingness to experiment.

The 1920s are often called The Jazz Age . Jazz consisted of Western harmonies with

African rhythms. Trumpeter Louis Armstrong, and Pianist Duke

Ellington

Women’s Lives Women saw limited progress in the postwar

period. Their war work would help them win votes:

Texas Governor, Miriam Ferguson Lady Nancy Astor, first woman to serve in

the British Parliament.

Women’s lives continued The rise of labor saving devices in middle-

class homes: Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, etc.

Some women sought work outside home at unprecedented levels: Golfers, tennis players, pilots, newspaper

reporters, artist, authors, and more.

The flapper Symbol of rebellious Jazz Age youth was

the liberated woman. Women began to reject the strict morals

of the Victorian Era Liberated young women, flappers, shocked

with their short skirts, bobbed hair, and bright red lipstick

Due to the Jazz Age… Many Americans supported, Prohibition, a ban

on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. (18th amendment, 1919)

Reaction to Prohibition: Organized crime and speakeasies, or illegal bars.

Fundamentalism vs. Science Fundamentalist: support traditional

Christian ideas about Jesus and believed that all of events in the Bible are literally true.

John T. Scopes Trial (1925): Tried for teaching evolution in his classroom.

New Literature War novels, poetry, and memoirs exposed horrors and

reality of war. (All Quiet in the Western Front by Erich Remarque.)

Lost Generation: Many writers saw that the war symbolized moral breakdown of western civilization.

These novelist and poets include: T.S. Eliot’s poem The Waste Land Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby

Literature of the inner mind Stream of consciousness: Narrator's

feelings and thoughts without imposing any logic or order. Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf

It’s a New Day Harlem Renaissance (1920’s): An African

American cultural awakening beginning in Harlem, NY home to many African Americans.

African American writers and artists express their experiences and culture. James Weldon Johnson, and Zora Neale

Hurston New styles and content of poetry from

Langston Hughes Claude Mckay, and Countee Cullen

Scientific Discoveries Marie Curie: Polish born scientist, found that the

atoms of certain elements spontaneously release charged particles. Findings proved that atoms are not solid and indivisible.

Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (1905 & 1916): measurements of space and time are not absolute but are determined by the relative position of the observer. Scientists used this theory and Curie’s work to create

atomic fusion and eventually the atomic bomb

Scientific Discoveries (cont.)

Alexander Fleming: Scottish born physician accidentally discovers Penicillin Scientists use this discovery to create

antibiotics Sigmund Freud: Austrian

Physician ,“Father of Psychoanalysis”; Suggests the subconscious mind drives human behavior.

#Artsy (Modern Art and Architecture)

Henri Matisse Utilized bold, wild strokes of color and

odd distortions to produce works of strong emotion. (He and fellow artists outraged the public)

Pablo Picasso and the French artist Georges Braque created cubism. Cubism: Painted 3-D as complex

patterns of angles and planes.

Works of Matisse and Picasso

Woman with a Hat

Luxembourg Gardens

Three Musicians

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

#Artsy-Modern Art (cont.) Vaslily Kandinsky and Paul Klee

Abstract: composed of only limes, colors and shapes

Dada movement burst onto the scene after WWI. (Jean Arp and Max Earnst) The dadaists reject traditional conventions and

believed there was no sense or truth in the world

Surrealism: Rejected rational thought, which had produced the horrors of WWI. (Salvador Dali)

Example of

surrealism

SalvadorDali

New Styles of #Architecture Bauhaus school: in Germany

influenced architecture by blending science and technology with design

Buildings featured glass, steel, and concrete and have little ornamentation

Frank Lloyd Wright

Closure

Make a prediction: How will the postwar experience in American be different from that of our European

allies? Stunned by the trauma of WWI, many people

sought to change the way they thought and acted during the turbulent 1920s. As nations recovered from the war, people began to feel hope rising out of their disillusionment. But soon, this lost generation would face a new crisis, economically, that would revive many old problems and spark new conflicts.