The Essay:Classical Rhetorical Arrangement

Exordium—introduces essay subject Narratio—states the facts to be essayed Partitio—divides into subject’s aspects Confirmatio—the proof of your essay Refutatio—states & refutes obvious

objections Peroratio—effective summation

How to Study in Academic EnglishLECTURE NOTE-TAKING METHOD

1. During lecture, take notes as detailed in lecture and on the course website

Primary ideas & concepts Secondary ideas & concepts Illustrations and examples

2. After lecture: group the ideas & concepts from

lecture notes on a clean sheet keep a separate section which

connects the main ideas across the successive novels.

3. Academic English uses primary texts

Sciences use tertiary texts—i.e. textbooks.

Texts (novels, etc.) in English are the ‘matter’ of experiments in Sciences: i.e. the material for empirical study; that upon which experiments are performed.

READING METHOD

1. Read the primary texts for enjoyment.2. Underline whatever:

catches your fancy seems important echoes lecture

3. If a section is incomprehensible, mark it and pass it by.

4. Summarise each chapter in one sentence *point of excellence*: underline

main sentence in each ¶ 5. Summarise the book in one sentence6. Re-read in skimming fashion the book

and highlight lecture ideas with a vertical line in the margin.

7. This is then a study guide for the Final Exam

SFU Lecture in Context of Learning Process:(1.) Lecture, (2.) Seminar, (3.) Office Hour Consultation, (4.) Individual Research

Learning Process: [1.] Lecture

Information Delivery Student is one among

a large number Passive Reception

Information Data Context An Organising

Thesis Dependent

Learning Process: [2.] Seminar

Group Engagement Increased active

engagement Discussion Experience

Questions Elaboration Clarification Additional specific

information

Learning Process: [3.] Office Hour Consultation

Personal Engagement 50% active Direct instruction Focus is on what the

individual requires for specific learning.

No gaps are left

Learning Process: [4.] Individual Research

Detailed personal knowledge. Fully active Independent Full knowledge Specific points

specifically comprehended

Broader scholarly understanding